Outcomes of Advanced Retinoblastoma Treated with Local Salvage Treatment; a Retrospective Case Series.

Introduction: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy arising from the developing retina and occurs in approximately one of every 15,000–20,000 births. With the introduction of the intraarterialchemotherapy (IAC), the 5-year overall survival of children with RB is 99%, though in low- and middle-income countries, it rarely exceeds 35% due to limited resources and lack of expertise. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of local salvage in advanced RB. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on children diagnosed with advanced RB that had local salvage therapy along with systemic chemotherapy from January 2015 to January 2018 at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan. Results: Fifteen patients were included in the study, among these 10 were male. The median age of presentation was 20 months (range 2–40 months). Among participants, 11 patients had bilateral RB. Fourteen patients received local control along with systemic chemotherapy. Relapse disease was seen in 12 patients and 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 20%. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that centres lacking the resources for IAC should treat advance cases of RB with an upfront or early enucleation

IS JHRM Style Can Be Effectively Implemented In Developing Nations of ASIA (The Case of five Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Nepal, Vietnam,)

In this research work Impact of JHRM Japanese Human recourse Management practices were trying to implement on different countries among developing nation in Asian continent. The countries for this research study were Pakistan, Afghanistan .Nepal, Vietnam, and Bangladesh. The reason for selecting these countries among Asian continent is because of their response rate, information in hand from different sources, and most importantly their ranking among developing nation as well as their importance to international community. As all of the above mention countries facing serious threat on its national as well as international front in order to solve these problem we are trying to evaluate the importance of HR from Japanese prospective as the same circumstances were there before WWII but when there concentrate on their HR Japanese become the leading country for other nations. For this purpose we select 20 firms from each countries and data was collected through published material as well as their HDI and HR departments. In order to get more comprehensive data .A well designed questioners was sent to respective department via email. The main concept was derived from (JSM) and it is implemented to all the above mention countries.Chai square test was used for testing the hypothesis. The result shows different attributes after analyzing the data in all of the above mention countries. As in case of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh the major problems in order to implement these JHRM practices  was bureaucratic nature of government, centralized government, top to down decision making style, and institutiolized corruption are the major problem in way of implanting JHRM style. While in case of Vietnam, Bangladesh when JHRM important feature regarding Quality was investigated the results shows that although there is great desire to implement it but the main problem is lack of knowledge and no training & development concept in this regard. Hence from the current research we can conclude that although there is a chance to implement JHRM style in these developing countries but first of all we should removed all the barriers in its effectiveness. Key words; JHRM, Developing nations, Quality, Human Recourse, Asian countries

Impact of Corporate Governance Compliance and Financial Crisis on Stock Liquidity: Evidence from Pakistan

This study examines the impact of corporate governance compliance and global financial crisis on stock liquidity of Pakistani listed non-financial firms. By using a sample of 170 firms for the period of 2007 to 2016, and employing fixed effect regression model, the study finds a positive relationship between stock liquidity and corporate governance compliance, stating that more complied firms with the given code of corporate governance have better stock liquidity. The relationship of the global financial crisis with stock liquidity is negative and statistically significant, which means that stock liquidity of Pakistani listed firms is affected negatively during the global financial crisis. Conclusively, findings of the study signify the role of corporate governance compliance and financial crisis in determining stock liquidity of Pakistani listed firms, which have implications for investment and policymaking in Pakistan.  &nbsp

Comparing the Techniques for Management of Closed Tibial Fractures

Objective: The objective is to compare the radiological outcome of closed interlock intramedullary nailing versus dynamic compression plating in closed tibial fracture. Methodology: The study took place in Department of orthopedics Nishtar Hospital Multan from 9th July 2016 to March 2017. Study design is randomized controlled trials. There were 302 patients divided in two equal groups of 151. Permission was taken from the ethical committee of Nishtar Hospital. The 302 patients in age group 20-50 years of both genders meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria attending the outpatient clinic or admitted to the orthopedics department through emergency were included in the study. All the data entered and analyzed using computer software SPSS version 10. For quantitative variables like age and duration of fracture mean and standard deviation was calculated. For categorical variables like gender, malunion and infection frequency and percentage were calculated. Chi-square test was applied to compare the malunion and infection in both groups. A p value 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The 100% (n=302) patients were divided into 2 groups equally, 151 in each, i.e. intramedullary nail (group 1) and dynamic compression plating (group 2). The main outcome variables of this study were the malunion and infection. It was observed that malunion presented as 57% (n=86) and 70.9% (n=107) in group 1 and group 2 respectively. It was also observed that infection presented as 23.2% (n=35) and 37.1% (n=56) in group 1 and group 2 respectively. After applying chi-square test, it was noted that malunion associated with groups having p-value 0.012. But it was not associated with gender, stratified age and duration of fracture having p-values 0.497, 0.800 and 0.218 respectively. Similarly, after applying chi-square test, it was noted that infection associated with gender and groups having p-values 0.007 and 0.008 respectively. But it was not associated with stratified age and duration of fracture having p-values 0.565 and 0.344 respectively. Conclusion: Closed interlock intramedullary nailing has malunion and infection rates less than dynamic compression plating. So closed interlock intramedullary nailing is preferred method of closed tibia diaphyseal fracture treatment. Keywords: Intramedullary nailing, closed tibia diaphyseal fracture, dynamic compression plating

