Ultrafast monolithic HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of the anticancer agents, imatinib and sorafenib: Application to tablet dosage forms

Purpose: To develop and validate a simple ultrafast monolithic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous quantification of two anti-cancer agents, imatinib and sorafenib, in pure form and tablet preparations.Method: Chromatographic separation was accomplished using Chromolith flash RP-18 HPLC-column (25 - 4.6 mm; macropores, 2 μm; mesopores, 13 – 15 nm). The optimum mobile phase composition of ammonium acetate buffer (10 mM, pH 8.5) and methanol at ratio of 35:65 v/v was used. Effluent flow rate was adjusted to 1.0 mL/min and the analysis was performed at 250 nm wavelength. The developed method was evaluated for specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy.Results: The method offered a linear relationship over the concentration range of 1 - 16 μg/ml (correction coefficient, R2 = 0.9999) for both analytes. Limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1891 and 0.1888 μg/ml while limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.6303 and 0.6294 μg/ml for imatinib and sorafenib, respectively. Mean recovery was within 100 ± 2 %. The utility of the new method was demonstrated by its successful use for the analysis of commercially available tablet formulations of both drugs.Conclusion: The developed method is fast and economical, and is being recommended for routine analysis of imatinib and sorafenib in bulk drug and tablet dosage forms in quality control laboratories.Keywords: RP-HPLC, Chromolith, Imatinib, Sorafenib, Validation, Quality contro

The Road to the blend of Augmented Reality and Intellectual Capital : a Case of Data Management for Outdoor Mobile Augmented Reality

Augmented reality (AR) presents a particularly powerful user interface (UI) to context-aware computing environments in a Knowledge-based economy. AR systems integrate virtual information/intellectual capital into a person's physical environment so that he or she will perceive that information as existing in their surroundings. In a limited mobile platform we propose a framework which covers the main problems of limited resources in mobile, server dependency for data management, processing and network latency, for outdoor mobile augmented reality. This model will be a gateway to explore and apply augmented reality and intellectual capital in future with full spiri

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Artificial neural computing and statistical analysis of heat and mass transport of nanofluid flow with melting heat and thermal stratification

The melting heat phenomenon in viscous nanofluid MHD flow over a stretching sheet with variable porosity and permeability was utilized. The behavior of magneto-viscous nanofluid flow was scrutinized using the concepts of machine learning and statistics. Thermal stratification, heat source, and activation energy in the solution of tween-20 nanoparticles and an ethyl-acetate base-type fluid are examined. Brownian and thermophoretic phenomena are included. Non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via von Karman similarity variables. Dataset is generated by the 4th-order Runge-Kutta numerical method for the artificial neural network. The ratio parameter and melting parameter enhance the velocity outline, while the melting parameter and thermal stratification parameter reduce the temperature outline. An increase in the concentration outline is seen with the activation energy parameter and Brownian motion parameter both increase the concentration outline. The system's performance using metrics like regression analysis, mean squared error, and error histograms is evaluated. The impact of these factors on significant results, such as the drag coefficient and heat transfer rate, is statistically investigated using multiple linear regressions. The integration of statistical and machine learning methods is deemed crucial for enhancing understanding of complex fluid dynamics in magnetic nanofluid flows

Melting rheology in thermally stratified graphene-mineral oil reservoir (third-grade nanofluid) with slip condition

More effective and lengthy energy storage systems have been highly desired by researchers. Waste heat recovery, renewable energy, and combined heating and power reactors all utilize energy storage technologies. There are three techniques that are more effective for storing thermal energy: Latent heat storage is one type of energy storage, along with sensible heat storage and chemical heat storage. Latent thermal energy storage is far more efficient and affordable with these methods. A method of storing heat energy in a substance is melting. The substance is frozen to release the heat energy it had been storing. A ground-based pump’s heat exchanger coils around the soil freezing, tundra melting, magma solidification, and semiconducting processes are examples of melting phenomenon. Due to the above importance, the present study scrutinizes the behavior of third-grade nanofluid in a stagnation point deformed by the Riga plate. The Riga plate, an electromagnetic actuator, is made up of alternating electrodes and a permanent magnet that is positioned on a flat surface. Graphene nanoparticles are put in the base fluid (Mineral oil) to make a homogenous mixture. Mathematical modeling is acquired in the presence of melting phenomenon, quadratic stratification, viscous dissipation, and slippage velocity. Suitable transformations are utilized to get the highly non-linear system of ODEs. The remedy of temperature and velocity is acquired via the homotopic approach. Graphical sketches of various pertinent parameters are obtained through Mathematica software. The range of various pertinent parameters is 1≤B1≤4,B2=1,3,5,7,B3=0.1,0.5,0.9,1.3,0.8≤A≤1.2,Re=1,3,5,7,S1=1,3,5,7,M1=1,6,11,16,0.1≤ϑ≤0.4,0.1≤Q≤0.4,Ec=1,3,5,7,0.1≤S≤0.4andNr=1,6,11,161\le {B}_{1}\le 4,\hspace{.5em}{B}_{2}=1,3,5,7,{B}_{3}=0.1,0.5,0.9,1.3,\hspace{.5em}0.8\le A\le 1.2,\mathrm{Re}=1,3,5,7,\hspace{.2em}{S}_{1}=1,3,5,7,\hspace{.5em}{M}_{1}=1,6,11,16,\hspace{.25em}0.1\le {\vartheta }\le 0.4,\hspace{.33em}0.1\le Q\le 0.4,\text{Ec}=1,3,5,7,\hspace{.5em}0.1\le S\le 0.4\hspace{.65em}\text{and}\hspace{.65em}\text{Nr}=1,6,11,16. Skin friction (drag forces) and Nusselt number (rate of heat transfer) are explained via graphs. The velocity is enhancing the function against melting parameter while temperature is the decelerating function as melting factor is amplified. The temperature field reduces with the accelerating estimations of stratified parameter. The energy and velocity profiles de-escalate with intensifying values of volume fraction parameter

Significance of Hall current and viscous dissipation in the bioconvection flow of couple-stress nanofluid with generalized Fourier and Fick laws.

