The frequency of falls in children judo training

Purpose: Falling techniques are inseparable part of youth judo training. Falling techniques are related to avoiding injuries exercises (Nauta et al., 2013). There is not good evidence about the ratio of falling during the training in children. Methods: 26 children (age 8.88±1.88) were video recorded on ten training sessions for further indirect observation and performance analysis. Results: Research protocol consisted from recording falls and falling techniques (Reguli et al., 2015) in warming up, combat games, falling techniques, throwing techniques and free fighting (randori) part of the training session. While children were taught almost exclusively forward slapping roll, backward slapping roll and sideward direct slapping fall, in other parts of training also other types of falling, as forward fall on knees, naturally occurred. Conclusions: Judo coaches should stress also on teaching unorthodox falls adding to standard judo curriculum (Koshida et al., 2014). Various falling games to teach children safe falling in different conditions should be incorporated into judo training. Further research to gain more data from groups of different age in various combat and non-combat sports is needed

Fear of crime and victimization among the elderly participating in the self-defence course

Purpose. Self-defence training could enhance seniors´ defensive skills and fitness. There is lack of evidence about fear and concerns of seniors participating in the self-defence course. Methods. 18 elderly persons (16 female, 1 male; age 66.2, SD=5.86) participated in the self-defence course lasting 8 training units (each unit 60 minutes). Standardized tool for fear of crime and victimization analysis previously used in Euro-Justis project in the Czech Republic (2011) was used in pretest and posttest. Results. We explored the highest fear of crime by participants in their residence area after dark (mean=2,77; median=3; SD=0,80), lower fear at the night in their homes (mean=2,29; median=2; SD=0,75) and in their residence area at the daytime (mean=2,00; median=2; SD=0,77) at the beginning of the course. We noticed certain decrease of fear of crime after the intervention. Participant were less afraid of crime in their residence area after dark (mean=2,38; median=2; SD=0,77), they felt lower fear of crime at the night in their homes (mean=2,00; median=2; SD=0,48) and in their residence area at the daytime (mean=1,82; median=2; SD=0,63). Conclusions. The approach to self-defence teaching for elderly should be focused not just on the motor development, but also on their emotional state, fear of crime, perception of dangerousness of diverse situations and total wellbeing. Fear of crime analysis can contribute to create tailor made structure of the self-defence course for specific groups of citizens

Extrinsic feedback in martial arts training

[EN] Motor learning is a complex process, in which teacher and athletes are in the interaction

Is dojo the spiritual place in aikido?

[EN] Fighting culture as a part of the civilization is institutionalized in martial arts

Czech Version Of The Diagnosis Of Fear Of Falls In Seniors - FES-I (Falls Efficacy Scale International)

Pády u starších osob jsou v současné době celosvětově považovány za závažný problém veřejného zdraví. Jedna z hlavních příčin pádů je snížení schopnosti rychlé adaptace na měnící se podmínky. Pád je vždy zapříčiněn komplexní interakcí vnějších a vnitřních faktorů. Pády seniorů často způsobují poranění vyžadující dlouhodobé, složité a nákladné léčení. I v případě, že při pádu nedojde k úrazu, dochází k omezení hybnosti ze strachu z dalšího pádu. Zdravotnická zařízení, pečovatelské domy a další instituce se zabývají prevencí pádů. Na problematiku prevence pádů a zlepšení posturální stability je zaměřena mezinárodní Evropská síť prevence pádů Prevention of Falls Network Europe (ProFaNe). ProFaNe vytvořila diagnostický nástroj Škála účinků pádů Falls Efficacy Scale – International (FES-I) pro posouzení strachu z pádu u seniorů. Diagnostický nástroj již byl s použitím metodiky Ten Step Translation Protocol úspěšně přeložen do několika jazyků. Autoři předkládají validní překlad pro využití v České republice.Falls in older people are currently considered a serious worldwide public health problem. One of the main reasons for falls is reduced capacity for quick adaptation to changing conditions. Falls are always caused by a complex interaction of external and internal factors. Falls often cause injury to the elderly, requiring long-term, complex and expensive treatment. In the cause that a fall does not cause an injury, mobility is reduced because of fear from further falls. Health care facilities, nursing homes and other facilities are dealing with the prevention of falls. An international network Prevention of Falls Network Europe (ProFaNe) is focused on fall prevention and on improving postural stability. ProFaNe created a diagnostic instrument tool ‘Falls efficacy Scale – International’ (FES-I) to assess the fear of falling among seniors. This diagnostic tool has been successfully translated into several languages using the methodology of Ten Step Translation Protocol. The authors present a valid translation of Falls Efficacy Scale – International for use in the Czech Republic

Predictors of children´s successful defence against adult attacker

Background & Study Aim The paper is based on the presumption that the probability of successful defence of a child against an adult attacker is influenced by diversity of variables with different predictive values. The aim of the study is to find the best predictors and determine their impact on children’s chance to defend themselves. Material & Methods The research sample consisted of n=48 students (n=40 female, n=8 male) from three secondary schools. The average age was 16.6 years. Six self-defence experts performed ex-post evaluation of each video recorded scenario. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Classification trees C&RT and Logistic regression were used for analysis. Results Correlation between increasing personal score obtained by evaluation of selected criteria and the probability of a successful defence was confirmed by the high correlation rs=0.735 significance level of p < 0,050. Active defence, Escape and Technical means respectively, were found the best predictors out of the total number of six evaluation criteria. Communication and Safe distance keeping varied in the fifth position depending on the selected statistical method. Guard position was found the weakest predictor. Conclusions There are 13.88 times higher odds of successful defence when children are dealing with an adult attacker actively. The activity should be aimed at looking for an escape route as there are 7.69 times higher odds of successful defence when the child is trying to escape. Finally, there are 3.75 times higher odds of successful defence when the child uses appropriate technical means to distract attacker’s attention

The Role of a Forensic Expert in the Field of Self-Defense Under Current Legislation and Beyond

A forensic expert in the field of self-defense is a specialist with extensive knowledge in defence methods, close combat, defensive means, or coercive means. The core of the forensic expert's work in this field is the assessment of the facts of conflict situations in which physical violence between two or more persons has been used. The role of a forensic expert is to answer questions related to the parties' roles in the conflict, factors that influenced the conduct of the fight, the course of the fight and the possibility of resolving the conflict situation. Self-defense expertise is sometimes associated or confused with martial arts or combat sports expertise. This judgment is based on the assumption that most forensic experts in the field of self-defense also have experience or expertise in martial arts and combat sports. Such knowledge is an advantage for the profession of forensic expert in the field of self-defense, similar to knowledge in the field of weapons and ammunition, but it is not the same area as expertise in the field of self-defense or a condition for the exercise of this profession. The new Act No. 254/2019 Coll., on forensic experts, expert offices and expert institutes, faces professional criticism in several areas (expert duties, sanctions, division of specializations, etc.) and is likely to lead to pressure for further amendments. The article deals with these changes and the perspective in the coming years with the expert opinion of current forensic experts on the field of self-defense on the appropriate inclusion of this specialization in the future categorization of specializations