Effects of grass silage and soybean meal supplementation on milk production and milk fatty acid profiles of grazing dairy cows

Copyright © American Dairy Science Association, 2008.The effects of supplementation with grass silage and replacement of some corn in the concentrate with soybean meal (SBM) on milk production, and milk fatty acid (FA) profiles were evaluated in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square study using 16 dairy cows grazing pasture composed of ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and white clover. Each experimental period lasted for 3 wk. The 4 dietary treatments were PC, 20 h of access to grazing pasture, supplemented with 6 kg/d of corn-based concentrate mixture (96% corn; C); PCSB, 20 h of access to grazing pasture, supplemented with 6 kg/d of corn- and SBM-based concentrate mixture (78% corn and 18% SBM; CSB); SC, 7 h of access to grazing pasture during the day and 13 h of ad libitum access to grass silage at night, supplemented with 6 kg/d of C concentrate; and SCSB, 7 h of access to grazing pasture during the day and 13 h of ad libitum access to grass silage at night, supplemented with 6 kg/d of CSB concentrate. The concentrate mixtures were offered twice each day in the milking parlor and were consumed completely. Grass silage supplementation reduced dietary crude protein and concentration of total sugars, and dietary SBM inclusion increased dietary crude protein concentration and decreased dietary starch concentration. Milk yield and energy-corrected milk were increased by SBM supplementation of cows with access to grass silage. Milk protein concentration was lower in cows offered grass silage, regardless of whether SBM was fed. Dietary SBM inclusion tended to increase milk fat concentration. Plasma urea N was reduced by silage feeding and increased by SBM supplementation. Supplementation with grass silage overnight could represent a useful strategy for periods of lower pasture availability. Dietary inclusion of SBM in solely grazing cows had no effects on milk production and composition, exacerbated the inefficient capture of dietary N, and increased diet cost. Grass silage supplementation affected milk FA profiles, increasing both the FA derived from de novo synthesis and those derived from rumen microbial biomass, and decreasing the sum of C18 FA (mostly derived from diet or from mobilization of adipose tissue reserves). Milk fat concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid cis-9, trans-11, vaccenic acid (18:1 trans-11), and linolenic acid (18:3n-3) were unaffected by grass silage supplementation, suggesting that partial replacement of pasture by unwilted grass silage does not compromise the dietary quality of milk fat for humans

Deficiency in trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) increases tumorigenicity of human breast cancer cells and mammary tumor development in TFF1-knockout mice

Although trefoil factor 1 (TFF1; previously named pS2) is abnormally expressed in about 50% of human breast tumors, its physiopathological role in this disease has been poorly studied. Moreover, controversial data have been reported. TFF1 function in the mammary gland therefore needs to be clarified. In this study, using retroviral vectors, we performed TFF1 gain- or loss-of-function experiments in four human mammary epithelial cell lines: normal immortalized TFF1-negative MCF10A, malignant TFF1-negative MDA-MB-231 and malignant TFF1-positive MCF7 and ZR75.1. The expression of TFF1 stimulated the migration and invasion in the four cell lines. Forced TFF1 expression in MCF10A, MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells did not modify anchorage-dependent or -independent cell proliferation. By contrast, TFF1 knockdown in MCF7 enhanced soft-agar colony formation. This increased oncogenic potential of MCF7 cells in the absence of TFF1 was confirmed in vivo in nude mice. Moreover, chemically induced tumorigenesis in TFF1-deficient (TFF1-KO) mice led to higher tumor incidence in the mammary gland and larger tumor size compared with wild-type mice. Similarly, tumor development was increased in the TFF1-KO ovary and lung. Collectively, our results clearly show that TFF1 does not exhibit oncogenic properties, but rather reduces tumor development. This beneficial function of TFF1 is in agreement with many clinical studies reporting a better outcome for patients with TFF1-positive breast primary tumors

Nature meets nurture: molecular genetics of gastric cancer

The immensity of genes and molecules implicated in gastric carcinogenesis is overwhelming and the relevant importance of some of these molecules is too often unclear. This review serves to bring us up-to-date with the latest findings as well as to look at the larger picture in terms of how to tackle the problem of solving this multi-piece puzzle. In this review, the environmental nurturing of intestinal cancer is discussed, beginning with epidemiology (known causative factors for inducing molecular change), an update of H. pylori research, including the role of inflammation and stem cells in premalignant lesions. The role of E-cadherin in the nature (genotype) of diffuse gastric cancer is highlighted, and finally the ever growing discipline of SNP analysis (including IL1B) is discussed

