Factores que inciden en la baja incorporación laboral a sus áreas profesionales de los graduados de la carrera de Ingeniería en Turismo de la Universidad Técnica del Norte periodo 2012-2014 en la provincia de Imbabura

Analizar los factores que inciden en la baja incorporación laboral en sus áreas profesionales de los graduados de la Carrera de Ingeniería en Turismo de la Universidad Técnica del Norte periodo 2012-2014 en la provincia de Imbabura.La investigación tiene como propósito el estudio de los factores que inciden en la baja incorporación laboral a sus áreas profesionales de los graduados de la carrera de Ingeniería en Turismo de la Universidad Técnica del Norte periodo 2012-2014 en la provincia de Imbabura, para dicho efecto se plantearon los siguientes objetivos: identificar los factores que inciden en el desempleo y la ocupación laboral ajena al sector turístico, establecer el nivel de correspondencia entre la formación académica y el requerimiento del mercado laboral de turismo en la provincia de Imbabura y diseñar un portal de empleos integrado al sistema institucional, para incrementar la ocupación laboral de los graduados de turismo de la UTN; la metodología de la investigación se fundamentó en la investigación bibliográfica, de campo y propositiva para desarrollar el marco conceptual del estudio, con la utilización de instrumentos como encuestas y entrevistas para la recopilación de información de una muestra de 43 graduados y 30 representantes de las empresas del sector turístico. Los resultados evidenciaron que existen limitadas plazas para el ejercicio de la profesión, con apenas el 34,8% de graduados que trabajan en el área turística ocasionando una ocupación ajena al sector turístico, a pesar de la correspondencia que tiene su formación académica con el perfil profesional requerido por el sector empleador del turismo. Los datos obtenidos han incentivado el diseño de un portal web como nexo entre el mercado y los profesionales para propiciar la inserción laboral de los profesionales de la carrera de Ingeniería en Turismo

Modelamiento matemático de la dinámica de dos poblaciones bacterianas termófilas y amiloliticas aisladas del volcán Chiles.

Se desarrolló un estudio que evalúa la dinámica de dos aislados bacterianos termófilos amilolíticos de una fuente termal del volcán Chiles, Nariño, midiendo su crecimiento y la hidrolísis de almidón en el tiempo. Se propusieron dos medios de cultivo para el aislamiento, Luria Bertani y otro medio adicionado con peptona y glucosa. En este trabajo se formula y analiza un modelo matemático ajustado a presa predador, con respuesta funcional tipo logístico adaptado, para predador, éste describe la dinámica de crecimiento poblacional de las bacterias termófilas amilolíticas en un medio especifico con almidón, seleccionando dos aislados y evaluando el crecimiento a intervalos de 8 horas durante cuarenta horas, por medio de espectrofotometría. Para el ajuste y valides del modelo se tiene en cuenta que la dinámica poblacional de la presa no presenta respuesta funcional debido a la naturaleza de la misma y que el modelo admite una capacidad de carga variable

Prioritizing genetic contributors to cortical alterations in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome using imaging transcriptomics

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) results from a hemizygous deletion that typically spans 46 protein-coding genes and is associated with widespread alterations in brain morphology. The specific genetic mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unclear. In the 22q11.2 ENIGMA Working Group, we characterized cortical alterations in individuals with 22q11DS (n = 232) versus healthy individuals (n = 290) and conducted spatial convergence analyses using gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas to prioritize individual genes that may contribute to altered surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (CT) in 22q11DS. Total SA was reduced in 22q11DS (Z-score deviance = −1.04), with prominent reductions in midline posterior and lateral association regions. Mean CT was thicker in 22q11DS (Z-score deviance = +0.64), with focal thinning in a subset of regions. Regional expression of DGCR8 was robustly associated with regional severity of SA deviance in 22q11DS; AIFM3 was also associated with SA deviance. Conversely, P2RX6 was associated with CT deviance. Exploratory analysis of gene targets of microRNAs previously identified as down-regulated due to DGCR8 deficiency suggested that DGCR8 haploinsufficiency may contribute to altered corticogenesis in 22q11DS by disrupting cell cycle modulation. These findings demonstrate the utility of combining neuroanatomic and transcriptomic datasets to derive molecular insights into complex, multigene copy number variants

