Regenerasi Ulama: Antara Pesantren Dengan Pendidikan Kader Ulama

The existence of Islam from time to time in fact cannot be separated from the influence of the scholars who struggle in spreading the religion of Islam to all corners of the world. The struggle (jihad) of the scholars is carried out at the expense of life, property, thoughts and everything that can be fought for in order to spread the religion of Islam. It can be said that the ulama were the spearhead of the spread of Islam in the world after the death of the prophets and apostles of Allah. The presence of scholars from every era provides inspirational stories for human beings. In fact, there are certain times that are so fertile that it gives birth to a generation of qualified scholars in various branches of science. All of that can not be separated from the education taught to the younger generation of Islam either in the context of pesantren or otherwise. Therefore, the study of the existence of pesantren or institutions that gave birth to ulama is very important to be discussed. This is intended to measure the contribution of pesantren or other educational institutions in producing ulama

A Study on the Case of Kalbushan Jadev from the View of International Law

Kulbushan Yadhav Case is a unique case in which an Indian spy was caught during the operation of security forces in Pakistan in 2016. He was allegedly involved in sponsoring terrorism in the provinces of Baluchistan and Sindh in Pakistan. He confessed all the offenses committed by him which was telecasted on TV channels across the world. Kulbushan Yadhav was serving Commander of Indian Navy that confessed that he funded BLA and BRA named illegal terrorist organizations in the Province of Baluchistan while working for Indian Intelligence Agency RAW. He further confessed that he visited Karachi twice and gathered intelligence pertaining to Pakistan’s Navy. He also admitted that there are many other RAW agents like him working in He was sentenced to death in Pakistan. India denied the confession of Kulbushan Yadhav again and again. India approached International Court of Justice in 2017 which initially stayed the execution of death sentence against Kulbushan Yadhav. In the final verdict of the case the International court of Justice (ICJ) granted consular access to India and ordered review of death sentence of Kulbushan Yadhav in July 2019. India’s plea for the release of Kulbushan Yadhav was rejected. This case was contested by India Legal team headed by Mr. Harish Salve and Pakistan’s Legal Team headed by Mr. Khawar Qureshi. India’s stance was that Pakistan is denying consular access to India which is right of accused under the provisions of Vienna Convention. The proceedings of the case initiated in May 2017 and finally the case got decided in 2019. In this article we have used different spellings of the name of Kulbushan Yadhav (Jadhev) as this name is written both ways in India and Globally. Pakistan and India are neighboring countries located in sub-continent. Both got independence from Great Britain by virtue of Partition Act 1947. India never accepted Pakistan’s independence because of which it made things worse for Pakistan since the independence times. Both countries fought fierce wars against each other in 1948, 1965, 1971 and 1999. Pakistan also lost half of the country which was East Pakistan and later it becomes Bangladesh in 1971 because of the interference of India in the internal affairs of Pakistan. Pakistan came into being on the doctrine of Two Nation Theory which was given by Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal at his historic speech at Allahabad India in 1931. He was a renowned poet also known as poet of the east. According to the two nation theory there are two nations living in Indo-Pak Subcontinent which are different in their cultures, religions, morals, language and lifestyles. They cannot live together because of which there is a dire need of separate homeland for Muslims living in India. This two nation theory becomes the basis of division of India and creation of Pakistan in 1947. When Pakistan lost East Pakistan province, the then Primemininster of India Mrs. Indira Gandhi said “Two Nation Theory has been drowned in Bay of Bengal”. India has the same approach of destroying rest of Pakistan because of which it keeps sending its agents in Pakistan to destabilizing it. Kulbushan Yadhav is one of such agents which got arrested after considerable time. He was involved in sponsoring terrorism activities in Pakistan especially in the provinces of Baluchistan and Sindh. Pakistan and India are both Nuclear Armed Nations. Both the countries are well equipped with the state of the art machinery, fighter jets, strong armed forces and capability to destroy each other. There are border disputes also between both countries especially because of disputed territory of Jammu & Kashmir. If agents like Kulbushan Yadhav are not restrained from interfering in the matters of Pakistan, someday this world may become an unsafe place to live. Keywords: - Kulbushan Yadhav Case, Indian Spy Case, Consular Access Latest Judgment, Indian Terrorist Spy Case, Cross Border Terrorism by India, Indian Sponsored Terrorism DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/97-03 Publication date:May 31st 202

