Electro-Thermal Transport in Metallic Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes for Interconnect Applications

This work represents the first electro-thermal study of metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for interconnect applications. Experimental data and careful modeling reveal that self-heating is of significance in short (1 < L < 10 um) nanotubes under high-bias. The low-bias resistance of micron scale SWNTs is also found to be affected by optical phonon absorption (a scattering mechanism previously neglected) above 250 K. We also explore length-dependent electrical breakdown of SWNTs in ambient air. Significant self-heating in SWNT interconnects can be avoided if power densities per unit length are limited to less than 5 uW/um.Comment: IEEE Intl. Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), Dec. 2005, Washington D

Direito à Felicidade na Constituição Brasileira de 1988: Utopia ou Realidade?

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discorrer sobre a possível existência do direito à felicidade na Constituição Federal de 1988. Para isso, apôs-se vários estudos filosóficos acerca da felicidade, bem como entendimento jurisprudencial da Suprema Corte Brasileira acerca desse instituto, notadamente no julgamento do reconhecimento da união homoafetiva. Criticou-se ainda o fenômeno do pamprincipiologismo de Streck, tendo em vista o extremismo de seus argumentos. Observou-se que ao longo do tempo, novas reivindicações e novos direitos ganharam espaço na medida em que o Direito acompanhou o fato social. Destarte, apresentou-se neste trabalho uma nova forma de olhar o constitucionalismo brasileiro moderno através de uma aspiração legítima de felicidade e esperança pelo povo brasileiro e de seus governantes a fim de que valores supremos da Carta Magna permaneçam resguardados ao tempo em que são efetivados.  

Predictability of Arctic sea ice drift in coupled climate models

Abstract. Skillful sea ice drift forecasts are crucial for scientific mission planning and marine safety. Wind is the dominant driver of ice motion variability, but more slowly varying components of the climate system, in particular ice thickness and ocean currents, bear the potential to render ice drift more predictable than the wind. In this study, we provide the first assessment of Arctic sea ice drift predictability in four coupled general circulation models (GCMs), using a suite of “perfect-model” ensemble simulations. We find the position vector from Lagrangian trajectories of virtual buoys to remain predictable for at least a 90 (45) d lead time for initializations in January (July), reaching about 80 % of the position uncertainty of a climatological reference forecast. In contrast, the uncertainty in Eulerian drift vector predictions reaches the level of the climatological uncertainty within 4 weeks. Spatial patterns of uncertainty, varying with season and across models, develop in all investigated GCMs. For two models providing near-surface wind data (AWI-CM1 and HadGEM1.2), we find spatial patterns and large fractions of the variance to be explained by wind vector uncertainty. The latter implies that sea ice drift is only marginally more predictable than wind. Nevertheless, particularly one of the four models (GFDL-CM3) shows a significant correlation of up to −0.85 between initial ice thickness and target position uncertainty in large parts of the Arctic. Our results provide a first assessment of the inherent predictability of ice motion in coupled climate models; they can be used to put current real-world forecast skill into perspective and highlight the model diversity of sea ice drift predictability. </jats:p