Source‐based morphometry reveals structural brain pattern abnormalities in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is the most frequently occurring microdeletion in humans. It is associated with a significant impact on brain structure, including prominent reductions in gray matter volume (GMV), and neuropsychiatric manifestations, including cognitive impairment and psychosis. It is unclear whether GMV alterations in 22q11DS occur according to distinct structural patterns. Then, 783 participants (470 with 22q11DS: 51% females, mean age [SD] 18.2 [9.2]; and 313 typically developing [TD] controls: 46% females, mean age 18.0 [8.6]) from 13 datasets were included in the present study. We segmented structural T1‐weighted brain MRI scans and extracted GMV images, which were then utilized in a novel source‐based morphometry (SBM) pipeline (SS‐Detect) to generate structural brain patterns (SBPs) that capture co‐varying GMV. We investigated the impact of the 22q11.2 deletion, deletion size, intelligence quotient, and psychosis on the SBPs. Seventeen GMV‐SBPs were derived, which provided spatial patterns of GMV covariance associated with a quantitative metric (i.e., loading score) for analysis. Patterns of topographically widespread differences in GMV covariance, including the cerebellum, discriminated individuals with 22q11DS from healthy controls. The spatial extents of the SBPs that revealed disparities between individuals with 22q11DS and controls were consistent with the findings of the univariate voxel‐based morphometry analysis. Larger deletion size was associated with significantly lower GMV in frontal and occipital SBPs; however, history of psychosis did not show a strong relationship with these covariance patterns. 22q11DS is associated with distinct structural abnormalities captured by topographical GMV covariance patterns that include the cerebellum. Findings indicate that structural anomalies in 22q11DS manifest in a nonrandom manner and in distinct covarying anatomical patterns, rather than a diffuse global process. These SBP abnormalities converge with previously reported cortical surface area abnormalities, suggesting disturbances of early neurodevelopment as the most likely underlying mechanism

Large-scale mapping of cortical alterations in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: Convergence with idiopathic psychosis and effects of deletion size

The 22q11.2 deletion (22q11DS) is a common chromosomal microdeletion and a potent risk factor for psychotic illness. Prior studies reported widespread cortical changes in 22q11DS, but were generally underpowered to characterize neuroanatomic abnormalities associated with psychosis in 22q11DS, and/or neuroanatomic effects of variability in deletion size. To address these issues, we developed the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Through Meta-Analysis) 22q11.2 Working Group, representing the largest analysis of brain structural alterations in 22q11DS to date. The imaging data were collected from 10 centers worldwide, including 474 subjects with 22q11DS (age = 18.2 ± 8.6; 46.9% female) and 315 typically developing, matched controls (age = 18.0 ± 9.2; 45.9% female). Compared to controls, 22q11DS individuals showed thicker cortical gray matter overall (left/right hemispheres: Cohen’s d = 0.61/0.65), but focal thickness reduction in temporal and cingulate cortex. Cortical surface area (SA), however, showed pervasive reductions in 22q11DS (left/right hemispheres: d = −1.01/−1.02). 22q11DS cases vs. controls were classified with 93.8% accuracy based on these neuroanatomic patterns. Comparison of 22q11DS-psychosis to idiopathic schizophrenia (ENIGMA-Schizophrenia Working Group) revealed significant convergence of affected brain regions, particularly in fronto-temporal cortex. Finally, cortical SA was significantly greater in 22q11DS cases with smaller 1.5 Mb deletions, relative to those with typical 3 Mb deletions. We found a robust neuroanatomic signature of 22q11DS, and the first evidence that deletion size impacts brain structure. Psychotic illness in this highly penetrant deletion was associated with similar neuroanatomic abnormalities to idiopathic schizophrenia. These consistent cross-site findings highlight the homogeneity of this single genetic etiology, and support the suitability of 22q11DS as a biological model of schizophrenia

Reformacija kao proces uspostavljanja i obnavljanja odnosa s Bogom

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS)—a neurodevelopmental condition caused by a hemizygous deletion on chromosome 22—is associated with an elevated risk of psychosis and other developmental brain disorders. Prior single-site diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) studies have reported altered white matter (WM) microstructure in 22q11DS, but small samples and variable methods have led to contradictory results. Here we present the largest study ever conducted of dMRI-derived measures of WM microstructure in 22q11DS (334 22q11.2 deletion carriers and 260 healthy age- and sex-matched controls; age range 6–52 years). Using harmonization protocols developed by the ENIGMA-DTI working group, we identified widespread reductions in mean, axial and radial diffusivities in 22q11DS, most pronounced in regions with major cortico-cortical and cortico-thalamic fibers: the corona radiata, corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, posterior thalamic radiations, and sagittal stratum (Cohen’s d’s ranging from −0.9 to −1.3). Only the posterior limb of the internal capsule (IC), comprised primarily of corticofugal fibers, showed higher axial diffusivity in 22q11DS. 22q11DS patients showed higher mean fractional anisotropy (FA) in callosal and projection fibers (IC and corona radiata) relative to controls, but lower FA than controls in regions with predominantly association fibers. Psychotic illness in 22q11DS was associated with more substantial diffusivity reductions in multiple regions. Overall, these findings indicate large effects of the 22q11.2 deletion on WM microstructure, especially in major cortico-cortical connections. Taken together with findings from animal models, this pattern of abnormalities may reflect disrupted neurogenesis of projection neurons in outer cortical layers

Heritage, popular religiosity, and identities through the collective actions: the case of the population of Huizúcar in El Salvador, Central America