Impact of Servant Leadership on Project Success Through Mediating Role of Team Motivation and Effectiveness:A Case of Software Industry

Project management in today’s intensely competitive environment has compelled organizations to adopt project management approach for better business results. Therefore, current research study aims to investigate the impact of servant leadership on project success with the mediating role of team motivation and team effectiveness in the software industry. A field survey was conducted, using a questionnaire as a survey tool. Data were collected from 219 respondents who have been working as team members of software development projects. The statistical results were obtained using the SPSS Process macro. The results show project managers need to exhibit a servant leadership style due to its strong influence on project success, albeit through team motivation and effectiveness. The findings from this study contribute to the field of leadership and project management along with the field of information systems and software engineering.</p

A Critical Review of Capital Structure Theories

The purpose of this paper is to scrutinize and appreciate the theories of capital structure starting from theory of Miller and Modigliani (1958) of capital structure, which is also known as irrelevance theory of capital structure and also including theory like pecking order theory, trade off theory, market timing theory and agency cost theory. In addition, authors have tried to explain the theories and their contradiction with each other in detail. This paper will be an addition to understand the theories of capital structure

Bedtime Smart Phone Usage and Its Effects on Work-Related Behaviour at Workplace

The over usage and over dependency on digital devices, like smartphones, has been considered as a growing international epidemic. The increased dependency on gadgets, especially smartphones for personal and official uses, has also brought many detrimental effects on individual users. Hence it is vital to understand the negative effects of smartphone usage on human. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of bedtime smartphone usage on work performances, interpersonal conflicts, and work engagement, via the mediating role of sleep quality among employees. Using a cross-sectional study design, a questionnaire-based field survey was conducted on 315 employees who participated as respondents. The results confirmed the negative effects of bedtime smartphone usage on sleep quality. Along with it, the effects of sleep quality on work performances, work engagements and interpersonal conflicts were also proven to be statistically significant. Regarding the mediating role of sleep quality, it was empirically evident that sleep quality mediates the relationship between bedtime smartphone usage with work performances and interpersonal conflicts. The findings revealed that bedtime smartphone usage reduces sleep quality among the employees, resulting in lower work performances and engagements while contributing to higher interpersonal conflicts. The findings concluded that smartphone usage before sleep increases the prospects of employees to be less productive, less engaged, and have more workplace conflicts. The findings warrant the continued managerial as well as academic research attention, as the smartphones are now used by many organisations to run businesses as well

Nonlinearity In Inflation, A Case of Pakistan

Recent research work has shown that inflation rate is asymmetric and it is also well known that asymmetry is a non-linear phenomenon. In order to better understand this non-linearity in inflation of Pakistan, we investigate the possible presence of Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) non-linearity in inflation series. The study finds that month on month inflation series for Pakistan possesses both logistic and exponential STAR type non-linearity. Exponential Smooth transition function was proven to be more relevant on the basis of Dijk et al. (2000). Therefore, we develop ESTAR model in this paper which outperforms its linear rivals in forecasting

The impact of dumb sizing on the Motivation of Survivors

This research study examines the process of downsizing and is impact on the motivation of survived employee. It was conducted in September 2008 in different areas of KPK. A sample of 80 people was taken for this purpose. The data was collected through questioners and interview with those survived. And the obtained data was analyzed through SPSS and frequency distribution method. The average score of the respondent on the instruction of downsizing in the organization show s that mostly survived employees did not like the downsizing process. In particular they responded that downsizing is threat for their individual as well as social and economic life. Similarly the response average for health facilities and spouse education shows that they were satisfied with the health facilities and most of the respondent indicates that because of downsizing their spouse education was affected the final finding indicates that employees were highly affected in term of health facilities. Spouse education,  new job finding for those affected, social, economic conditions and living standard. While their motivation level was increased because of the fear of job lost. As in Pakistan current energy crises and unstable economic situation create very horrible situation for those who have lost their jobs. As a result an employee working in government sector does not want to loose their jobs because of the contentious unfavorable situation inside the country and consistent losses in the organization along with no effective leadership style. Key Words:    Downsizing, Social and Economic Condition, Motivation, unstable situation