Efeito de diferentes tempos de alongamento na flexibilidade da musculatura posterior da coxa

Muscle stretching is one of the most used techniques for increasing range of movement (ROM), but there is no consensus on how long it must last to increase flexibility. The aim of this study was to determine which stretching duration is most effective. Flexibility was assessed by measuring the popliteal angle (PA). Thirty mean age 21.1±2.9 year-old female volunteers were recruited and randomly divided into five groups (control, 15, 60, 90, and 120 seconds). All underwent a four-week passive stretching program at these different stretching lengths. Each was assessed as to flexibility by three clinical examiners who measured the PA. Data were statistically analysed, with significance level set at pO alongamento é uma das técnicas mais utilizadas para se obter aumento da amplitude de movimento (ADM), porém não há consenso sobre o tempo necessário de alongamento para aumentar a flexibilidade. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar qual tempo de duração de alongamento é mais eficaz, avaliando-se a flexibilidade pela mensuração do ângulo poplíteo (AP). Foram recrutadas 30 voluntárias com idade média de 21,1±2,9 anos, divididas aleatoriamente em cinco grupos (controle, 15, 60, 90 e 120 segundos), e submetidas a quatro semanas de alongamento passivo durante diferentes tempos, sendo avaliadas por três examinadores clínicos pelo teste do AP associado à ADM. Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística, com nível de significância

Confiabilidade da medição do ângulo quadriciptal

A proposta deste estudo foi verificar a reprodutibilidade intrateste e a confiabilidade intertestes da mensuração clínica e radiológica do ângulo Q. Foram avaliadas 20 mulheres (40 joelhos), com idade média de 21±5 anos, por dois examinadores clínicos e um terceiro radiológico. As pessoas foram posicionadas na mesa radiológica em decúbito dorsal com um estabilizador podálico em U, com os membros inferiores relaxados. colhendo-se as mensurações clínicas e a tomada radiológica. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes ANOVA, Coeficiente de Correlação Linear (R) e Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasses (ICC), comníveis de significância de p<0,05, R>0,321 e ICC>0,75. Na análise de variância obteve-se p=0,45 para intrateste, p=0,44 para intertestes, R = 0,42, enquanto o ICC intrateste foi de 0,81, o ICC intertestes de 0,89 e o ICC intra-sessão do intrateste, de 0,80. Considerando os dados obtidos, a metodologia proposta para mensuração clínica e radiológica do ânguloquadriciptal mostrou-se confiável, sendo comprovada sua reprodutibilidade intra e intertestes, podendo ser utilizada com segurança na prática clínica.This study was designed to assess intratest reproducibility and inter-test reliability of clinical and radiographic Q angle measurements. Subjects were 20 women (40 knees), 21±5 years old, whose Q angles were measured by two clinical examiners and one radiographic tester. Both measurements were taken on subjects laying supine on the radiography table with a Ushaped foot stabilizer; each subject was instructed to keep leg muscles relaxed. Data collected were subject to statistical analyses ANOVA, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and R test, significance being respectively set at 5%, >0.75, and >0.321. Results showed intratest p=0.44, intertests p=0.45, intratest ICC=0.81, intertests ICC=0.89 and R=0.42. These findings suggest the methodology here proposed to measure Q angle is reliable and reproducible; it may hence be used in clinical practice

Could current factors be associated with retrospective sports injuries in Brazilian jiu-jitsu? A cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Brazilian jiu-jitsu is characterized by musculoskeletal disorders and high occurrence of sports injuries. The present study was aimed to analyze some internal factors, as well as to describe occurrence and characteristics of retrospective musculoskeletal injuries in different age groups of Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners. Methods One hundred ninety-three Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners, which were divided into three age groups: Adolescent, Adult, and Master. Besides anthropometric characterization, standard clinical tests were conducted to analyze the global and segmental joint flexibility, lumbar spine range of motion, and handgrip strength. Sports injury occurrence and total physical activity were obtained from an adapted morbidity survey and International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF), respectively. Results A total of 247 cases of retrospective injuries was registered (1.27 injury/ participant). Occurrence of rectus femoral muscle retraction in the right leg was increased within Master. Adult and Master have exhibited higher occurrence of sports injuries than Adolescent group (p < 0.05). Joint injuries were the most common sports-related injuries by all Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners. While female gender and exposure time constituted the most predictive variables for sports injury occurrence in Adolescent, graduation level was more associated with sports injuries occurrence in Adult. Conclusions Joint injuries derived from combat demands were the main sports injury in all age categories of Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Master subjects presented a higher occurrence of clinical changes and retrospective musculoskeletal injuries in relation to other age groups. Female gender and exposure time constituted the main predictive factors in adolescent subjects, while graduation category was more directly associated with retrospective injury onset in the Adult group

Influence of ingaalp laser (660nm) on the healing of skin wounds in diabetic rats Influência do laser ingaalp (660nm) na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em ratos diabéticos