Caesarean Section Surgical Site Infection and Associated Personal Patient Risk Factors: An Integrative Review

Post-operative caesarean section surgical site infection (SSI) are associated with various complications, cost, extended hospital stay and can negatively impact on the life of new mothers, their babies and their families (Berríos-Torres et al., 2017; Mangram et al.,1999). A substantial number of literature on the prevention of SSI addressing various risk factors identified in these phases exist globally. However, it is not known whether extensive high quality evidence on the association of personal patient risk factors to SSI development exist. Thus, an integrative review was conducted to critically evaluate published research material on caesarean section surgical site infection and associated personal patient risk factors and to provide nursing recommendations that relate to this area of practice. Forty-six peer-reviewed publications met the inclusion criteria for full-text review. Twenty out of the 46 studies scored highly on quality. These studies supported an association between caesarean section surgical site infection and at least one of the following identified risk factors - age, obesity, smoking and diabetes mellitus. However, only one of the researches studied cultural practices and its association with caesarean section SSI. In conclusion, evidence regarding the association of personal patient risk factors such as age, obesity, smoking and diabetes mellitus to caesarean section surgical site infection is inadequate. Even more scarce are studies that evaluate the association of cultural practices to caesarean section surgical site infection.trueUS

Numerical methods for post-formed timber gridshells: Simulation of the forming process and assessment of R-Funicularity

A nonlinear staged construction analysis is adopted here to simulate the forming process of timber gridshell. In this respect, particular attention is paid to the modelling of the cylindrical joints connecting the orthogonal laths. Cylindrical joints enable the initially flat lattice to be formed into a doubly curved gridshell shape; therefore, accurate modelling of the joints’ mechanical behaviour is a crucial aspect when simulating the forming process of timber gridshells. Another important parameter influencing the gridshell shape is the orientation of laths making up the initially flat lattice. Using an equivalent continuum definition, the final geometry of the gridshells, obtained from different laths orientations, is analysed in here to assess how laths orientation affects the structural shape in terms of funicularity. The Relaxed Funicularity Ellipse method presented in Gabriele et al. (2018) is used for such purpose

Evidence Of Muscle Role Over The Cranio-facial Skull Development In Angle's Class Iii Dental Malocclusion Under The Clinical Rest Position