En El Salvador del siglo XXI, existe un interés de las localidades por conocer sus orígenes, sus historias, sus patrimonios y otros elementos que constituyen y conforman sus identidades. El municipio de Huizúcar, ubicado al sur de la ciudad de San Salvador, se ha sido identificado a través de su historia como uno de los lugares con población de ascendencia indígena de habla nahua-pipil, junto con otros municipios localizados en la misma cordillera. Dicha población, guarda dentro de su territorio y entre cada uno de sus habitantes un enorme capital de tradiciones, relatos y memorias, entre ellos la historia, patrimonio, identidades y religiosidad popular, que conforman la diversidad de universos históricos en dicha localidad. Con ello, los elementos patrimoniales de la cultura material y las manifestaciones vivas de sus habitantes, conforman elementos esenciales en la construcción de las historias locales de El Salvador.In El Salvador of the XXI century there is an interest from the locations for knowing their origins, their stories, their assets and other elements that constitute and shape their identities. The municipality of Huizúcar, located south of the city of San Salvador, has been identified through its history as one of the places with population of indigenous descent speaking Nahua-Pipil, along with other municipalities located in the same mountain range. This population, holds within its territory and each of its residents a huge capital of traditions, stories and memories, including the history, heritage, identities and popular religiosity that shape the diversity of historic universes in that locality. With this, the assets of material culture and living demonstrations of its inhabitants, form essential elements in the construction of local histories of El Salvador

Patrimonio, religiosidad popular e identidades a través de la acción colectiva: el caso del municipio de Huizúcar en El Salvador, Centroamérica

En El Salvador del siglo XXI, existe un interés de las localidades por conocer sus orígenes, sus historias, sus patrimonios y otros elementos que constituyen y conforman sus identidades. El municipio de Huizúcar, ubicado al sur de la ciudad d e San Salvador, se ha sido identificado a tr avés de su historia como uno de los lugares con población de ascendencia indígena de habla nahua - pipil , junto con otros municipios localizados en la misma cordillera. Dicha población, guarda dentro de su territorio y entre cada uno de sus habitantes un eno rme capital de tradiciones, relatos y memorias, entre ellos la historia, patrimonio, identidades y religiosidad popular, que conforman l a diversidad de universos históricos en dicha localidad . Con ello, l os elementos patrimoniales de la cultura material y las manifestaciones vivas de sus habitantes , conforman elementos esenciales en la construcción de la s historia s locales de El Salvador

Characterization of microbial communities in seven wetlands with different anthropogenic burden using Next Generation Sequencing in Bogotá, Colombia

Wetlands represent key ecosystems due to their remarkable biodiversity, ecological functions and multiple ecosystem services provided. In Colombia, there are 31,702 wetlands, 13 of which are in Bogotá, capital of the country. Despite the fundamental socioecological support of these aquatic ecosystems, a tremendous loss and degradation of these ecosystems has been observed due to anthropogenic perturbations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the status of seven Bogotá wetlands with variable anthropogenic interventions by measuring organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological parameters, using commercial kits, highly sensitive equipment, and next-generation sequencing of the 16S- and 18S-rRNA genes. Our findings describe the status of seven wetlands with different anthropogenic burden in Bogotá-Colombia where physicochemical and microbiology signals of contamination were observed. Additionally, some profiles in the composition of the microbial communities, together with certain physicochemical characteristics, may represent an insight into the environmental dynamics, where Beta Proteobacteria such as Malikia represent a potential keystone in aquatic ecosystems impacted by wastewater effluent discharges; the presence of nitrates and phosphates explain the abundance of bacteria capable of oxidizing these compounds, such as Polynucleobacter. Moreover, the presence of specific prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, such as Clostridium, Cryptococcus, Candida, and Naegleria, reported in one or more of the wetlands assessed here, could represent a possible pathogenic risk for human and animal health. This study performed a complete evaluation of seven Bogotá wetlands with different anthropogenic impacts for the first time, and our findings emphasize the importance of maintaining continuous monitoring of these water bodies given their remarkable ecological importance and potential spill-over of several pathogens to humans and animals

Prioritizing Genetic Contributors to Cortical Alterations in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Using Imaging Transcriptomics.

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) results from a hemizygous deletion that typically spans 46 protein-coding genes and is associated with widespread alterations in brain morphology. The specific genetic mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unclear. In the 22q11.2 ENIGMA Working Group, we characterized cortical alterations in individuals with 22q11DS (n = 232) versus healthy individuals (n = 290) and conducted spatial convergence analyses using gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas to prioritize individual genes that may contribute to altered surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (CT) in 22q11DS. Total SA was reduced in 22q11DS (Z-score deviance = -1.04), with prominent reductions in midline posterior and lateral association regions. Mean CT was thicker in 22q11DS (Z-score deviance = +0.64), with focal thinning in a subset of regions. Regional expression of DGCR8 was robustly associated with regional severity of SA deviance in 22q11DS; AIFM3 was also associated with SA deviance. Conversely, P2RX6 was associated with CT deviance. Exploratory analysis of gene targets of microRNAs previously identified as down-regulated due to DGCR8 deficiency suggested that DGCR8 haploinsufficiency may contribute to altered corticogenesis in 22q11DS by disrupting cell cycle modulation. These findings demonstrate the utility of combining neuroanatomic and transcriptomic datasets to derive molecular insights into complex, multigene copy number variants