PURPOSE: To determine the influence of low-power laser (660 nm) on the collagen percentage and macrophages in skin wounds in diabetic rats. METHODS: 30 male Wistar rats were used, distributed in two groups: laser treated diabetic (n= 15); untreated diabetic (n = 15). The diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan into the dorsal vein of the penis, at a rate of 0.1 ml of solution per 100 g of body weight. A wound was made on the back of all the animals. Groups 2 were treated with Aluminium Gallium Indium Phosphide - InGaAlP type diode laser (Photon Laser III DMC®) with a continuous output power of 100 mW and wavelength (?) of 660 nm (4 J/cm²) for 24 s. five animal from each group was sacrificed on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after wounding. Samples were taken, embedded in paraffin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical macrophage. morphometrically analyzed using the Image Pro Plus 4.5 software. The percentages of collagen fibers and macrophages were determined from the samples from the euthanasia animals. RESULTS: The data were treated statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Post-hocTukey test. The significance level was set at 0.05 or 5%. CONCLUSION: The low-power laser (660 nm) was shown to be capable of influencing the collagen percentage in skin wounds by increasing the mean quantity of collagen fibers and macrophages.<br>OBJETIVO: Determinar a influência do diodo laser InGaAlP (660 nm) sobre o percentual de colágeno e macrófagos em feridas cutâneas de ratos diabéticos. MÉTODOS: Para tanto 30 ratos machos Wistar foram distribuídos em dois grupos: diabético tratado com laser (n=15), diabético não tratado (n = 15). O diabetes foi induzido por injeção intravenosa de aloxana na veia dorsal do pênis, a uma taxa de 0,1 ml de solução por 100 g de peso corporal. A lesão foi confeccionada no dorso de todos os animais utilizando um punch de 8mm. 2 grupos foram tratados com o diodo laser arsenieto de gálio e alumínio dopado com, fosforeto de índio - InGaAlP (tipo Photon Laser III DMC®) com uma potência contínua de 100 mW e comprimento de onda (?) de 660 nm (4 J/cm²) por 24 s. cinco animais de cada grupo foi sacrificado no 3, 7 e 14 dias após a lesão. As amostras obtidas foram emblocadas em parafina, coradas com hematoxilina-eosina, tricrômico de Masson, e para a analise dos macrófagos foi realizado um imunohistoquímico. Os resultados foram avaliados morfometricamente pelo programa Image Pro Plus 4.5. RESULTADOS: Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente pela análise de variância (ANOVA) e pós-teste de Tukey. O nível de significância foi fixado em 0,05 ou 5%. CONCLUSÃO: O laser de baixa potência (660 nm) mostrou-se capaz de influenciar o percentual de colágeno em feridas cutâneas, aumentando a quantidade média de fibras colágenas e macrófagos

Histological study of tendon healing in malnourished Wistar rats treated with ultrasound therapy Estudo histológico da cicatrização tendínea em ratos Wistar desnutridos tratados com ultra-som terapêutico

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of therapeutic ultrasound on the healing of tendon injuries in malnourished rats. METHODS: After the intended nutritional states had been attained, the animals (N=36) were distributed into three groups, named: G1(N=12), control group; G2(N=12), malnourished rats treated with 3 MHz ultrasound at an intensity of 0.5 W/cm²; and G3 (N=12), normal animals treated with 3 MHz at 0.5 W/cm². The injuries were induced by means of an operation to expose the heel tendon and crush it using Allis forceps. RESULTS: The data obtained relating to leukocyte counts, fibroblasts, vessel neoformation, fibrosis and collagen were subjected to statistical treatment using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t test. Results of p < 0.05 were obtained for fibrosis and collagen. CONCLUSION: The ultrasound was shown to be effective in repairing the tendon, even in malnourished animals whose healing process was retarded.<br>OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos do ultrassom terapêutico na cicatrização de lesões tendíneas em ratos desnutridos. MÉTODOS: Após ser constatado o estado nutricional proposto, os animais (N=36) foram distribuídos em três grupos, denominados: G1(N=12) grupo controle, G2(N=12) desnutrido tratado com ultra-som 3 MHz a 0,5 w/cm² de intensidade e G3(N=12) animais normais tratados com 3 MHz a 0,5 w/cm². As lesões foram induzidas através de procedimento operatório para exposição e esmagamento com pinça Allis, do tendão calcâneo. RESULTADOS: Os dados obtidos em relação à quantidade de leucócitos, fibroblastos, neoformações de vasos, fibrose e colágeno foram submetidos ao tratamento estatístico pela análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste "t" obtendo-se p < 0,05 para fibrose e colágeno. CONCLUSÃO: O ultra-som mostrou-se eficaz no reparo tendíneo, mesmo nos animais desnutridos e com processo de cicatrização retardado