Fundamentals of crude oil and natural gas processing

This training manual includes term project methodical guide on the course "Fundamentals of crude oil and natural gas processing" in English. The main purpose of the training manual is to provide students the theoretical and methodological assistance at performance the term project on the course "Fundamentals of crude oil and natural gas processing". The manual contains the initial data and reference material needed to perform the calculations. The manual is intended for the students of speciality 6.050304 "Oil and gas production" in English

Holocene surface ruptures of the Rurrand Fault, Germany—insights from palaeoseismology, remote sensing and shallow geophysics

The Lower Rhine Embayment in Central Europe hosts a rift system that has very low deformation rates. The faults in this area have slip rates of less than 0.1 mm/yr, which does not allow to investigate ongoing tectonic deformation with geodetic techniques, unless they cover very long time spans. Instrumental seismicity does only cover a small fraction of the very long earthquake recurrence intervals of several thousands of years. Paleoseismological studies are needed to constrain slip rates and the earthquake history of such faults. Destructive earthquakes are rare in the study area, but did occur in historic times. In 1755/56, a series of strong earthquakes caused significant destruction in the city of Düren (Germany) and the surrounding areas. In this study we document paleoseismological data from the nearby Rurrand Fault. In contrast to earlier studies on the same fault, we found evidence for a surface rupturing earthquake in the Holocene, and we identified at least one more surface rupturing event. Our study shows that the Rurrand Fault currently accommodates deformation in earthquakes rather than by creeping. The coseismic offsets were determined to be between less than 0.5 m per event. We assign maximum possible magnitudes of MW5.9-6.8 for the Rurrand Fault and a slip rate of at least 0.02-0.03 mm/yr for the last ~130-50 kyr. The surface ruptures did not occur at the main fault trace that has a clear morphological expression due to older tectonic motions, but on a younger fault strand in the hanging wall of the main fault. Terrain analyses based on 1 m resolution airborne LiDAR data have been used to image the subtle morphological expression of this young fault zone. Georadar and electric resistivity tomography were applied to image the fault zone at depth and to test if these shallow geophysical methods can be used to identify and trace the fault zone. Georadar failed to produce reliable results, but geoelectrics were successfully applied and allowed us to retrieve slip rate estimates. Our results indicate that the Düren 1755/56 earthquakes did not produce surface ruptures at the Rurrand Fault, either because they did not rupture the surface at all, or because they occurred at another, neighboring fault.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Oxford University Press via http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv55

ДВОРЯНСЬКИЙ РІД БАНТИШІВ В ІСТОРІЇ КАТЕРИНОСЛАВЩИНИ

Встатті простежується історія молдавського боярського роду Бантиш від початкуXVIII ст. – до початкуХХ ст.The history ofMoldavian noble family Bantish from beginning XVIII c. to beginning XX c. is observed in this articl

Seismicity and seismotectonics of the Albstadt Shear Zone in the northern Alpine foreland

The region around the town Albstadt, SW Germany, was struck by four damaging earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 5 during the last century. These earthquakes occurred along the Albstadt Shear Zone (ASZ), which is characterized by more or less continuous microseismicity. As there are no visible surface ruptures that may be connected to the fault zone, we study its characteristics by its seismicity distribution and faulting pattern. We use the earthquake data of the state earthquake service of Baden-Württemberg from 2011 to 2018 and complement it with additional phase picks beginning in 2016 at the AlpArray and StressTransfer seismic networks in the vicinity of the ASZ. This extended data set is used to determine new minimum 1-D seismic v$_{p}$ and v$_{s}$ velocity models and corresponding station delay times for earthquake relocation. Fault plane solutions are determined for selected events, and the principal stress directions are derived. The minimum 1-D seismic velocity models have a simple and stable layering with increasing velocity with depth in the upper crust. The corresponding station delay times can be explained well by the lateral depth variation of the crystalline basement. The relocated events align about north–south with most of the seismic activity between the towns of Tübingen and Albstadt, east of the 9° E meridian. The events can be separated into several subclusters that indicate a segmentation of the ASZ. The majority of the 25 determined fault plane solutions feature an NNE–SSW strike but NNW–SSE-striking fault planes are also observed. The main fault plane associated with the ASZ dips steeply, and the rake indicates mainly sinistral strike-slip, but we also find minor components of normal and reverse faulting. The determined direction of the maximum horizontal stress of 140–149∘ is in good agreement with prior studies. Down to ca. 7–8 km depth SH$_{max}$ is bigger than S$_{V}$; below this depth, S$_{V}$ is the main stress component. The direction of SH$_{max}$ indicates that the stress field in the area of the ASZ is mainly generated by the regional plate driving forces and the Alpine topography

