Pengendalian Intern Piutang Usaha pada PT. Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero), Tbk Cabang Manado

The Bank is a financial institution that functions to collect funds from the public in the form of deposits and then redistributes them in the form of credit. In carrying out internal control of trade receivables, what must be the center of attention is how safeguards that will be efficient and effective are carried out on trade receivables, both in terms of security that will be efficiently and effectively carried out on trade receivables, both in terms of security of physical cash gains, separation assignment, until the availability of accurate accounting records data. Internal control is all organizational plans, methods, and measurementschosen by business activities to secure their assets, check accuracy and reliability of business accounting data, improve operational efficiency, and support compliance with policies Managerial that has been determined. This study aims to determine the benefits of internal trade receivables control at PT. Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk ManadoBranch. The object of this study is PT. Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk Manado Branch located in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study uses qualitative descriptive analysis method, namely by collecting data directly from the company by observing, interviewing according to the research subject. The results of the research show that from the elements of internal control according to the COSO framework, it has been running well. Internal control of trade receivables at PT. Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk Manado Branch has run well, competent employees, and a small amount of uncollectible accounts

O universo sonoro de Plauto Cruz : obra e trajetória artística em diálogo com a cidade de Porto Alegre

Plauto Cruz gravou diversos fonogramas lançados em discos e não existem iniciativas de catalogação, registro e difusão de sua obra. Nascido em São Jerônimo, RS no ano de 1929, Plauto atuou em múltiplos meios artísticos: rádios, festivais, gravações autorais, bares e casas noturnas. Consideramos aqui a necessidade premente de organização de sua obra, priorizando a convivência com Plauto Cruz e sua família para obter dados precisos e sensíveis sobre sua trajetória artística. Assim apresentamos neste artigo os principais componentes afetivos do universo musical do flautista para difundir sua obra. Baseando-nos nas histórias de vida como a reconstituição das lembranças, as narrativas dos entrevistados e os respectivos aspectos psicossociais, buscamos recompor a trajetória artística de Plauto Cruz e do grupo de chorões contemporâneos a ele na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul.Plauto Cruz has recorded several phonograms, which were released in records, and there is no initiative in cataloging, registration and broadcasting of his works. Born in São Jerônimo in 1929, Plauto has acted in many artistic environments: radio stations, festivals, copyright recordings, bars and nightclubs. Hereby we consider the urgent need to organise his works. Thus we present in this article the main affective components of the flautist’s musical universe to spread his work, recovering his compositions, phonograms and personal documentation through musical ethnography. Taking the life stories as a base for memory reconstructions, the narratives from the interviewed people and the respective psychosocial, we intended to recompose Plauto Cruz’s artistic path as well as from his contemporary group of chorões in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul

Using continuous measurement to protect a universal set of quantum gates within a perturbed decoherence-free subspace

We consider a universal set of quantum gates encoded within a perturbed decoherence-free subspace of four physical qubits. Using second-order perturbation theory and a measuring device modeled by an infinite set of harmonic oscillators, simply coupled to the system, we show that continuous observation of the coupling agent induces inhibition of the decoherence due to spurious perturbations. We thus advance the idea of protecting or even creating a decoherence-free subspace for processing quantum information.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure. To be published in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Genera

Alternative fidelity measure for quantum states

We propose an alternative fidelity measure (namely, a measure of the degree of similarity) between quantum states and benchmark it against a number of properties of the standard Uhlmann-Jozsa fidelity. This measure is a simple function of the linear entropy and the Hilbert-Schmidt inner product between the given states and is thus, in comparison, not as computationally demanding. It also features several remarkable properties such as being jointly concave and satisfying all of "Jozsa's axioms". The trade-off, however, is that it is supermultiplicative and does not behave monotonically under quantum operations. In addition, new metrics for the space of density matrices are identified and the joint concavity of the Uhlmann-Jozsa fidelity for qubit states is established.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures. v2 includes minor changes, new references and new numerical results (Sec. IV

Harnessing Mycobacterium bovis BCG Trained Immunity to Control Human and Bovine Babesiosis