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between masseter muscle activity and cephalometric measures in Angle's class III dental malocclusion under the clinical rest position. Methods: Eight volunteers, both sex, age 7-12, were submitted to an electromyographic analysis of the masseter muscle, subdivided in the upper, medium and lower regions, and to a cephalometric analysis of 15 angle and linear measurements. After normalization, the data was subjected to a statistical, non-parametric Spearman correlation test, by means of the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: Statistically significant correlations were observed between the clinical rest condition before and after the execution of exercises (a serie of mandibular movements), and the cephalometric measurements angle SN. GoGn, angle SNA, angle SNB, angle SND, upper incisive. NA angle, upper incisive-NA distance, lower incisive. NB angle, lower incisive-NB distance and angle IMPA, and the different regions of the masseter muscle. Conclusions: The significant statistical correlation found between the cephalometric analysis and the function of the masseter muscle indicate a strong influence of the musculature under a clinical rest condition over the cranial-facial development in the Angle's class III dental malocclusion. There is a selective activity of the different regions of the masseter muscle under the clinical rest condition in the Angle's class III dental malocclusion. There is a demand for research to complement these findings in other classes of dental malocclusion.488335341THE GLOSSARY of prosthodontic terms (2005) J Prosthet Dent, 94 (1), pp. 10-92. , Jul, pAHLGREN, J.G., INGERVALL, B.F., THILANDER, B.L., Muscle activity in normal and postnormal occlusion (1973) Am J Orthod, 64 (5), pp. 445-456. , Nov, pE.M.: Classification of malocclusion (1899) Dental Cosmos, 41, pp. 248-264. , ANGLE, Philadelphia, vANTONINI, G., COLANTONIO, L., MACRETTI, N., LENZI, G.L., Electromyographic findings in Class II division 2 and Class III malocclusions (1990) Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol, 30 (1), pp. 27-30. , Jan, pBAKKE, M. Mandibular elevator muscles: Physiology, action, and effect of dental occlusion. Scand J Dent Res, 1993, v. 101, n. 5, Oct, p. 314-331CHRISTENSEN, L.V., RADUE, J.T., Lateral preference in mastication: An electromyographic study (1985) J Oral Rehabil, 12 (5), pp. 429-434. , Sep, pERIKSSON, P.O., THORNELL, L.E., Histochemical and morphological muscle-fibre characteristics of the human masseter, the medial pterygoid and the temporal muscles (1983) Arch Oral Biol, 28 (9), pp. 781-795Relation to extrafusal fibre-type composition in muscle-spindle structure and location in the human masseter muscle. Arch Oral Biol, 1987, v. 32, n. 7, p. 483-491GREENFIELD, B.E., WYKE, B.D., Electromyographic studies of some of the muscles of mastication. I. Temporal and masseter activity in various jaw movements in normal subjects (1956) British Dental Journal, 100 (5), pp. 129-143. , LondonHIROSE, K.: [The study of the relationships between the masticatory muscles activity and the craniofacial morphology in mandibular prognathism]. Shigaku, 1990, v. 78, n. 1, Jun, p. 49-62JANKELSON, R.R.: Clinical Electromyography. In: Neuromuscular dental diagnosis and treatment. St. Louis: Ishiaku EuroAmerica, 1990. cap. 3, p. 97-174JULIEN, K.C., BUSCHANG, P.H., THROCKMORTON, G.S. and DECHOW, P.C.: Normal masticatory performance in young adults and children. Arch Oral Biol, 1996, v. 41, n. 1, Jan, p. 69-75KANAYAMA, T., MINOWA, K., INOUE, N., YAMAGUCHI, T., YOSHIDA, S., KAWASAKI, T., Regional differences of metabolism in human masseter muscle by two-dimensional 31P-chemical shift imaging (2000) J Dent Res, 79 (1), pp. 85-89. , Jan, pKAYUKAWA, H.: Malocclusion andAmasticatory muscle activity: a comparison of four types of malocclusion. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 1992, v. 16, n. 3, Spring, p. 162-177KÖNIG, J.R.: B. Morphofunctional study of the masseter muscle. Electromyographic analisis. 