МЕХАНІЗМ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ РЕГІОНУ

Доценко О.Ю. Механізм інноваційного розвитку регіону / Економічний вісник НГУ № 3 Дніпропетровськ. 2012. – С.Розглянута структура механізму інноваційного розвитку регіону. Проаналізований сучасний стан фінансування інновацій в Україні та регіону. Уточнена класифікація джерел фінансування інноваційного розвитку регіон

The new method of liquor production with the addition of stevia

Стаття висвітлює розробку нового способу виробництва лимонного лікеру, який полягає у додаванні стевії до традиційної рецептури виробництва лимонного лікеру. В наш час актуальним є виготовлення харчових продуктів з натуральної сировини, а саме стевії. Під час створення нового виду продукту було застосовано метод комп’ютерного моделювання рецептурних композицій. В основі використовували таку рецептуру, де замінювали традиційний цукор на цукрозамінник. Найбільш перспективним є моделювання за принципом методів лінійного програмування. Метою роботи була оптимізація рецептур лікеру з новим видом сировини із використанням методу математичного моделювання. За допомогою математичного моделювання було розроблено рецептуру лимонного лікеру з додаванням стевії в оптимальній кількості 5 г. При додаванні даної кількості додаткової сировини смак, запах та колір був збалансований між собою, зберігалася правильна консистенція. Це дозволяє поліпшити якість лимонного лікеру, а також оновити його асортимент. Додавання стевії в лікер підвищує в ньому вміст білків на 0,10 %, неорганічних речовин - на 0,20%, натрію на 2%, калію на 4%, кальцію на 1,94%, магнію на 1%, фосфору4%, цинку 0,37%, міді на 0,030%, вітаміну С на 8,66%, вітаміну Е на 23%, вміст цукру в новому лікері зменшився на 7,1%. Встановлено, що додавання стевії до складу лимонного лікеру позитивно впливає на хімічний склад продукту, а це означає, що в кінцевому результаті ми отримуємо якісний продукт функціонального призначення, який буде мати лікувально-профілактичну дію. Лікер з додаванням стевії має менш солодкуватий присмак, але він не впливає негативно на смак лікеру. По іншим органолептичним та фізико-хімічними показникам лікер відповідає нормам. Такий лимонний лікер з нетрадиційною сировиною може легко конкурувати на вітчизняному та закордонному ринку.The article is devoted to the development of a new method of production of lemon liquor, which consists of adding stevia to the traditional formulation. Nowadays the production of food products from natural raw materials, namely stevia is actual. When creating a new type of product, the method of computer modeling of prescription compositions was applied. In the basis of such a recipe the traditional sugar was replaced on the sugar substitute. The most promising is simulation based on the principle of linear programming methods. The aim of the work was to optimize the formulations of liquor with a new type of raw material using the method of mathematical modeling. Using mathematical modeling, a recipe of lemon liqueur with addition of stevia in an optimal amount of 5 grams was developed. Ataddition of this amount of additional raw material taste, smell and color, wasbalanced, correct consistency waskept. This helps to improve the quality of lemon liquor, as well as update its assortment. Adding stevia to liquor increases its protein content by 0.10%, inorganic substances by 0.20%, sodium by 2%, potassium by 4%, calcium by 1.94%, magnesium by 1%, phosphorus 4% zinc 0.37%, copper by 0.030%, vitamin C by 8.66%, vitamin E by 23%, sugar content in the new liquor decreased by 7.1%. It has been established that the addition of stevia to lemon liquor positively affects the chemical composition of the product, which means that in the final result we obtain a qualitative functional product that has not only a new product but also a product that will have a therapeutic and preventive effect. Liqueur with addition of stevia has a less sweet taste, but it does not adversely affect the taste of liquor. According to other organoleptic parameters and physico-chemical indicators, the liquor meets the standards. Such lemon liqueur with non-traditional raw materials can easily compete in the domestic and foreign markets