Forum C.2: Akademischer Kapitalismus : Statement

Dieser Text wurde verlesen als Statement auf dem Internationalen Colloquium "Perspektiven der Germanistik im 21. Jahrhundert", das vom 4. bis 6. April 2013 im Schloss Herrenhausen in Hannover stattfand. Er bildete die Grundlage für eine Podiumsdiskussion zum Thema "Akademischer Kapitalismus" in der Sektion "Am Ende der Exzellenz – Wissenschaftsbetrieb"

DAMPAK IMPLEMENTASI UNDANG-UNDANG NO.22 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG LALU LINTAS DAN ANGKUTAN JALAN TERHADAP KESADARAN HUKUM PENGENDARA SEPEDA MOTOR (STUDI KASUS DI WILAYAH HUKUM POLRESTA SURAKARTA).

The objective of this research is to investigate: (1) the impact of the implementation of Law Number: 22 of 2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation toward the legal awareness of motorcycle riders in the Jurisdiction of the City Police of Surakarta; and (2) the factors which cause the motorcycle riders to have the low legal awareness on road traffic affairs. This research used the qualitative research method with an embedded single case study strategy. The research was conducted at the jurisdiction of the City Police of Surakarta. The sources of the data of the research were informants, places and events, and archives and documents. The samples of the research were taken by using the purposive sampling technique toward the persons who really knew the problems being studied. The data were gathered through in-depth interview, observation, and content analysis. The data were validated through data triangulation. They were then analyzed by using the interactive model of analysis. The report of the result of the research was presented in the form of explanation expressed factually based on the prevailing facts and realities in the interview and data collection. The results of the research are as follows. 1) Law Number: 22 of 2009 has not been able to improve the legal awareness of motorcycle riders as indicated by the high violations toward the traffic regulations in the jurisdiction of the City Police of Surakarta. The violations toward the traffic regulations tend to increase more significantly compared to the ones prior to the implementation of the law. The data of the research show that the violations toward the traffic regulations were 28,685 in 2008, 31,536 in 2009, and 17,867 in 2010. The decrease in the violations in 2010 is due to the fact that the first-year socialization of the new law was done in 2010 in which those against the regulations were not imposed on the firm sentence but reprimands only. In 2011, the number of violations increased up to 39.935. It happened because those against the regulations were imposed on the stern sentence by the City Police of Surakarta. 2) The factors which cause the low legal awareness of the motorcycle riders are related to following: a) Law: substantially Law Number: 22 of 2009 is still debatable particularly on its Articles on using the Indonesian National Standard helmet, turning on the primary lamps in the day, and turning the motorcycles right or left; b) Structure: structurally, the related authorities and apparatuses are lack of cooperation and performance particularly on the procurement of facility and infrastructure to support the implementation of the law; and c) Culture: culturally the law has not been able to grow the good obedience and order culture in road traffic. Other factors causing the low legal awareness are community factor and legal enforcement factor respectively. Key Word: Implementation of LAW NUMBER 22 OF 2009, Road Traffic, legal awarenes

Supervised Agricultural Experience Programmes (SAEP) and Work Linked Education (WLE): Panacea for Empowering Youths and Preventing Joblessness

Youths from Nigerian schools and tertiary institutions are usually unemployable after schooling because they are not empowered with the required saleable skills to earn them a job or with which to establish as entrepreneurs. This paper examines the relevance of Supervised Agricultural Experience Programme (SAEP) and Work Linked Education (WLE) as being capable of providing marketable and entrepreneur skills required to prevent joblessness among youths in Nigeria. The strategies for implementing SAEP and (WLE) are recommended for adoption for human capacity building and youth empowerment for national development. Keywords: Work-linked education, Joblessness, Supervised agricultural experience programmes, Skill development projects, Entrepreneurial education

Rationale for the Use of Public Relation Initiatives by Teachers of Agricultural Science in Secondary Schools in Nigeria

