A Parent-Teacher View of Teens Behaviors in Nuclear and Joint Family Systems in Pakistan

This research work tries to unveil the changing teen’s behaviors in nuclear and joint family systems in Pakistan. Pakistan enjoys the social values of joint families; and, where grandparents are very important constituent of the family, the family structure is an important component in shaping the teens behaviors. Therefore, this paper focuses the sample of parents and teachers of the teens in the postmodern urban society and tried to better point out the eminent changes in the attitudes and behaviors of teens. This study follows a qualitative approach of research that pursues a phenomenological inquiry describing lived experience of the respondents regarding teen’s behavior in Pakistan

Superabsorbent Hydrogels for Heavy Metal Removal

The superabsorbent hydrogels (SAHs) are 3D polymer networks having hydrophilic nature, which can swell, absorb, and hold incredible amount of water in aqueous medium showing better sorption ability. The sorption ability enables SAH to absorb organic pollutants, dyes, and heavy metal ions (HMI) from wastewater. Therefore, SAHs have recently got considerable interest from the researchers to be used for wastewater treatment. In order to know the swelling property and to understand the wastewater treatment in general and heavy metal ion removal from industrial effluent in particular, this chapter describes the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater in details. Thus this chapter will enable us to understand the theoretical and experimental part regarding the removal of heavy metal ions by SAH from wastewater. It also highlights the parameters of adsorption process such as effect of initial concentration of heavy metal ions, effect of external stimuli (pH), effect of temperature on the removal of heavy metal ions, and dosage studies. The synthesis of SAH and its use for removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater as well as recycling, selectivity, and effectiveness are also discussed in detail

Bionanocompósitos de hidroxipropilcelulose com nanocristais de celulose de palha de milho : interações com surfactantes iônicos

Esta tese trata da obtenção e caracterização de bionanocompósitos de hidroxipropilcelulose (HPC) com nanocristais de celulose de palha de milho em presença de surfactantes. Primeiramente, a celulose foi extraída a partir da palha de milho através de um processo ecologicamente correto que removeu lignina e hemicelulose de forma eficiente. A celulose extraída mostrou-se altamente cristalina. Os nanocristais de celulose, ou whiskers, foram isolados por hidrólise ácida com ácido sulfúrico e apresentaram forma de agulhas. A superfície dos nanocristais foi modificada utilizando-se surfactantes: aniônico, dodecilsulfato de sódio (SDS), ou catiônico, brometo de cetiltrimetilamônio (CTAB). A adição de SDS causou ordenação e arranjo longitudinal dos nanocristais conforme evidenciado por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Este efeito não foi observado na presença de CTAB. A interação nanocristal/surfactante foi estudada por espalhamento de luz e potencial zeta. Os bionanocompósitos de HPC com os nanocristais, em presença de SDS ou CTAB, foram preparados por moldagem em solução aquosa, tendo-se obtido filmes transparentes para baixas concentrações de surfactante. Todos os filmes mostraram caráter hidrofílico. Um efeito de reforço do surfactante e dos nanocristais na matriz de HPC foi observado, especialmente com CTAB, como resultado de interações eletrostáticas e micelização.This thesis addresses the process to prepare and characterize the bionanocomposites of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) with nanocrystals of maize straw cellulose in the presence of surfactants. First of all, cellulose was extracted from maize straw using an environmental friendly process which efficiently removed lignin and hemicellulose. The extracted cellulose is highly crystalline. The nanocrystals of maize straw cellulose, also called whiskers, were isolated by acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid and showed to be needle shaped. The nanocrystals' surface was modified by using surfactants: anionic, sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) or cationic, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The addition of SDS caused ordering and longitudinal arrangement of the nanocrystals. This effect was not observed in presence of CTAB. The interaction nanocrystal/surfactant was studied by light scattering (LS) and zeta potential (ζ) techniques. Bionanocomposites of HPC with nanocrystals of maize straw cellulose, in the presence of SDS or CTAB, were prepared by solution casting and the films presented a good transparency at low surfactant concentrations. All films showed hydrophilic character. A reinforcing effect of the HPC matrix was observed in the presence of the surfactant and nanocrystals as a result of electrostatic interactions and micellization, especially when CTAB was used

