Antimicrobianos e prebióticos nas dietas de animais não ruminantes

The design of additives for animal feed or growth promoter is associated with the incorrect notion of elements harmful to food security. Many additives can have a beneficial effect on health of the animal without interfering with their nutrition, being called nutraceuticals. Many of these additives play an important role in the production of animal protein, especially in pig and poultry industry. This review will be studying two nutraceuticals, also called evaluated micro, antimicrobials and prebiotics in animal diets.A concepção de aditivos para ração animal ou promotor de crescimento é associada com a incorreta noção de elementos prejudiciais à segurança alimentar. Muitos aditivos podem exercer um efeito benéfico sobre a saúde do animal sem interferir em sua nutrição, sendo chamados de nutracêuticos. Muitos desses aditivos possuem importante papel na produção de proteína animal, especialmente na indústria avícola e suinícola. Neste trabalho de revisão estaremos estudando dois nutracêuticos, também chamados de microingredientes, os antimicrobianos e os prebióticos nas dietas animais

Human cytomegalovirus immediate-early 1 protein rewires upstream STAT3 to downstream STAT1 signaling switching an IL6-type to an IFNγ-like response

MN and CP were supported by the Wellcome Trust (www.wellcome.ac.uk) Institutional Strategic Support Fund and CP was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (PA 815/2-1; www.dfg.de).The human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) major immediate-early 1 protein (IE1) is best known for activating transcription to facilitate viral replication. Here we present transcriptome data indicating that IE1 is as significant a repressor as it is an activator of host gene expression. Human cells induced to express IE1 exhibit global repression of IL6- and oncostatin M-responsive STAT3 target genes. This repression is followed by STAT1 phosphorylation and activation of STAT1 target genes normally induced by IFNγ. The observed repression and subsequent activation are both mediated through the same region (amino acids 410 to 445) in the C-terminal domain of IE1, and this region serves as a binding site for STAT3. Depletion of STAT3 phenocopies the STAT1-dependent IFNγ-like response to IE1. In contrast, depletion of the IL6 receptor (IL6ST) or the STAT kinase JAK1 prevents this response. Accordingly, treatment with IL6 leads to prolonged STAT1 instead of STAT3 activation in wild-type IE1 expressing cells, but not in cells expressing a mutant protein (IE1dl410-420) deficient for STAT3 binding. A very similar STAT1-directed response to IL6 is also present in cells infected with a wild-type or revertant hCMV, but not an IE1dl410-420 mutant virus, and this response results in restricted viral replication. We conclude that IE1 is sufficient and necessary to rewire upstream IL6-type to downstream IFNγ-like signaling, two pathways linked to opposing actions, resulting in repressed STAT3- and activated STAT1-responsive genes. These findings relate transcriptional repressor and activator functions of IE1 and suggest unexpected outcomes relevant to viral pathogenesis in response to cytokines or growth factors that signal through the IL6ST-JAK1-STAT3 axis in hCMV-infected cells. Our results also reveal that IE1, a protein considered to be a key activator of the hCMV productive cycle, has an unanticipated role in tempering viral replication.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Mananoligossacarídeo e colistina na dieta de leitões desmamados

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of prebiotic, antimicrobial, or association of both promoters in piglets diet upon performance, intestinal histomorfometry, and total IgA and IgG serum levels, in each treatment. The experiment was carried out in commercial pig farm, one-site production, using a hundred weaned castrated males, hybrid piglets, from 21 to 63 days of age, distributed in 4 traits with 5 repetitions: T1 = basal feed + antimicrobial as conventional growth promoter (colistin sulphate, 40 ppm); T2 = basal feed without any growth promoter; T3 = T1 + Bio- MosÒ prebiotic; T4 = T2 + Bio-MosÒ prebiotic. Pieces of intestine were sampled on last day of the trial. There were no differences on performance. The duodenal absorptive mucosa surface was higher in piglets treated with prebiotic and the use of prebiotic by long term post-weaning enhanced immunostimulation. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14 and 42 days post weaning to measure total IgA and IgG by ELISA test. Fragments of tissue for histomorfometry were collected at slaughter, when piglets were at 63 days of age. It was concluded that there were no differences on nursery piglets performance using prebiotic, antimicrobial, or association of both promoters; the small intestine absorptive surface was higher in piglets treated with prebiotic, and when associated to antimicrobial promoter, was able to increase the levels of total serum IgA at 42 days post weaning, while total serum IgG levels were higher in piglets which didn´t receive any growth promoter in this high health challenge pig farm.Mestre em Ciências VeterináriasObjetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da utilização de prebiótico, antimicrobiano ou associação de ambos na ração de leitões sobre desempenho, histomorfometria intestinal, os níveis de IgA e IgG séricas totais, e presença de células IgA positivas em cada tratamento. O experimento de campo foi realizado em uma granja comercial de ciclo completo, utilizou-se de 100 leitões machos, castrados, de mesma composição genética, dos 21 até 63 dias de idade, distribuídos em 4 tratamentos com 5 repetições: T1 = ração basal com antimicrobiano como promotor de crescimento convencional (sulfato de colistina, 40 ppm); T2 = Ração basal sem nenhum promotor de crescimento; T3 = T1 + prebiótico Bio-MosÒ; T4 = T2 + prebiótico Bio-MosÒ. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas nos dias 0, 14 e 42 dias pós-desmame para mensurar IgA e IgG totais pelo teste ELISA. Os fragmentos de tecidos para histomorfometria foram colhidos no momento do abate, aos 63 dias de idade. Concluiu-se que não houve diferenças de desempenho entre a utilização de prebiótico, antimicrobiano ou associação destes em leitões na fase de creche, a superfície de absorção da mucosa duodenal foi maior, assim como observou maior quantidade de células IgA positivas no duodeno em leitões tratados com prebiótico e, quando associado ao antimicrobiano, foi capaz de aumentar os níveis de IgA sérica total aos 42 dias pós-desmame, enquanto os níveis séricos de IgG total foram maiores nos animais que não receberam nenhum promotor de crescimento nesta granja com alto desafio sanitário