1967. Thesis (Doctorate) - Bio-medical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 1967KONNO, M., SATO, K., MITO, T., MITANI, H., Relationship between the direction of mandibular growth and masseter muscle conduction velocity (2005) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 128 (1), pp. 35-43. , Jul, p, discussion 43-34KORFAGE, J.A., BRUGMAN, P., VAN EIJDEN, T.M., Intermuscular and intramuscular differences in myosin heavy chain composition of the human masticatory muscles (2000) J Neurol Sci, 178 (2), pp. 95-106. , Sep 15, pLASH, H.: Benign Masseteric Hypertrophy. Surg Clin North Am, 1963, v. 43, Oct, p. 1357-1361LOWE, A.A., TAKADA, K., Associations between anterior temporal, masseter, and orbicularis oris muscle activity and craniofacial morphology in children (1984) Am J Orthod, 86 (4), pp. 319-330. , Oct, pLOWE, A.A., TAKADA, K., TAYLOR, L.M., Muscle activity during function and its correlation with craniofacial morphology in a sample of subjects with Class II, Division 1 malocclusions (1983) Am J Orthod, 84 (3), pp. 204-211. , Sep, pMACDOUGALL, J.D., ANDREW, B.L., An electromyographic study of the temporalis and masseter muscles (1953) J Anat, 87 (1), pp. 37-45. , Jan, pMIOCHE, L., BOURDIOL, P., MARTIN, J.F., NOEL, Y., Variations in human masseter and temporalis muscle activity related to food texture during free and side-imposed mastication (1999) Arch Oral Biol, 44 (12), pp. 1005-1012. , Dec, pE.: The chewing apparatus. An electromyographic study of the action of the muscles of mastication and its correlation with facial morphology (1966) Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 69, pp. 9-229. , suppl. 280, MØLLER, StockholmMORIMITSU, T., NOKUBI, T., NAGASHIMA, T., YOSHIDA, M., IKEBE, K., OKUNO, Y., Relationship between orofaciocranial morphologic factors and electromyographic activities of the masticatory muscles] (1989) Nihon Ago Kansetsu Gakkai Zasshi, 1 (1), pp. 162-171MOYERS, R.E.: Temporomandibular muscle contraction patterns in Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusionsan electromyographic analysis. Am J Orthod, 1949, v. 35, n. 11, Nov, p. 837-857MOYERS, R.E.: An electromyographic analysis of certain muscles involved in temporomandibular movement. Am J Orthod, 1950, v. 36, n. 7, Jul, p. 481-515PALOMARI-TOBO, E.T.: Electromyographic study of the upper, medium and lower regions of the masseter muscle in individuals suffering from Angle's class II malocclusion. 1996. Thesis (Doctorate) - Odonthology College of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, 1996PALOMARI-TOBO, E.T. VITTI, M. and BARROS, S.: Electromyography of the masseter muscle in cases of normal occlusion and malocclusion class I. Magzine of the Association of Dental Surgeons of São Paulo, São Paulo, 1996, v. 50, n. 1, p. 25-30PANCHERZ, H.: Activity of the temporal and masseter muscles in class II, division 1 malocclusions. An electromyographic investigation. Am J Orthod, 1980, v. 77, n. 6, Jun, p. 679-688QUIRCH, J.S.: Interpretation of electromyographic readings in relation to occlusion. Magazine from the Argentinian Odonthological Association, Buenos Aires, 1965, v. 53, n. 9, p. 307-312QUIRCH, J.S.: Action of the occlusal adjustment over some mandibular muscles. Magazine from the Argentinian Odonthological Association, Buenos Aires, 1966, v. 54, n. 5, p. 173-178RAEZ, M.B., HUSSAIN, M.S., MOHD-YASIN, F., Techniques of EMG signal analysis: Detection, processing, classification and applications (2006) Biol Proced Online, 8, pp. 11-35RANDOW, K., CARLSSON, K., EDLUND, J., OBERG, T., The effect of an occlusal interference on the masticatory system. An experimental investigation (1976) Odontol Revy, 27 (4), pp. 245-256SHTAU, Y.Y., PENG, C.C., HSU, C.W., Evaluation of biting performance with standardized test-foods (1999) J Oral Rehabil, 26 (5), pp. 447-452. , May, pSPOSTO, M.R., SEDENHO, N., FERREIRA, B.A., ACETOZE, P.A., Bilateral hipertrophy of the masseter muscle (1983) Modern Dentist, 10 (11-12), pp. 31-34. , São PauloSTALBERG, E., ERIKSSON, P.O., ANTONI, L., THORNELL, L.E., Electrophysiological study of size and fibre distribution of motor units in the human masseter and temporal muscles (1986) Arch Oral Biol, 31 (8), pp. 521-527TRIOLA, M.F.: Correlaltion and Regression. In: Introduction to Statistics. 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Experimental and numerical analysis of two-layer composite beams

Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Mecânica: Manutenção e ProduçãoComposite materials have played an important role in many applications from different fields in engineering practice. Due to their mechanical properties and the possibility of being designed for a specific purpose, layered beams, in particular, have been of enormous interest for several decades. The use of this type of materials is becoming more frequent. The fact that they present optimized mechanical properties from the combination of different materials is the key factor that justifies the demand for the most varied industries. Due to this demand, it is convenient that in the design process, the parameters are evaluated to obtain capable structures according to their purpose. Thus, it is useful to investigate both experimental and numerical mechanical behaviour of the layer set, considering the layers interaction, their geometry and their mechanical properties. Among the several methods to perform this type of evaluation, the bending test is widely used in most cases. The aim of this work is to study experimentally and numerically the mechanical behaviour of laminated beams composed by two-layers connected by an adhesive. Three different material configurations (steel-aluminium, steel-polymer and aluminium-polymer) and two adhesives of different nature were considered for evaluation. Different layer thicknesses were presented according to the considered material. Results were generated from two different analysis methods. Firstly by a numerical approach, namely by an available equilibrium FEM model. Secondly, a three-point bending test was performed to obtain the experimental results. The concerned equilibrium FEM numerical model is based on Timoshenko’s assumptions or First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT), so the shear effect in the interlayer slip is taken into account. All the manipulation and analysis made to laminated composite beams will be considered within the linear elastic regime. The results show, on the one hand, the ability of the numerical model predict with some accuracy the mechanical behaviour of laminated composite beams. On the other hand, the origin of more relevant errors in the case of epoxy bonded beams, due to the impossibility to evaluate the mechanical parameters of the adhesive assumed by the model.Os materiais compósitos têm desempenhado um papel importante em muitas aplicações de diferentes áreas na prática de engenharia. Devido às suas propriedades mecânicas e à possibilidade de serem projetadas para uma finalidade específica, as vigas laminadas em particular são de enorme interesse há várias décadas. O uso deste tipo de materiais é cada vez mais frequente. O facto de apresentarem propriedades mecânicas optimizadas provenientes da combinação de diferentes materiais é o factor-chave que justifica a procura existente pelas mais variadas indústrias. Devido a esta procura é conveniente que na fase de projeto sejam avaliados parâmetros mecânicos, de maneira a obter estruturas capazes consoante a sua finalidade. Desta forma, torna-se útil a investigação tanto experimental como numérica do comportamento mecânico do conjunto de camadas, tendo em consideração a interação das camadas, a sua geometria e as suas propriedades mecânicas. De entre os vários processos para efetuar a análise experimental, o ensaio de flexão é amplamente utilizado na maioria dos casos. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar experimentalmente e numericamente o comportamento mecânico de vigas laminadas compósitas ligadas por um adesivo. Três configurações distintas de materiais (aço-alumínio, aço-polímero e alumínio-polímero) e dois adesivos de natureza diferente foram considerados para avaliação. Diferentes espessuras de camadas foram apresentadas de acordo com o material considerado. Os resultados foram gerados a partir de dois métodos de análise diferentes. Em primeiro lugar por uma abordagem numérica, nomeadamente por um modelo de equilíbrio FEM disponível. Em segundo lugar, realizou-se um ensaio de flexão de três pontos para a obtenção dos resultados experimentais. O modelo numérico de equilíbrio FEM em questão é baseado nas considerações de Timoshenko ou Teoria da Deformação de Corte de Primeira-ordem (FSDT), de maneira que o efeito de corte entre camadas seja levado em consideração. Toda a manipulação e análise feitas nas vigas laminadas compósitas serão consideradas dentro do regime linear elástico. Os resultados mostram, por um lado, a capacidade do modelo numérico conseguir prever, com algum rigor, o comportamento mecânico das vigas laminadas compósitas. Por outro lado, a origem de erros mais relevantes no caso das vigas ligadas com resina epoxy, devido à impossibilidade de avaliar os paraˆmetros mecânicos do adesivo assumidos pelo modelo.N/

