3,315 research outputs found
Application of context knowledge in supporting conceptual design decision making
Conceptual design is the most important phase of the product life cycle as the decisions taken at conceptual design stage affect the downstream phases (manufacture, assembly, use, maintenance, and disposal) in terms of cost, quality and function performed by the product. This research takes a holistic view by incorporating the knowledge related to the whole context (from the viewpoint of product, user, product's life cycle and environment in which the product operates) of a design problem for the consideration of the designer to make an informed decision making at the conceptual design stage. The design context knowledge comprising knowledge from these different viewpoints is formalised and a new model and corresponding computational framework is proposed to support conceptual design decision making using this formalised context knowledge. Using a case study, this paper shows the proof of the concept by selecting one concept among different design alternatives using design context knowledge thereby proactively supporting conceptual design decision making for an informed and effective decision making
Inflation in Supersymmetric SU(5)
We analyze the adjoint field inflation in supersymmetric (SUSY) SU(5) model.
In minimal SUSY SU(5) hybrid inflation monopoles are produced at the end of
inflation. We therefore explore the non-minimal model of inflation based on
SUSY SU(5), like shifted hybrid, which provides a natural solution for the
monopole problem. We find that the supergravity corrections with non-minimal
Kahler potential are crucial to realize the central value of the scalar
spectral index n_s ~ 0.96 consistent with the seven year WMAP data. The tensor
to scalar ratio r is quite small, taking on values r < 10^{-5}. Due to
R-symmetry massless SU(3) octet and SU(2) triplet Higgs bosons are present and
could spoil for gauge coupling unification. To keep gauge coupling unification
intact, light vector-like particles are added which are expected to be observed
at LHC.Comment: 16 page
Proposed business plan for pilot farmer organizations: Extended project on Farmer Managed Irrigated Agriculture in LBOD Project Area of Sindh Province
Farmers' associations / Farmer managed irrigation systems / Irrigation programs / Irrigation management / Drainage / Economic aspects / Income / Operating costs / Maintenance costs / Conflict
CFD-based process optimization of a dissolved air flotation system for drinking water production
Dissolved air flotation (DAF) has received more attention recently as a separation technique in both drinking water as well as wastewater treatment. However, the process as well as the preceding flocculation step is complex and not completely understood. Given the multiphase nature of the process, fluid dynamics studies are important to understand and optimize the DAF system in terms of operation and design. The present study is intended towards a comprehensive computational analysis for design optimization of the treatment plant in Kluizen, Belgium. Setting up the modelling framework involving the multiphase flow problem is briefly discussed. 3D numerical simulations on a scaled down model of the DAF design were analysed. The flow features give better confidence, but the flocs escape through the outlet still prevails which is averse to the system performance. In order to improve the performance and ease of maintenance, design modifications have been proposed by using a perforated tube for water extraction and are found to be satisfactory. The discussion is further reinforced through validating the numerical model against the experimental findings for stratified flow conditions
Analyzing Energy-efficiency and Route-selection of Multi-level Hierarchal Routing Protocols in WSNs
The advent and development in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in
recent years has seen the growth of extremely small and low-cost sensors that
possess sensing, signal processing and wireless communication capabilities.
These sensors can be expended at a much lower cost and are capable of detecting
conditions such as temperature, sound, security or any other system. A good
protocol design should be able to scale well both in energy heterogeneous and
homogeneous environment, meet the demands of different application scenarios
and guarantee reliability. On this basis, we have compared six different
protocols of different scenarios which are presenting their own schemes of
energy minimizing, clustering and route selection in order to have more
effective communication. This research is motivated to have an insight that
which of the under consideration protocols suit well in which application and
can be a guide-line for the design of a more robust and efficient protocol.
MATLAB simulations are performed to analyze and compare the performance of
LEACH, multi-level hierarchal LEACH and multihop LEACH.Comment: NGWMN with 7th IEEE Inter- national Conference on Broadband and
Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA 2012), Victoria,
Canada, 201
Frequency of Predisposing Factor of Nausea and Vomiting After Chest Surgery Under General Anaesthesia
Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting are common and distressing postsurgical symptoms. These symptoms are of particular concern in outpatient surgery because they may require additional direct resources, such as supplies and antiemetic drugs, and may delay discharge. The objective of this study was to measure the frequency of factors which can cause nausea and vomiting under general anaesthesia after chest surgery.
Methodology: This descriptive case series evaluated frequency of predisposing factor of nausea and vomiting in patients of anaesthesia department of Gulab Devi Hospital Lahore. Questionnaire is made and patients were asked about their age, fever, previous surgery, NPO status, smoking history and hospital stay. This study included 140 patients with post-operative nausea and vomiting.
Results: In this study, 140 patients were taken in which 65 (46.43%) were female and 75 (53.57%) were male. In 140 patient 134 (95.7%) were NPO and 6 (4.3%) were not NPO, 25 (17.9%) were obese and 115 (82.1%) were not obese, 88 (62.9%) patients were suffering fever and 52 (37.1%) were not suffering fever, 80 (57.1%) were infected and 59 (42.1%) were not infected, 53 (37.9%) patients had previous surgery and 87 (62.1%) had no previous surgery, 94 (67.1%) patients had received nitrous oxide and 46 (32.9%) didn\u27t, 97 (69.3%) received volatile gases and 43 (30.7%) not received, 29 (20.7%) received ketamine and 111 (79.3%) not received, 87 (62.1%) received suxamethonium and 53 (37.9%) not received, 119 (85.0%) received propofol and 21 (15.0%) not received, 110 (78.6%) received naluphine and 28 (20.0%) not received. Out of 140 patients, there were 122 (87.1%) who were suffering from pain and 18 (12.9%) were not. 91 (65.0%) patients had gastric distention and 49 (35.0%) patients didn\u27t. Opioids were given to 34 (24.3%) patients and not given to 106 (75.7%) patient.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the nausea and vomiting after surgey under genral anesthesia is due to patient related factors in which most frequent is NPO. Drug related factors include propofol and nalbupin administration. Post operative factors include pain. In whole study of 140 patients, the most frequent is patient related factor (NPO) other than drug related factors and post-operative factors
New Lie group of transformation for the non-Newtonian fluid flow narrating differential equations
In this endeavour, a new Lie point of transformation for the fluid flow narrating differential equations are proposed. For this purpose a non-Newtonian fluid named tangent hyperbolic fluid is considered towards the flat surface in a magnetized flow field. In addition, equation of concentration admits the role of chemically reactive species. A mathematical model in terms of the coupled PDEâs is constructed. Lie group of analysis is implemented to yield the new Lie point of transformation for tangent hyperbolic fluid flow narrating differential equations when the heat and mass transfer individualities are considered. The resultant system of PDEâs is reduced into system of ODEâs via obtained set of transformation. The self-coded computational scheme is accomplished and the outcomes are reported by way of graphs. It is noticed that tangent hyperbolic fluid velocity, temperature and concentration is decreasing function of magnetic field parameter, Prandtl number and chemical reaction parameter respectively
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