Emerging Risk Factors for Impaired Lung Function in Chemical Industry Workers of Faisalabad

Objective: To determine the impact, obesity and age on the lung functions determined by PEFR of healthy workers of chemical industries. Methodology:  This was a cross sectional study performed at private medical college of Faisalabad. Three days medical camp was arranged during 2nd to 4th  September 2020 after taking approval from institutional ethical committee. All relevant information including age, residence and history about chemical exposure were recorded in a structured proforma. Obesity was determined on basis of BMI grading. BMI was calculated from estimated Height and weight   PEFR of each participant was determined using Wright’s Peak flow meter.  Data was analyzed by SPSS21. Results: Mean± SD age, height and weight of the studied population was 38.85 ± 12.1, 170.07  ±12.0   and 78.12 ±12.7. lowest PEFR value was found in subjects with age range 61 to 70 years as compred to youger subjects . The mean PEFR value were significantly different  with respect to various age catagoeies with  p value= 0.000 Highest mean PEFR values were found in  taller subjects having height ≥ 180 cm and lowest values were found in subjects with height 150-159 cm,  the difference in means was statisticaly significant with p value= 0.05. Morbid  obese subjects showing comparatively  lower PEFR values in morbid obese  with significant p value =0.002. . PEFR was found to be negatively associated with age ( p- value= 0.000*)  and BMI( p value =0.001*). Our results also showed weak positive association of PEFR with height, however this relation was not found to be statistically significant (p value= 0.081). Conclusion: Peak expiratory flow rate is negatively associated with increasing BMI and age, reflecting that elderly and obese subjects are more prone to have affected lung function due to exposure to chemical

Emerging Risk Factors for Impaired Lung Function in Chemical Industry Workers of Faisalabad

Objective: To determine the impact, obesity and age on the lung functions determined by PEFR of healthy workers of chemical industries. Methodology:  This was a cross sectional study performed at private medical college of Faisalabad. Three days medical camp was arranged during 2nd to 4th  September 2020 after taking approval from institutional ethical committee. All relevant information including age, residence and history about chemical exposure were recorded in a structured proforma. Obesity was determined on basis of BMI grading. BMI was calculated from estimated Height and weight   PEFR of each participant was determined using Wright’s Peak flow meter.  Data was analyzed by SPSS21. Results: Mean± SD age, height and weight of the studied population was 38.85 ± 12.1, 170.07  ±12.0   and 78.12 ±12.7. lowest PEFR value was found in subjects with age range 61 to 70 years as compred to youger subjects . The mean PEFR value were significantly different  with respect to various age catagoeies with  p value= 0.000 Highest mean PEFR values were found in  taller subjects having height ≥ 180 cm and lowest values were found in subjects with height 150-159 cm,  the difference in means was statisticaly significant with p value= 0.05. Morbid  obese subjects showing comparatively  lower PEFR values in morbid obese  with significant p value =0.002. . PEFR was found to be negatively associated with age ( p- value= 0.000*)  and BMI( p value =0.001*). Our results also showed weak positive association of PEFR with height, however this relation was not found to be statistically significant (p value= 0.081). Conclusion: Peak expiratory flow rate is negatively associated with increasing BMI and age, reflecting that elderly and obese subjects are more prone to have affected lung function due to exposure to chemical

Gossypiboma diagnosed fifteen years after a cesarean section: A case report

Gossypiboma, a retained surgical sponge, is a rare complication following any surgical procedure and is primarily a result of human error. Such patients often have vague clinical presentations and the diagnosis often comes as a surprise. We present the case of a 40-year-old woman who had a long-standing history of lower abdominal discomfort. She was diagnosed with a gossypiboma fifteen years after a cesarean section. All general physicians, surgeons and radiologists must be aware of this rare but clinically significant entity