The East African Indian Ocean and the Security Challenges

Piracy is an ancient phenomenon practiced in many parts of the world by states and individuals to represent political authority, economic control, military strength, vengeance, etc. Global trading routes, free passage, and a dangerous threat to regional and international stability have been adversely interrupted by these illegal activities. This article is intended to study the security impacts of Somali pirates on the Indian Ocean and its implications for integral economic growth.The article also revisits the historical piracy experience on the horn of Africa and East Africa and how the regional states and the international community have come together to suppress piracy.The article further suggests that foreign military intervention is not the ultimate solution to Somali piracy; however, political and diplomatic engagement can significantly impact water-down the severity of maritime criminal activities in the Indian Ocean beyond. Regional and international communities have decisively engaged in several military operations against Somali pirates. Their offshoots on land have not managed to eradicate these groups.The paper concludes that for the Indian Ocean to be safe, navigable, and a potential economic base that guarantees smooth transportation, fishing, and extraction of marine resources, the East African Indian Ocean countries must ensure security and political stability restored in Somalia. Keywords: Piracy, global security, the East African Community, the Indian Ocean, piracy, maritime economy, maritime security DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/103-12 Publication date: November 30th 202

Singular Value Decomposition Based Image Coding for Achieving Additional Compression to JPEG Images

Computer technology these days is most focused on storage space and speed. Considerable advancements in this direction can be achieved through the usage of digital image compression techniques. In this paper we present a well studied singular value decomposition based JPEG image compression technique. Singular Value Decomposition is a way of factorizing matrices into a series of linear approximations that expose the underlying structure of the matrix. SVD is extraordinarily useful and has many applications such as data analysis, signal processing, pattern recognition, objects detection and weather prediction. An attempt is made to implement this method of factorization to perform second round of compression on JPEG images to optimize storage space. Compression is further enhanced by the removal of singularity after the initial compression performed using SVD. MATLAB R2010a with image processing toolbox is used as the development tool for implementing the algorithm

Traumatic Experiences, Cognitive Errors, and Feelings of Rejection among Internally Displaced Youth: An analysis of Operation Zarb-e-Azb

Research on children affected by armed conflict and displacement demonstrates increased risk for multiple psychological consequences (Lustig et al., 2004) including PTSD, maladjustment, cognitive deficits and psychological distress (Barenbaum, 2004). The present research was planned to examine the mediating role of cognitive errors in the relationship between traumatic experiences and rejection feelings among internally displaced youth during operation Zarb e Azb. A sample of 300 young adolescents (boys = 244, Girls = 56) with an age ranging from 12 to 16 years (M= 15.27, SD=1.20) was taken from Karak, Bannu, and Peshawar districts of Pakistan. Stressful Life Events Scale (Rehna & Hanif, Unpublished), Children’s Negative Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (Leitenberg, Yost, & Carroll-Wilson, 1986), and Feelings of Rejection a subscale of School Children Problem Scale (Saleem & Mehmood, 2011) were administered on youth. Results showed that relationship between traumatic experiences and feelings of rejection was partially mediated by Catastrophizing (indirect effect = 0.01, Sobel t = 4.50, p<.00), Personalization (indirect effect = .01, Sobel t = 3.18, p<.00), selective abstraction (indirect effect = .01, Sobel t = 4.77, p<.00) and over generalization (indirect effect = .02, Sobel t = 5.34, p<.00). Findings have been discussed in theoretical as well as cultural perspectives

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI SMP NEGERI 12 KOTA CIREBON

