778 research outputs found
Derivation of effective spin models from a three band model for CuO_2-planes
The derivation of effective spin models describing the low energy magnetic
properties of undoped CuO_2-planes is reinvestigated. Our study aims at a
quantitative determination of the parameters of effective spin models from
those of a multi-band model and is supposed to be relevant to the analysis of
recent improved experimental data on the spin wave spectrum of La_2CuO_4.
Starting from a conventional three-band model we determine the exchange
couplings for the nearest and next-nearest neighbor Heisenberg exchange as well
as for 4- and 6-spin exchange terms via a direct perturbation expansion up to
12th (14th for the 4-spin term) order with respect to the copper-oxygen hopping
t_pd. Our results demonstrate that this perturbation expansion does not
converge for hopping parameters of the relevant size. Well behaved
extrapolations of the couplings are derived, however, in terms of Pade
approximants. In order to check the significance of these results from the
direct perturbation expansion we employ the Zhang-Rice reformulation of the
three band model in terms of hybridizing oxygen Wannier orbitals centered at
copper ion sites. In the Wannier notation the perturbation expansion is
reorganized by an exact treatment of the strong site-diagonal hybridization.
The perturbation expansion with respect to the weak intersite hybridizations is
calculated up to 4th order for the Heisenberg coupling and up to 6th order for
the 4-spin coupling. It shows excellent convergence and the results are in
agreement with the Pade approximants of the direct expansion. The relevance of
the 4-spin coupling as the leading correction to the nearest neighbor
Heisenberg model is emphasized.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figures. Changed from particle to hole notation, right
value for the charge transfer gap used; this results in some changes in the
figures and a higher value of the ring exchang
Thermodynamics of Adiabatically Loaded Cold Bosons in the Mott Insulating Phase of One-Dimensional Optical Lattices
In this work we give a consistent picture of the thermodynamic properties of
bosons in the Mott insulating phase when loaded adiabatically into
one-dimensional optical lattices. We find a crucial dependence of the
temperature in the optical lattice on the doping level of the Mott insulator.
In the undoped case, the temperature is of the order of the large onsite
Hubbard interaction. In contrast, at a finite doping level the temperature
jumps almost immediately to the order of the small hopping parameter. These two
situations are investigated on the one hand by considering limiting cases like
the atomic limit and the case of free fermions. On the other hand, they are
examined using a quasi-particle conserving continuous unitary transformation
extended by an approximate thermodynamics for hardcore particles.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
Temperature in One-Dimensional Bosonic Mott insulators
The Mott insulating phase of a one-dimensional bosonic gas trapped in optical
lattices is described by a Bose-Hubbard model. A continuous unitary
transformation is used to map this model onto an effective model conserving the
number of elementary excitations. We obtain quantitative results for the
kinetics and for the spectral weights of the low-energy excitations for a broad
range of parameters in the insulating phase. By these results, recent Bragg
spectroscopy experiments are explained. Evidence for a significant temperature
of the order of the microscopic energy scales is found.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Mol. Cell. Proteomics
Chemical cross-linking in combination with mass spectrometric analysis offers the potential to obtain low-resolution structural information from proteins and protein complexes. Identification of peptides connected by a cross-link provides direct evidence for the physical interaction of amino acid side chains, information that can be used for computational modeling purposes. Despite impressive advances that were made in recent years, the number of experimentally observed cross-links still falls below the number of possible contacts of cross-linkable side chains within the span of the cross-linker. Here, we propose two complementary experimental strategies to expand cross-linking data sets. First, enrichment of cross-linked peptides by size exclusion chromatography selects cross-linked peptides based on their higher molecular mass, thereby depleting the majority of unmodified peptides present in proteolytic digests of cross-linked samples. Second, we demonstrate that the use of proteases in addition to trypsin, such as Asp-N, can additionally boost the number of observable cross-linking sites. The benefits of both SEC enrichment and multiprotease digests are demonstrated on a set of model proteins and the improved workflow is applied to the characterization of the 20S proteasome from rabbit and Schizosaccharomyces pombe
The Effect of Professional Partnership on the Development of a Mutualâhelp Organization
The effects of partnership between Schizophrenics Anonymous (SA, a mutualâhelp organization) and the Mental Health Association in Michigan (MHAM, a professionally staffed advocacy organization) on SA's growth and development were explored. Following the initiation of a formal partnership, SA groups were more available throughout the state, more likely to be associated with formal mental health settings, and less likely to have leaders who had been participants in other SA groups. Groups with consumer leaders had significantly greater longevity than groups with professional leaders. Changes in the organizational structure and process of SA were also identified. SA leaders reported that SA moved from a collective to a more bureaucratic structure. As a result, there was greater consistency, administrative capacity, and response capacity. This enhanced capacity came with costs reported by SA leaders. The leadership role of SA members became less defined. SA members expressed concerns about the more hierarchical structure of SA's organization, decreased consumer control, increased professional involvement in SA, and an excessive focus on group development as opposed to group maintenance. Mental Health Association in Michigan staff reported that MHAM was also impacted by the partnership, both with regard to internal functioning and external perception. Implications for effective partnerships between mutualâhelp and professional organizations are discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116999/1/ajcp9193.pd
Serum (1 â 3)-ÎČ-d-glucan measurement as an early indicator of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and evaluation of its prognostic value
AbstractPneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) pneumonia (PJP) is a major cause of disease in immunocompromised individuals. However, until recently no reliable and specific serological parameters for the diagnosis of PJP have been available. (1 â 3)-ÎČ-d-Glucan (BG) is a cell wall component of P. jirovecii and of various other fungi. Data from the past few years have pointed to serum measurement of BG as a promising new tool for the diagnosis of PJP. We therefore conducted a retrospective study on 50 patients with PJP and 50 immunocompromised control patients to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum BG measurement. Our results show an excellent diagnostic performance with a sensitivity of 98.0% and a specificity of 94%. While the positive predictive value was only 64.7%, the negative predictive value was 99.8% and therefore a negative BG result almost rules out PJP. BG levels were already strongly elevated in an average of 5 days and up to 21 days before microbiological diagnosis demonstrating that the diagnosis could have been confirmed earlier. BG levels at diagnosis and maximum BG levels during follow-up did not correlate with the outcome of patients or with the P. jirovecii burden in the lung as detected by Real-Time PCR. Therefore, absolute BG levels seem to be of no prognostic value. Altogether, BG is a reliable parameter for the diagnosis of PJP and could be used as a preliminary test for patients at risk before a bronchoalveolar lavage is performed
Microscopic model for Bose-Einstein condensation and quasiparticle decay
Sufficiently dimerized quantum antiferromagnets display elementary S=1
excitations, triplon quasiparticles, protected by a gap at low energies. At
higher energies, the triplons may decay into two or more triplons. A strong
enough magnetic field induces Bose-Einstein condensation of triplons. For both
phenomena the compound IPA-CuCl3 is an excellent model system. Nevertheless no
quantitative model was determined so far despite numerous studies. Recent
theoretical progress allows us to analyse data of inelastic neutron scattering
(INS) and of magnetic susceptibility to determine the four magnetic couplings
J1=-2.3meV, J2=1.2meV, J3=2.9meV and J4=-0.3meV. These couplings determine
IPA-CuCl3 as system of coupled asymmetric S=1/2 Heisenberg ladders
quantitatively. The magnetic field dependence of the lowest modes in the
condensed phase as well as the temperature dependence of the gap without
magnetic field corroborate this microscopic model.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
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