Economic injury level of canjiqueira in native pastures in Pantanal of Nhecolândia.

Pantanal plain has large extensions of land formed by many types of landscapes suitable to extensive livestock system. Open grasslands and lowlands are formed by forage such as grasses and forbs widely consumed by cattle. However, climatic and human factors can promote the dissemination of invasive shrub species such as canjiqueira (Byrsonima cydoniifolia A. Juss) making it necessary, in many cases, the human intervention to control the invasion. The present work had as objective to determine the economic threshold level to control canjiqueira through two methods: tractor driven blade and link chains pulled by tractor in different invasion levels plants per hectare. Economic Threshold proved to be a tool for efficient and effective management for making decisions of when and how to do the control of canjiqueira in natural pastures of Pantanal of Nhecolândia.e019177106

Variação da temperatura de sementes de soja durante o armazenamento.

A temperatura é importante para a conservação de sementes armazenadas, pois é um dos principais fatores condicionantes das reações bioquímicas e do desenvolvimento de patógenos. Uma prática que vem sendo introduzida no processamento de sementes é o resfriamento artificial imediatamente após o beneficiamento, visando reduzir a perda da qualidade das sementes durante o armazenamento. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar a temperatura de sementes de soja resfriadas artificialmente, durante o armazenamento. O experimento foi conduzido na empresa Sementes Campo Verde Ltda, no município de Campo Verde, Mato Grosso (latitude de 15° 32? 48?? S, longitude de 55° 10? 08?? W e altitude de 736 metros). Dois lotes de sementes de cada um dos três cultivares Monsoy 8757, TMG 115 RR e BRS Valiosa RR, um com sementes resfriadas e outro não foram utilizados. Cada lote era formado por 360 sacos de 40 kg, em 30 camadas de 12 sacos, e as sementes armazenadas em armazém com temperatura média anual de 24,7 ºC e 60,6% de umidade relativa doN ar. As sementes foram resfriadas pelo processo dinâmico, após o beneficiamento, com refrigerador CoolSeed, modelo PCS 80, com quatro circuitos refrigeradores, totalizando potência de 130 kW. O experimento foi instalado em abril de 2009 e cada lote tinha 12 unidades experimentais (sacos), em três porções do lote, basal, mediana e superior, de quatro sacos, distanciados por seis camadas de sacos entre si. A temperatura foi medida por saco, com uma termossonda digital, marca @GROS, a 30 cm e 60 cm de profundidade, na diagonal de cada saco, após: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias. As temperaturas das massas de sementes de soja dos lotes resfriados ou não foram semelhantes com 15 dias do resfriamento e entraram em equilíbrio térmico com o ar do armazém

Efeito da aplicacao foliar do paclobutrazol na floracao e frutificacao da mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) cv. "Tommy Atkins".

Embora o Nordeste brasileiro possua condicoes favoraveis ao cultivo da mangueira, a viabilizacao de producao durante todo o ano depende de tecnologia adequada a paralisacao do crescimento da planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicacao foliar do paclobutrazol em diferentes concentracoes na floracao e frutificacao da mangueira cv. Tommy atkins. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em Petrolina/PE no projeto de irrigacao Senador Nilo Coelho. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repeticoes por experimento. No primeiro experimento foram avaliados quatro concentracoes de paclobutrazol (0 ppm, 1.000 ppm, 1.500 ppm e 2.000 ppm) aplicadas via foliar uma so vez, e no segundo uma concentacao de paclobutrazol (1.300 ppm) associada a quatro concentracoes de ethephon (0 ppm, 150 ppm, 300 ppm e 500 ppm) aplicadas 30 dias apos a aplicacao do paclobutrazol. As variaveis analisadas foram: porcentagem de floracao, numero de frutos por planta e producao de frutos por planta. Os resultados obtidos para os tratamentos nao diferiram estatisticamente, interferiram nos tratamentos aplicados

A novel hanging spherical drop system for the generation of cellular spheroids and high throughput combinatorial drug screening

We propose a novel hanging spherical drop system for anchoring arrays of droplets of cell suspension based on the use of biomimetic superhydrophobic flat substrates, with controlled positional adhesion and minimum contact with a solid substrate. By facing down the platform, it was possible to generate independent spheroid bodies in a high throughput manner, in order to mimic in vivo tumour models on the lab-on-chip scale. To validate this system for drug screening purposes, the toxicity of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin in cell spheroids was tested and compared to cells in 2D culture. The advantages presented by this platform, such as feasibility of the system and the ability to control the size uniformity of the spheroid, emphasize its potential to be used as a new low cost toolbox for high-throughput drug screening and in cell or tissue engineering.The authors thank the precious help of Alessandra Zonari and Rui Domingues for capturing the confocal images. The authors acknowledge the financial support from the FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e para a Tecnologia through the Ph.D. grants with the references SFRH/BD/73119/2010, SFRH/BD/69529/2010 and SFRH/BD/71396/2010. We acknowledge the financial support of FEDER through the program Operacional Factores de Competitividade - COMPETE and from FCT - the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia under the project PTDC/CTM-BIO/1814/2012. We also thank the support by the European Research Council grant agreement ERC-2012-ADG 20120216-321266 for the project ComplexiTE

C+L band gain equalization for extended reach WDM-ring PON using hybrid Raman/in line EDFA amplification

“Copyright © [2010] IEEE. Reprinted from ICTON 2010. ISBN 978-1-4244-7798-2. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to [email protected]. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.”In this paper, we investigate by simulation the feasibility of gain enlargement and equalization on extended reach WDM-ring PON by means of hybrid Raman/EDFA amplification. The system under analysis is composed by a bidirectional pump at 1480 nm and 16 channels (8 C band + 8 L band). The simulation describes an 80 km WDM ring with 8 nodes in which 2 channels are added/dropped. The results demonstrate gain equalization with a ripple of 2.54 dB over a bandwidth of 50 nm by using a 1480 nm bidirectional pump with 1 W and spans of EDF with a total length of 22 m

Nitrogen metabolism in coffee plants in response to nitrogen supply by fertigation.