In the pump of different machines, the vacuum pump oil (VPO) is used as a lubricant. The heat rate transport mechanism is a significant requirement for all industries and engineering. The applications of VPO in discrete fields of industries and engineering fields are uranium enrichment, electron microscopy, radio pharmacy, ophthalmic coating, radiosurgery, production of most types of electric lamps, mass spectrometers, freeze-drying, and, etc. Therefore, in the present study, the nanoparticles are mixed up into the VPO base liquid for the augmentation of energy transportation. Further, the MHD flow of a couple stress nanoliquid with the applications of Hall current toward the rotating disk is discussed. The Darcy-Forchheimer along with porous medium is examined. The prevalence of viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, and Joule heating impacts are also considered. With the aid of Cattaneo-Christov heat-mass flux theory, the mechanism for energy and mass transport is deliberated. The idea of the motile gyrotactic microorganisms is incorporated. The existing problem is expressed as higher-order PDEs, which are then transformed into higher-order ODEs by employing the appropriate similarity transformations. For the analytical simulation of the modeled system of equations, the HAM scheme is utilized. The behavior of the flow profiles of the nanoliquid against various flow parameters has discoursed through the graphs. The outcomes from this analysis determined that the increment in a couple-stress liquid parameter reduced the fluid velocity. It is obtained that, the expansion in thermal and solutal relaxation time parameters decayed the nanofluid temperature and concentration. Further, it is examined that a higher magnetic field amplified the skin friction coefficients of the nanoliquid. Heat transport is increased through the rising of the radiation parameter

Brownian and thermal diffusivity impact due to the Maxwell nanofluid (graphene/engine oil) flow with motile microorganisms and Joule heating

Nanofluids have many applications in industries as well as engineering such as biomedicine, manufacturing, and electronics. Nanofluid is used for improvement of thermal and mass transmission. Based on the aforementioned applications, in the present study, a two-dimensional Maxwell nanofluid with thermal radiation effect on the existence of motile microorganisms over a vertically stretchable surface is explored. The consequence of heat absorption, the efficiency of heat flux in a porous medium, viscous dissipations, and Joule heating impacts are considered. The Brownian and thermophoretic diffusion effects have been evaluated. In addition, the binary chemical reaction is taken into account to evaluate the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) mixed convection flow. Graphene nanoparticles are suspended in so-called engine oil (base fluid). The proposed liquid model depends on the governing nonlinear equations of velocity, temperature, the concentration of nanoparticles, and motile gyrotactic microorganisms. In order to transform highly nonlinear partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations, an appropriate similarity transformation is exploited. For the solution of the present study, the homotopy analysis method-technique in Mathematica-12 is used. The fluctuation of velocity, temperature, concentration, and gyrotactic microorganisms’ characteristics for numerous flow parameters is discussed in detail. Some important fallouts of the existing study are that the Maxwell liquid parameter, Eckert number, and magnetic parameter lessen the nanoliquid velocity. But the fluid temperature becomes higher for growing estimates of the Brownian motion and thermophoretic factors. The radiation and chemical reaction parameters have declining impacts on the solutal profile. The motile microorganism profile shows a decrement in bioconvection Lewis and Rayleigh numbers. The nanofluid thermal profile is improved but the nanofluid velocity declined through the augmentation of volume fraction. Also, the coefficient of skin friction and Nusselt number are obtained versus various flow parameters

Modelling of Applied Magnetic Field and Thermal Radiations Due to the Stretching of Cylinder

In this study, a numerical approach was adopted in order to explore the analysis of magneto fluid in the presence of thermal radiation combined with mixed convective and slip conditions. Using the similarity transformation, the axisymmetric three-dimensional boundary layer equations were reduced to a self-similar form. The shooting technique, combined with the Range–Kutta–Fehlberg method, was used to solve the resulting coupled nonlinear momentum and heat transfer equations numerically. When physically interpreting the data, some important observations were made. The novelty of the present study lies in finding help to control the rate of heat transfer and fluid velocity in any industrial manufacturing processes (such as the cooling of metallic plates). The numerical results revealed that the Nusselt number decrease for larger Prandtl number, curvature, and convective parameters. At the same time, the skin friction coefficient was enhanced with an increase in both slip velocity and convective parameter. The effect of emerging physical parameters on velocity and temperature profiles for a nonlinear stretching cylinder has been thoroughly studied and analyzed using plotted graphs and tables

Analytical Solution of Fractional Oldroyd-B Fluid via Fluctuating Duct

This investigation focuses on the mixed initial boundary value problem with Caputo fractional derivatives. The studied pour an incompressible fractionalized Oldroyd-B fluid prompted by fluctuating rectangular tube. The explicit expression of the velocity field and shear stresses for the fractional model are obtained by utilizing the integral transforms, i.e., double finite Fourier sine transform and Laplace transform. Furthermore, the confirmation of the analytical solutions is also analyzed by utilizing the Tzou's and Stehfest's algorithms in the tabular form. In limited cases, ordinary Oldroyd-B fluid similar solutions and classical Maxwell and fractional Maxwell fluid are derived. The flow field's graphs with the influences of relevant parameters are also mentioned