Babesiosis is a disease caused by tickborne hemoprotozoan apicomplexan parasites of the genus Babesia that negatively impacts public health and food security worldwide. Development of effective and sustainable vaccines against babesiosis is currently hindered in part by the absence of definitive host correlates of protection. Despite that, studies in Babesia microti and Babesia bovis, major causative agents of human and bovine babesiosis, respectively, suggest that early activation of innate immune responses is crucial for vertebrates to survive acute infection. Trained immunity (TI) is defined as the development of memory in vertebrate innate immune cells, allowing more efficient responses to subsequent specific and non-specific challenges. Considering that Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a widely used anti-tuberculosis attenuated vaccine, induces strong TI pro-inflammatory responses, we hypothesize that BCG TI may protect vertebrates against acute babesiosis. This premise is supported by early investigations demonstrating that BCG inoculation protects mice against experimental B. microti infection and recent observations that BCG vaccination decreases the severity of malaria in children infected with Plasmodium falciparum, a Babesia-related parasite. We also discuss the potential use of TI in conjunction with recombinant BCG vaccines expressing Babesia immunogens. In conclusion, by concentrating on human and bovine babesiosis, herein we intend to raise awareness of BCG TI as a strategy to efficiently control Babesia infection

Assessment of Babesia bovis 6cys A and 6cys B as components of transmission blocking vaccines for babesiosis

Background: Babesia bovis reproduces sexually in the gut of its tick vector Rhipicephalus microplus, which involves expression of 6cys A and 6cys B proteins. Members of the widely conserved 6cys superfamily are candidates for transmission blocking vaccines (TBV), but intricacies in the immunogenicity of the 6cys proteins in the related Plasmodium parasites required the identification of transmission blocking domains in these molecules for vaccine design. Hereby, the immunogenic efficacy of recombinant (r) B. bovis 6cys A and B proteins as a TBV formulation was studied. Methods: The immunogenicity of r6cys A and 6cys B proteins expressed in a eukaryotic system was evaluated in a cattle immunization trial (3 immunized and 3 control calves). A B. bovis sexual stage induction in vitro inhibition assay to assess the ability of antibodies to block the production of sexual forms by the parasite was developed. Results: Immunized cattle generated antibodies against r6cys A and r6cys B that were unable to block sexual reproduction of the parasite in ticks. Additionally, these antibodies also failed in recognizing native 6cys A and 6cys B and peptides representing 6cys A and 6cys B functional domains and in inhibiting the development of sexual forms in an in vitro induction system. In contrast, rabbit antibodies generated against synthetic peptides representing predicted B-cell epitopes of 6cys A and 6cys B recognized recombinant and native forms of both 6cys proteins as well as peptides representing 6cys A and 6cys B functional domains and were able to neutralize development of sexual forms of the parasite in vitro. Conclusions: These data, combined with similar work performed on Plasmodium 6cys proteins, indicate that an effective 6cys protein-based TBV against B. bovis will require identifying and targeting selected regions of proteins containing epitopes able to reduce transmission

Pursuing effective vaccines against cattle diseases caused by apicomplexan protozoa

Apicomplexan parasites are responsible for important livestock diseases that affect the production of much needed protein resources, and those transmissible to humans pose a public health risk. Vaccines, recognized as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for the prevention of infectious diseases in livestock, can avert losses in food production and decrease the exposure of humans to zoonotic pathogens. This review focuses on the need for and advances in vaccine development against the apicomplexan parasites Theileria spp., Babesia spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Eimeria spp., Besnoitia spp., Sarcocystis spp., and Cryptosporidium parvum. Together, the effect of these parasites on the cattle industry worldwide causes an enormous burden, yet they remain poorly controlled and very few effective and practical vaccines against them are available.Vaccine development is hampered by our scarce and limited knowledge of the biology and mechanisms of pathogenesis of these microorganisms, and the absence of correlates of host immune protection. More studies focused on these aspects as well as on the identification of parasite vulnerabilities that can be exploited for vaccine design are needed. Novel “omics” and gene editing approaches in understanding complex parasite biology together with advances in vaccinology will facilitate the development of effective, sustainable, and practical vaccines against cattle diseases caused by apicomplexan parasites. Such vaccines will help prevent animal and human diseases and allow production of enough animal protein to feed the growing human population in the twenty-first century and beyond