Coffee plants require high application rates of nitrogen (N) to produce coffee beans. However, information regarding plant N uptake and assimilation under intensive high-technology cultivation systems is scarce, a situation which restrains the maximizing productivity with minimal N rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate N assimilation enzymes such as nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1), glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2), urease (EC 3.5.1.5), and N compounds of coffee plants during a phenological cycle in response to N applied by fertigation. Our study was carried out with 7-year-old trees of Coffea arabica L., under a center pivot sprinkler irrigation and fertigation system, with five N rates (0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 kg ha−1) applied to the coffee field. The results of the present study suggest that both N metabolism enzymes, and the content of nitrate and ammonium in coffee were directly related to the phenological cycle. The N fertigation rates are correlated with the N and amino acid contente. Nitrate reductase and urease showed higher activities before anthesis and during grain filling. Glutamine synthetase showed highest activities during rapid grain expansion. The data also indicate that there is merit in gaining greater understanding of N metabolism in coffee plants grown under high-intensive systems. There is therefore merit in conducting further research on how monitoring the N assimilation enzymes might be used to improve fertilizer management of coffee in commercial orchards

ELISA rgp90 - metodologia alternativa para o diagnóstico da anemia infecciosa equina no Pantanal.

Como teste oficial para diagnóstico da anemia infecciosa equina (AIE), a política governamental brasileira para prevenção e controle da AIE determina que seja usado o teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) com a proteína p26 do capsídeo viral como antígeno. A Organização Mundial para a Saúde Animal (OIE) afirma que a IDGA e os testes de imunoadsorção enzimática (ELISAs) são ambos testes acurados e confiáveis, classificando os últimos como testes alternativos. Internacionalmente, há quatro ELISAs disponíveis, três usando a p26, e um a p26 e a gp45, um antígeno da transmembrana viral. Pesquisadores brasileiros desenvolveram um ELISA indireto com uma glicoproteína recombinante da superfície viral, a rgp90. Anticorpos contra a gp90 são usualmente detectados antes dos anticorpos contra a p26, e quando os níveis de replicação viral são extremamente baixos. O objetivo deste estudo preliminar foi comparar o desempenho do ELISA rgp90 com a oficialmente aceita IDGA utilizando a p26, em amostras de equídeos do Pantanal.bitstream/item/37287/1/BP93.pd

XDS: a flexible beamline for X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy at the Brazilian synchrotron

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFINEP - FINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOSCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOThe majority of the beamlines at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source Laboratory (LNLS) use radiation produced in the storage-ring bending magnets and are therefore currently limited in the flux that can be used in the harder part of the X-ray spectrum (above approximate to 10keV). A 4T superconducting multipolar wiggler (SCW) was recently installed at LNLS in order to improve the photon flux above 10keV and fulfill the demands set by the materials science community. A new multi-purpose beamline was then installed at the LNLS using the SCW as a photon source. The XDS is a flexible beamline operating in the energy range between 5 and 30keV, designed to perform experiments using absorption, diffraction and scattering techniques. Most of the work performed at the XDS beamline concentrates on X-ray absorption spectroscopy at energies above 18keV and high-resolution diffraction experiments. More recently, new setups and photon-hungry experiments such as total X-ray scattering, X-ray diffraction under high pressures, resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy, among others, have started to become routine at XDS. Here, the XDS beamline characteristics, performance and a few new experimental possibilities are described.The majority of the beamlines at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source Laboratory (LNLS) use radiation produced in the storage-ring bending magnets and are therefore currently limited in the flux that can be used in the harder part of the X-ray spectrum (above approximate to 10keV). A 4T superconducting multipolar wiggler (SCW) was recently installed at LNLS in order to improve the photon flux above 10keV and fulfill the demands set by the materials science community. A new multi-purpose beamline was then installed at the LNLS using the SCW as a photon source. The XDS is a flexible beamline operating in the energy range between 5 and 30keV, designed to perform experiments using absorption, diffraction and scattering techniques. Most of the work performed at the XDS beamline concentrates on X-ray absorption spectroscopy at energies above 18keV and high-resolution diffraction experiments. More recently, new setups and photon-hungry experiments such as total X-ray scattering, X-ray diffraction under high pressures, resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy, among others, have started to become routine at XDS. Here, the XDS beamline characteristics, performance and a few new experimental possibilities are described.23615381549FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFINEP - FINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOSCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFINEP - FINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOSCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO2009/54115-801.05.0721.00-27/0144Sem informaçãoThe authors would like to thank all LNLS staff involved in the design, construction, commissioning and operation of XDS, in particular Regis T. Neuenschwander, Flavio Rodrigues, James F. Citadini, Joacir E. dos Santos, Andre L. Mesa, James R. Piton, Sergio R. Marques and Carlos R. Scorzato. We also acknowledge Dr Agustin Picco for kindly providing the silver nanoparticles. We are grateful for the financial support from FAPESP (project 2009/54115-8) and FINEP (project 01.05.0721.00-27/0144) that covered most of the construction and equipping of the beamline. FAL acknowledges support from CNPq