Electromyographic Analysis Of The Upper And Lower Fascicles Of The Orbicular Oris Muscle, In Edentulous Patients, Before And After Complete Denture Implantation

The orbicular oris muscle, including its upper and lower fascicles, the alveolar processes and dental arches, constitute a complex morpho-functional system, located in the lower third of the face, which is very important for the clinical determination of the occlusal vertical dimension. Any alteration of this system, as in the case of edentulous patients, might produce esthetic problems and alterations in the muscular tonicity. This study was aimed to evaluate the electromyographic behaviour of that musculature in patients while pronouncing the syllables PAH, BAH, MAN, SAH, FAH, VAN, MEE, and the word MISSISSIPI. Edentulous patients were submitted to electromyographic tests under two clinical conditions: before and after the implantation of complete dentures. A K6-I EMG Light Channel Surface Electromyograph was utilized (Myo-tronics Co. Seattle, WA, USA). The Analysis of Variance, with 3 sources of variation (Syllables, Muscles and Clinical Conditions) and 12 repetitions, indicated statistically significant differences in the pronunciation of the different syllables. For the Muscles factor, the analysis revealed higher electromyographic readings in the lower fascicle of the orbicular oris muscle, as compared with those of the upper fascicle. The comparison among the Clinical Conditions indicated higher electromyographic values for the edentulous condition (i.e., before complete denture implantation), as compared to those recorded after denture implantation.435315320Abbs, J.H., Gracco, V.L., Control of complex motor gestures: Orofacial muscle responses to laid perturbations of lip during speech (1984) J. Neurophysiol., 51 (4), pp. 705-723Abrams, N.I., Oral muscles pressures (1963) Angle Orthodontic, 33 (2), pp. 83-104Baril, C., Moyers, R.E., An electromyographic analysis of the temporalis muscles and certain facial muscles in thumb and finger sucking patients (1960) Journal of Dental Research, 39, p. 536Barlow, S.M., Rath, E.M., Maximum voluntary closing forces in the upper and lower lips of humans (1985) J. Speech Hear. Res., 28, pp. 373-376Bassi, F., Schierano, G., Marinacci, M., Preliminary study of the rest position and the minimum phonetic distance in edentulous patients rehabilitated with prostheses with modification of de palatal thickness (1999) Minerva Stomatological, 48 (6 SUPPL. 1), pp. 21-27Boucault, C.H.M., Eletromiografia em prótese total: Estágio atual e perspectivas (1999), p. 61. , Dissertação Mestrado. São PauloBurnett, C.A., Clifford, T.J., Closest speaking space during the production of sibilant sounds and its value in establishing the vertical dimension of occlusion (1993) Journal Dental Research, 72 (6), pp. 946-947Burnett, C.A., Clifford, T.J., A preliminary investigation into the effect of increased occlusal vertical dimension on mandibular movement during speech (1992) Journal Dental, 20 (4), pp. 221-224Campbell, M.J., McComas, A.J., Petito, F., Physiological changes in aging muscle (1973) Journal of Neurological Science, 36, pp. 174-182Farret, S.M., Vitti, M., Farret, M.M.B., Electromyographic analysis of the mentalis and depressor labii inferior muscles in the production of speech (1982) Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 2, pp. 137-148Goffman, L., Smith, A., Motor unit territories in the human perioral musculature (1994) Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 37, pp. 975-984Gould, M.S.E., Picton, D.C.A., A study of pressures exerted by the lips and cheeks on the teeth of subjects with normal occlusion (1964) Archives Oral Biology, 9, pp. 469-478Haraldson, T., Karlsson, U., Carlsson, G.E., Bite force and oral function in complete denture wearers (1979) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 6, pp. 41-48Harris, K.S., Schvey, M.M., Lysaught, G.F., Component gestures in the production of oral and nasal labial stops (1962) J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 34 (5), p. 743Kahane, J.C., Anatomic and physiologic changes in the aging peripheral speech mechanism (1981) Aging: Communication Processes and Disorders, pp. 21-46. , In D.S. Beasley & G.A. Davis (Eds.)New York: Grune & StrattonLexell, J., Taylor, C.C., Sjöstrom, M., What is the cause of aging atrophy? Total member, size, and proportion of different fiber types studied in whole vastus lateralis muscle from 15-83 year old men (1998) Journal of Neurological Science, 84, pp. 275-294Lubker, J.F., Parris, P.J., Simultaneous measurements of intraoral pressure, force of labial contact, and labial electromyographic activity during production of stop consonant cognates /p/ and /b/ (1970) J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 47 (2), pp. 625-633Lysaught, G., Rosov, R.J., Harris, K.S., Electromyography as a speech research technique with an application to labial stops (1961) J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 33 (6), p. 842Marchiori, S.C., Vitti, M., Estudo eletromiográfico do músculo orbicular da boca em indivíduos com oclusão normal e maloclusões durante a fala (1996) Pró-Fono Rev. At. Cient., 8 (1), pp. 47-50. , São PauloMcGeer, E., Fibiger, H., McGeer, P., Wiskson, V., Aging and brain enzymes (1971) Experimental Gerontology, 6, p. 391Miles, A., "Sans Teeth": Changes in oral tissues with advancing age (1972) Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 65, pp. 801-829Møller, E., The chewing apparatus. An electromyographic study of the action the muscles of mastication and its correlation to facial morphology (1966) Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 69 (SUPPL.), p. 280Sales, R.D., Vitti, M., Análise eletromiográfica do músculo orbicularis oris em indivíduos portadores de maloclusão classe I antes e após submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico (1979) Revista da Associação Paulista dos Cirurgiões Dentistas, 33 (5), pp. 399-410Slagter, P., Olthoff, L.W., Bosman, F., Steen, W.H.A., Masticatory ability, denture quality, and oral conditions in edentulous subjects (1992) The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 68 (2), pp. 299-307Subtelny, J.D., Sakuda, M., Muscle function, oral malformation, and growth changes (1966) Am. J. Orthod., 52 (7), pp. 495-517Tomé, M.C., Marchiori, S.C., Análise eletromiográfica dos músculos orbiculares superior e inferior da boca em crianças respiradoras nasais e bucais durante o sopro e deglutição (1998) Rev. Soc. Bras. Fonoaud., 2 (4), pp. 16-21Tosello, D.O., Vitti, M., Berzin, F., EMG activity of the orbicular oris and mentalis muscles in children with malocclusion, incompetent lips and atypical swallowing-part I (1998) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 25, pp. 838-846Tosello, D.O., Vitti, M., Berzin, F., EMG activity of the orbicular oris and mentalis muscles in children with malocclusion, incompetent lips and atypical swallowing-part II (1999) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 26, pp. 644-649Van Besein, Y., Van Besein, L., Estude eletromyographique globale du systeme labial chez I'homme motricite comparee du systeme labial superier et inferieur. Influences sur la morfhologie faciale? (1984) Bull. Gr. Int. Sci. Stomat., 27, pp. 301-305Vitti, M., Basmajian, J.V., Ouellette, P.L., Mitchelli, D.L., Eastman, P., Seabom, R.D., Electromyographic investigations of the tongue and circumoral muscular sling with fine-vire electrodes (1978) Journal of Dental Research, 54, p. 844Weismer, G., Liss, J.M., Speech motor control and aging (1991) Handbook of Geriatric Communication Disorders, pp. 205-226. , In: D.N. Ripich (Ed.)Austin, TX: Pro-EdWohlert, A.B., Perioral muscle activity in young and older adults during speech and nonspeech tasks (1996) Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39, pp. 761-770Wohlert, A.B., Goffman, L., Human perioral muscle activation patterns (1994) Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 37, pp. 1032-104