Dewasa ini pendidikan dihadapkan pada wacana membumikan kembali adanya pendidikan karakter. Karakter merupakan mustika hidup yang dimiliki manusia untuk membedakannya dengan binatang. Manusia yang memiliki karakter akan bertahan baik secara individual maupun sosial akan memiliki moral, akhlak, dan budi pekerti yang baik. Mengingat pentingnya karakter maka instusi pendidikan memiliki tanggung jawab untuk menanamkannya melalui proses pembelajaran. Adanya dampak globalisasi menjadi salah satu sebab masyarakat Indonesia melupakan adanya aspek pendidikan karakter. Gerakan pendidikan karakter yang dirancangkan oleh Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia pada tahun 2017 mengidentifikasi lima nilai utama karakter yang saling berkaitan dalam membentuk jejaring nilai yang perlu dikembangkan sebagai prioritas, yaitu : nilai religius, disiplin, rasa ingin tahu, bersahabat/komunaktif, dan peduli terhadap lingkungan. Karakter yang ditekankan pada penelitian ini adalah karakter religius sebagai pondasi penguat kepribadian siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan capaian implementasi program pendidikan karakter dalam pembiasaan di kelas, ekstrakulikuler maupun pembiasaan diluar kelas di SMP Negeri 12 Kota Cirebon. Penelitian ini menggunakan penerapan pendidikan karakter di sekolah karena kurang diperhatikn oleh guru kepada siswa dalam saat ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif. Pengumpulan data yaitu menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumen. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Sumber data diperoleh dari kepala sekolah, wali kelas, pendidik/guru, peserta didik kelas VII, VIII, dan IX serta perwakilan wali murid dari kelas VIII dan IX. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program pendidikan karakter telah mencapai hasil yang sangat baik dilaksanakan oleh warga sekolah dan sudah menerapakan nilai-nilai karakter yang ada di sekolah. Dilihat dari pelaksanaan program pendidikan karakter, keunggulan maupun hambatan tersebut mencapai hasil yang maksimal dalam mengimplementasikan program pendidikan karakter. Secara keseluruhan program pendidikan karakter telah memenuhi standar kriteria, namun terdapat beberapa fokus yang perlu ditingkatkan diantaranya, 1) Kepala sekolah untuk membuat SK tim pelaksana tugas pendidikan karakter, 2) Guru untuk lebih meningkatkan penerapan nilai-nilai karakter dalam kegiatan keseharian sekolah, 3) Peserta didik menjalankan program pendidikan karakter yang diadakan di sekolah dengan baik dan berpartisipasi aktif, 4) Orang tua memberikan perhatian khusus kepada anaknya

Wavelet Based Image Coding Schemes : A Recent Survey

A variety of new and powerful algorithms have been developed for image compression over the years. Among them the wavelet-based image compression schemes have gained much popularity due to their overlapping nature which reduces the blocking artifacts that are common phenomena in JPEG compression and multiresolution character which leads to superior energy compaction with high quality reconstructed images. This paper provides a detailed survey on some of the popular wavelet coding techniques such as the Embedded Zerotree Wavelet (EZW) coding, Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Tree (SPIHT) coding, the Set Partitioned Embedded Block (SPECK) Coder, and the Embedded Block Coding with Optimized Truncation (EBCOT) algorithm. Other wavelet-based coding techniques like the Wavelet Difference Reduction (WDR) and the Adaptive Scanned Wavelet Difference Reduction (ASWDR) algorithms, the Space Frequency Quantization (SFQ) algorithm, the Embedded Predictive Wavelet Image Coder (EPWIC), Compression with Reversible Embedded Wavelet (CREW), the Stack-Run (SR) coding and the recent Geometric Wavelet (GW) coding are also discussed. Based on the review, recommendations and discussions are presented for algorithm development and implementation.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, journa

Effectiveness of Nanohydroxyapatite dentrifice and fluoridated dentrifice on enamel surface roughness after orthodontic debonding: An in vitro study

BACKGROUND: Bonding and debonding procedures in fixed orthodontic treatment cause irreversible changes on the enamel surface which are important when they occur on the most resistant outer layer. Studies have shown that synthetic apatites like conventional hydroxyapatite (CHAP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) have been suggested to repair the damaged enamel, which showed different dimensions morphological characters by which their repairing properties on the enamel surface are compromised. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this in-vitro study was to assess the effectiveness of Nanohydroxyapatite dentrifice and fluoridated dentrifice on enamel roughness after orthodontic debonding. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Human premolars extracted and enamel were cleaned to assess initial surface roughness by Non contact 3D profiler. 3M stainless steel premolar bracket were placed and excessive resin was removed and stored in artificial. Surface roughness were registered again after debonding the brackets. Samples of group I brushed manually with Nanohydroxyapatite (NHAP) toothpaste and Group II brushed with standard fluoride toothpaste for 20s for 10 days. Third roughness parameters registered for these two groups. RESULTS: Data showed that there was significant interaction between the treatment and time variables for all roughness parameters between these two grops. Flouride group showed slight decrease in roughness following treatment whereas NHAP group showed a significant reduction of enamel roughness after treatment. CONCLUSION: NHAP dentifrice with the protocol used in the study showed decrease in all surface roughness parameters than the fluoride dentifrice treated group and this difference was statistically significant