Additives in piglet feed and their effects on the small intestine

Submitted by Franciele Moreira ([email protected]) on 2017-12-13T14:00:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Regis Kamimura - 2013.pdf: 3024185 bytes, checksum: d75f4278deb066540dc7434aef6cf446 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2017-12-14T10:15:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Regis Kamimura - 2013.pdf: 3024185 bytes, checksum: d75f4278deb066540dc7434aef6cf446 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-14T10:15:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Regis Kamimura - 2013.pdf: 3024185 bytes, checksum: d75f4278deb066540dc7434aef6cf446 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-13Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESGut microbiota is changed by various factors, being the diet which has the highest influence, as well as the modulating additives of the microbiome. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of growth promoting additives in the diet on the percentage of goblet cells with acid and neutral mucin in small intestine of pigs, the percent of gut cells in proliferation by the technique of immunohistochemistry by PCNA, to certify and quantify the presence of Paneth’s cells by specific staining and by immunohistochemistry, since that cell has a great importance in the immunity and in the gut microbiota. The experiment was conducted in a certified swine breeding farm (CSBF), applying the CRD (completely randomized design). Four hundred and eighty castrated male piglets were used, in five treatments, with ten piglets by cage, eight repetitions, and in the basal treatment 16 repetitions were used, being T1=basal diet, denominated negative control, T2=T1+antimicrobial agent, T3=T1+probiotic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, T4=T1+prebiotic MOS, T5=T1+probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae + the prebiotic MOS. The diet was based on corn and soybean meal plus a supplement of minerals and vitamins. There were changes with higher increase in quantity of goblet cells, calculated by millimeter of gut mucosa with neutral mucus compared to those with acid mucus and to the negative control. There were no expressive changes for cells with acid mucus. The percentage of proliferating cells in small intestine by the immunehistochemistry technique for PCNA did not show significant changes and the presence of Paneth’s cells was confirmed by special staining and by immunehistochemistry. The quantity of Paneth’s cells of duodenum changed according to additives used, in comparison with the negative control which had a greater quantity. With the addition of antimicrobial agent there was a lesser quantity. With the prebiotics and synbiotics occurred milder reduction and this suggests that immunomodulation occurred. Besides promoting a better gut health due to a healthier and more appropriate microbiota to the rearing of piglets in the nursery phase, the addition of growth promoters in feeds favors significant gains and can be recommended, since the results are compensatory in productivity.A microbiota intestinal é alterada por diversos fatores, sendo a dieta o que mais influência, assim como os aditivos moduladores do microbioma. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar os efeitos dos aditivos promotores de crescimento na dieta, sobre a porcentagem de células caliciformes com mucina ácida e neutra no intestino delgado de suínos, por modularem a microbiota e atuar na imunidade intestinal, avaliou a porcentagem de células intestinais em proliferação pela técnica de imunoistoquímica por PCNA, certificar e quantificar a presença de células de Paneth por coloração específica e por imunoistoquímica, relatos da literatura cita a ligação de probióticos com o epitélio intestinal via células de Paneth e caliciformes. O experimento foi conduzido em uma GRSC, aplicando o DIC. Utilizaram-se 480 leitões machos castrados, em cinco tratamentos, com dez leitões por gaiola, com oito repetições e no tratamento basal realizou-se 16 repetições. Sendo, T1=dieta basal, denominado de controle negativo, T2=T1+ antimicrobiano Avilamicina, T3=T1+probiótico Scchacaromyces cerevisae T4=T1+prebiótico MOS, T5=T1+probiótico Scchacaromyces cerevisae + o prebiótico MOS, foram abatidos com 65 dias de idade. A dieta foi à base de milho e farelo de soja mais um suplemento mineral e vitamínico. Ocorreram alterações com maior aumento na quantidade de células caliciformes com muco neutro comparativamente com aquelas de muco ácido e com o controle negativo. Não houve alterações expressivas para as células com muco ácido. A porcentagem de células no intestino delgado em proliferação pela técnica de imunoistoquímica para PCNA não apresentou alterações significativas, confirmou-se a presença de células de Paneth por colorações especiais e por imunoistoquímica. A quantidade de células de Paneth do duodeno alteraram-se em função dos aditivos utilizados, em comparação ao controle negativo que teve a maior quantidade, com a adição de antimicrobiano houve a menor quantidade, com prebiótico e simbiótico ocorreu redução mais branda, o que sugere ter ocorrido uma imunomodulação Os aditivos promotores de crescimento nas rações são tecnologias que favorecem ganhos significativos e podem ser recomendados, pois os resultados são compensatórios em produtividade. Além de promover uma melhor saúde intestinal em função de uma microbiota mais saudável e mais apta à criação de leitões na fase de crech