This paper investigated the rationale for the use of public relation initiatives by teachers of agricultural science to promote their programmes to the public. It has been observed that most of the success stories about schools agricultural science programmes hardly get to the public thereby creating a wide communication gap between what the school and the teachers of agriculture are doing and the need, interest and developmental strides of the community where the schools are located. Four (4) research questions and one hypothesis were generated for the study. The sample used consisted of 60 teachers of agricultural science, who were sampled through a stratified random sampling techniques from the three senatorial distinct in the state. Three (3) sets of questionnaire containing 25 items were used for data collection. The data were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation, and t-test. The hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the teachers of agricultural science do not publicise their programmes “success stories” to the public. They however agreed with the public relation initiatives suggested for consideration when planning agricultural science programmes to serve the public interest. There was no significant difference in the opinion of the teachers in both public and private secondary schools. Based on the finding of the study, it was recommended, among others, that all teachers of agricultural science should develop effective educational programmes and success stories that are catchy in nature for “sell out” to the public on regular basis. Parents, officials of the Ministry of Education and Agriculture and other stakeholders of the school system should be invited on regular basis to observe the school farms, agricultural science activities, during PTA meetings, inter house sport competitions, agric shows and others, so as to have a first hand information about the agricultural science success stories in each school. Keywords: Public, Public Relations, Agricultural Education, Success Stories, Vocational Agriculture, Educational Programme

United States Objection to the International Criminal Court: A Paradox Of Operation Enduring Freedom

There has been tremendous success in the signing and ratification of the ICC Statute. To date, 139 countries have signed and 89 countries, encompassing countries from all regions of the globe, have ratified the statute, which took effect on July 1, 2002 after being ratified by more than 66 countries. While most countries declared their support for the ICC, the U.S. was not in favor of signing the statute and therefore voted against it. There is no doubt that the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States were crimes against humanity as contained in the Rome Statute. Therefore, if the ICC had existed on that date, it would have had jurisdiction to punish those responsible for the terrorist assaults on the United States. Paradoxically, while the United States is leading the rest of the world in the war against terrorism after the wake of September 11, 2001, it is also leading and instigating opposition to frustrate the effective operation of the ICC. This inconsistent position taken by the United States is the thesis of this paper. Part II of the paper summarizes the background and scope of the ICC. In part III, the paper discusses U.S. grounds for opposing the ICC and argues that those grounds offer no valid reason for the United States refusal to join the international community effort to establish a permanent criminal court to ensure that those who commit the crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes are held accountable for their actions. Part IV examines specific steps taken by the United States to undermine the court, and evaluates the effect of U.S. opposition to the ICC. Part V concludes inter alia, that U.S. desire for a unipolar superpower regime will adversely affect United States interest in the long run, even if it provides any short term benefits

The 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Scope of the Subject Matter and Personal Jurisdiction of the Court Towards Individual Criminal Accountability

The principle of individual criminal responsibility evidences the recognition by the international community that crimes against international law are committed by individuals, not abstract entities and only by punishing individuals who commit such crimes can the provisions of international law be enforced. This principle which was first propagated by the Nuremberg tribunal has now been confirmed and codified by the international community in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The Rome Statute established a sui generis permanent international criminal court and unequivocally provides that a person who commits a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court shall be held individually responsible and liable for punishment. This study explores this undertaking by the international community to replace the culture of impunity with the culture of accountability. The study celebrates the historic establishment of the Court but suggests that it is not yet time for hurrah. The international community must demonstrate its support for the Court by mustering the political will to cooperate fully with the Court and free the Court from inherent bottlenecks in the Statute that may restrict the effectiveness of the Court

The Liability Rule, proprietary remedies and body parts

Sometimes courts and commentators disavow a proprietary approach to excised body parts in the belief that non-proprietary remedies are adequate to the task. A belief of this sort, this type of conceptual resistance to the application of property law to body parts, is allegedly captured in the compendious expression known as the liability rule. Moore v Regents of the University of California clearly illustrates this type of opposition. Some recent scholarship has also tried to ground this sort of exclusive non-proprietary approach to body parts in the liability rule component of the analytical framework developed by Calabresi and Melamed. This piece interrogates the idea that nonproprietary causes of action should exclusively furnish the applicable theory of liability in relation to body parts; it suggests an understanding of the theoretical framework of Calabresi and Melamed which facilitates a proprietary approach to body parts along with current non-proprietary approaches. I argue that property, liability and inalienability rules basically serve the same purpose (protection of an entitlement in the nature of a property interest) and that the difference amongst them is one of degree rather than nature; also, none of the triad applies separately and independently of one another. Thus, I suggest that the liability rule is not essentially non-proprietary and could be used to protect a proprietary entitlement. I tested my understanding of Calabresi and Melamed’s framework against a case that involved damaged kidney in order to show the difference the framework, as conceived by me, could make to the remedial fortunes of a claimant in body parts’ litigation