17,955 research outputs found
Parallaxes for W49N and G048.60+0.02: Distant Star Forming Regions in the Perseus Spiral Arm
We report trigonometric parallax measurements of 22 GHz HO masers in two
massive star-forming regions from VLBA observations as part of the BeSSeL
Survey. The distances of kpc to W49N (G043.16+0.01) and
kpc to G048.60+0.02 locate them in a distant section of
the Perseus arm near the solar circle in the first Galactic quadrant. This
allows us to locate accurately the inner portion of the Perseus arm for the
first time. Combining the present results with sources measured in the outer
portion of the arm in the second and third quadrants yields a global pitch
angle of 9.5 deg +/- 1.3 deg for the Perseus arm. We have found almost no
HO maser sources in the Perseus arm for 50 deg 80 deg,
suggesting that this kpc section of the arm has little massive star
formation activity.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, published in Ap
Fano interference and cross-section fluctuations in molecular photodissociation
We derive an expression for the total photodissociation cross section of a
molecule incorporating both indirect processes that proceed through excited
resonances, and direct processes. We show that this cross section exhibits
generalized Beutler-Fano line shapes in the limit of isolated resonances.
Assuming that the closed system can be modeled by random matrix theory, we
derive the statistical properties of the photodissociation cross section and
find that they are significantly affected by the direct processes. We identify
a unique signature of the direct processes in the cross-section distribution in
the limit of isolated resonances.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
On-orbit frequency stability analysis of the GPS NAVSTAR-1 quartz clock and the NAVSTARs-6 and -8 rubidium clocks
An on-orbit frequency stability performance analysis of the GPS NAVSTAR-1 quartz clock and the NAVSTARs-6 and -8 rubidium clocks is presented. The clock offsets were obtained from measurements taken at the GPS monitor stations which use high performance cesium standards as a reference. Clock performance is characterized through the use of the Allan variance, which is evaluated for sample times of 15 minutes to two hours, and from one day to 10 days. The quartz and rubidium clocks' offsets were corrected for aging rate before computing the frequency stability. The effect of small errors in aging rate is presented for the NAVSTAR-8 rubidium clock's stability analysis. The analysis includes presentation of time and frequency residuals with respect to linear and quadratic models, which aid in obtaining aging rate values and identifying systematic and random effects. The frequency stability values were further processed with a time domain noise process analysis, which is used to classify random noise process and modulation type
Trigonometric parallaxes of star forming regions in the Sagittarius spiral arm
We report measurements of parallaxes and proper motions of ten high-mass
star-forming regions in the Sagittarius spiral arm of the Milky Way as part of
the BeSSeL Survey with the VLBA. Combining these results with eight others from
the literature, we investigated the structure and kinematics of the arm between
Galactocentric azimuth around -2 and 65 deg. We found that the spiral pitch
angle is 7.3 +- 1.5 deg; the arm's half-width, defined as the rms deviation
from the fitted spiral, is around 0.2 kpc; and the nearest portion of the
Sagittarius arm is 1.4 +- 0.2 kpc from the Sun. Unlike for adjacent spiral
arms, we found no evidence for significant peculiar motions of sources in the
Sagittarius arm opposite to Galactic rotation.Comment: 43 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables. Accepted by A&
Simulations of Spinodal Nucleation in Systems with Elastic Interactions
Systems with long-range interactions quenched into a metastable state near
the pseudospinodal exhibit nucleation that is qualitatively different than the
classical nucleation observed near the coexistence curve. We have observed
nucleation droplets in our Langevin simulations of a two-dimensional model of
martensitic transformations and have determined that the structure of the
nucleating droplet differs from the stable martensite structure. Our results,
together with experimental measurements of the phonon dispersion curve, allow
us to predict the nature of the droplet. These results have implications for
nucleation in many solid-solid transitions and the structure of the final
state
Green's Matrix for a Second Order Self-Adjoint Matrix Differential Operator
A systematic construction of the Green's matrix for a second order,
self-adjoint matrix differential operator from the linearly independent
solutions of the corresponding homogeneous differential equation set is carried
out. We follow the general approach of extracting the Green's matrix from the
Green's matrix of the corresponding first order system. This construction is
required in the cases where the differential equation set cannot be turned to
an algebraic equation set via transform techniques.Comment: 19 page
The Parallax of W43: a Massive Star Forming Complex near the Galactic Bar
We report trigonometric parallax measurements of masers in the massive star
forming complex W43 from VLBA observations as part of the BeSSeL Survey. Based
on measurements of three 12 GHz methanol maser sources (G029.86-00.04,
G029.95-00.01 and G031.28+00.06) and one 22 GHz water maser source
(G031.58+00.07) toward W43, we derived a distance of kpc
to W43. By associating the masers with CO molecular clouds, and associating the
clouds kinematically with CO longitude-velocity spiral features, we assign W43
to the Scutum spiral arm, close to the near end of the Galactic bar. The
peculiar motion of W43 is about 20 km/s toward the Galactic Center and is very
likely induced by the gravitational attraction of the bar.Comment: 23 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Violations of Bell Inequalities for Measurements with Macroscopic Uncertainties: What does it Mean to Violate Macroscopic Local Realism?
We suggest to test the premise of ``macroscopic local realism'' which is
sufficient to derive Bell inequalities when measurements of photon number are
only accurate to an uncertainty of order photons, where is macroscopic.
Macroscopic local realism is only sufficient to imply, in the context of the
original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument, fuzzy ``elements of reality'' which
have a macroscopic indeterminacy. We show therefore how the violation of local
realism in the presence of macroscopic uncertainties implies the failure of
``macroscopic local realism''. Quantum states violating this macroscopic local
realism are presented.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures- new version is unchanged but tightened-20 pages,
5 figure
High-resolution x-ray telescopes
High-energy astrophysics is a relatively young scientific field, made
possible by space-borne telescopes. During the half-century history of x-ray
astronomy, the sensitivity of focusing x-ray telescopes-through finer angular
resolution and increased effective area-has improved by a factor of a 100
million. This technological advance has enabled numerous exciting discoveries
and increasingly detailed study of the high-energy universe-including accreting
(stellar-mass and super-massive) black holes, accreting and isolated neutron
stars, pulsar-wind nebulae, shocked plasma in supernova remnants, and hot
thermal plasma in clusters of galaxies. As the largest structures in the
universe, galaxy clusters constitute a unique laboratory for measuring the
gravitational effects of dark matter and of dark energy. Here, we review the
history of high-resolution x-ray telescopes and highlight some of the
scientific results enabled by these telescopes. Next, we describe the planned
next-generation x-ray-astronomy facility-the International X-ray Observatory
(IXO). We conclude with an overview of a concept for the next next-generation
facility-Generation X. The scientific objectives of such a mission will require
very large areas (about 10000 m2) of highly-nested lightweight
grazing-incidence mirrors with exceptional (about 0.1-arcsecond) angular
resolution. Achieving this angular resolution with lightweight mirrors will
likely require on-orbit adjustment of alignment and figure.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, SPIE Conference 7803 "Adaptive X-ray Optics",
part of SPIE Optics+Photonics 2010, San Diego CA, 2010 August 2-
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