26 research outputs found
Pragmatists versus dogmatists: Explaining the failure of power-sharing in Northern Ireland during the 1970s
This article argues that the failure of Northern Irelandâs first power-sharing executive, and subsequent attempts to restore power-sharing during the 1970s, was the result of conflicting attitudes towards devolution among Northern Irelandâs politicians. Traditional ideological divisions between nationalists and unionists were not the primary barrier to creating and sustaining cross-community institutions, as stressed in accounts of this period premised on consociational theory. Drawing extensively from archival sources, it argues that the split between the pragmatists from both communities, who were prepared to compromise their core principles and accept power-sharing devolution within a UK framework, and the dogmatists (both nationalists and unionists) who refused to contemplate any compromise to their core position, prevented a consensual political settlement emerging during the 1970s
Selen i jego wpĆyw na zdrowie zwierzÄ t
Selenium is an essential trace element in the diet of humans and domesticated animals. It is a component of more than 30 selenoproteins, which play a significant role in
the body. Selenoproteins protect cells from damage inflicted by free radicals, the cause of
many chronic diseases. They also participate in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, control reproductive functions and exert neuroprotective effects. In addition to its anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, selenium stimulates the immune system. The role
of selenium is aided by vitamin E and sulfur-containing amino acids. Selenium deficiency
contributes to pathological changes in farm animals, which incur large financial losses each
year. Low selenium levels can lead to the development of nutritional muscular dystrophy,
also known as white muscle disease, in lambs, kids, foals, calves and poultry from birth to
3 months of age. Selenium deficiency may also cause exudative diathesis in poultry as well
as dietary necrotic liver degeneration and mulberry heart disease in pigs. Parturition problems resulting from reduced tension of the muscular layer of the uterus, postparturient
paraplegia, placental retention and purulent inflammations of the uterine lining are also
attributed to low selenium levels. Selenium deficiency contributes to the formation of ovarian cysts and increased embryonic mortality in the first 3-4 weeks after insemination.
Selenium and vitamin E facilitate neutrophil migration to the mammary gland, and they
enhance the bactericidal effects of neutrophils, thus shortening and alleviating the symptoms of clinical mastitis. Selenium poisoning is rarely encountered, and it most often results from an overdose of selenium supplements. The most common forms of selenosis are
chronic selenosis, referred to as alkali disease, and acute selenosis, popularly known as
blind staggers
Zaburzenia rĂłwnowagi kwasowo-zasadowej i elektrolitowej oraz zmiany stÄĆŒenia wskaĆșnikĂłw mineralnych surowicy w przebiegu pokarmowej dystrofii miÄĆni cielÄ t
Selenium is an essential nutrient, which is crucial for proper body function. Its role is
complemented by vitamin E. Nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD) is one of the main
disorders caused by a selenium deficiency. NMD most often affects calves at the age of
4 to 6 weeks. The study was performed on 40 Holstein-Friesian (HF) calves divided into
two groups of 20 animals each. Control group calves were administered an IM injection of
selenium and vitamin E on the second day of life. The experimental group comprised calves with symptoms of NMD. Samples of the biceps femoris muscle were collected from six
animals in each group for histopathological analyses to confirm changes in muscle parameters. Blood samples were obtained from all animals on three different dates. The following blood parameters were determined in laboratory analyses: pH, pCO
2
, pO
2
, HCO
3
â
,
BE, O
2
SAT, the concentrations of Na
+
, K
+
, Cl
â
, and Ca and P levels. A drop in pH, an
increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, a decrease in the partial pressure of
oxygen, a significant decrease in bicarbonate ion concentrations and hemoglobin oxygen
saturation as well as a base deficit were reported in the group of calves demonstrating
symptoms of NMD. The above changes point to the development of uncompensated metabolic acidosis due to increased levels of pyruvic acid and lactic acid produced as a result of
anaerobic processes that accompany muscle fiber degeneration. Minor fluctuations in sodium and chloride levels were observed throughout the experiment, but their concentrations remained within the norm in animal groups. Potassium levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The serum concentrations of
inorganic phosphorus and calcium were within the reference range in both groups. In calves, NMD leads to disruptions in the acid-base equilibrium and the electrolyte balance,
which are manifested by uncompensated metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia. Significant
changes in calcium and phosphorus levels are not observed in the blood serum of calves
affected by NMD
Distribution and chemical coding patterns of cocaine- and amphetaminer-egulated transcript - like immunoreactive (CART - LI) neurons in the enteric nervous system of the porcine stomach cardia
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) neurons and co-localisation of CART with vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (n-NOS), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and leu-enkephalin (LENK) in the enteric nervous system of the porcine gastric cardia by using a double-labelling immunofluorescence technique. CART-LI neurons were observed in the myenteric plexus (18.2}2.6%). A dense network of CART-LI nerve fibers was mainly observed in the muscular layer. CART showed co-localization mainly with VAChT, n-NOS, VIP and to a lesser degree with LENK and SP. Distribution of CART and its co- ocalization with other neurotransmitters suggest that this peptide plays an important role in gastric motility in the pig
From Mainstream to Minor and Back: The Irish Labour Party 1987-1992
This article charts the Irish Labour Partyâs (ILP) journey from a minor to mainstream political party between 1987 and 1992. This is arguably the most turbulent period in the partyâs electoral history, when the ILP performed significantly below its average result, before making unprecedented electoral gains. It identifies the factors which led to this fall and rise during the discussed period and reflects on the ILPâs place in the Irish party system arguing that the term âmainstreamâ or âproximal mainstreamâ party with regard to the ILP is perhaps more appropriate than the terms âmajorâ or âminorâ party, especially in view of its return to its usual level of support following the gains of 1992