Evidence Of Muscle Role Over The Cranio-facial Skull Development In Angle's Class Iii Dental Malocclusion Under The Clinical Rest Position.

The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between masseter muscle activity and cephalometric measures in Angle's class III dental malocclusion under the clinical rest position. Eight volunteers, both sex, age 7-12, were submitted to an electromyographic analysis of the masseter muscle, subdivided in the upper, medium and lower regions, and to a cephalometric analysis of 15 angle and linear measurements. After normalization, the data was subjected to a statistical, non-parametric Spearman correlation test, by means of the SPSS 12.0 program. Statistically significant correlations were observed between the clinical rest condition before and after the execution of exercises (a serie of mandibular movements), and the cephalometric measurements angle SN GoGn, angle SNA, angle SNB, angle SND, upper incisive. NA angle, upper incisive-NA distance, lower incisive. NB angle, lower incisive-NB distance and angle IMPA, and the different regions of the masseter muscle. The significant statistical correlation found between the cephalometric analysis and the function of the masseter muscle indicate a strong influence of the musculature under a clinical rest condition over the cranial-facial development in the Angle's class III dental malocclusion. There is a selective activity of the different regions of the masseter muscle under the clinical rest condition in the Angle's class III dental malocclusion. There is a demand for research to complement these findings in other classes of dental malocclusion.48335-4

Implant-supported prosthesis following Branemark protocol on electromyography of masticatory muscles

This research evaluated the effects of Branemark protocol on electromyography of the masseter and temporal muscles. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1: patients who wore an implant-supported prosthesis in the mandibular arch following Branemark protocol, and maxillary removable complete dentures; Group II: dentate individuals (control). Electromyography was carried out at rest, right (RL) and left (LL) laterality, protrusion and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Data were compared by t-test. At rest, a higher electromyographic (EMG) activity was observed in Group I, and the values were significant in the right masseter and left temporal muscles. In RL, there were statistically significant differences for right masseter (P < 0.01), left masseter and temporal muscles and for the left temporal muscle in LL (P < 0.05). In protrusion, Group I presented a higher EMG activity, and there was a statistically significant difference for the right masseter muscle (RM) (P < 0.05). In MVC, the EMG values were higher in Group II (control), but significant just for the right temporal muscle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, individuals with mandibular fixed dentures supported according to the Branemark protocol and maxillary removable complete dentures showed a higher activity of masticatory muscles during the mandibular postural clinical conditions examined; however, in the MVC, Group I presented lower values when compared to dentate group. Despite presenting different EMG values in all of the clinical conditions, both groups showed similar EMG patterns of muscle activation which demonstrates that the proposed treatment can be considered as a good option for oral rehabilitation