767 research outputs found
Nonlinear longitudinal/transversal modal interactions in highly extensible suspended cables
Recent research literature mostly deals with nonlinear resonant dynamics of low-extensible cables involving transversal modes. Herein, we aim to investigate geometrically nonlinear longitudinal/transversal modal interactions in highly extensible suspended cables, whose material properties are assumed to be linearly elastic. Depending on cable elasto-geometric properties, the spectrum of low-order planar frequencies manifests primary and secondary frequency crossover phenomena of transversal/transversal and longitudinal/transversal modes, respectively. By focusing on 1:1 internal resonances, nonlinear equations of finite-amplitude, harmonically forced and damped, cable motion are considered, fully accounting for overall inertia and displacement coupling effects. Meaningful quadratic nonlinear contributions of non-resonant, higher-order, longitudinal modes are highlighted via a multimode-based, second-order multiple scales solution. Overall coupled/uncoupled dynamic responses, bifurcations, stability and space-time-varying displacements due to longitudinal/transversal (vs. transversal/transversal) modal interactions at secondary (vs. primary) crossovers are analytically and numerically evaluated, along with the resonant longitudinal mode-induced dynamic forces
Two-to-one resonant multi-modal dynamics of horizontal/inclined cables. Part II : internal resonance activation, reduced-order models and nonlinear normal modes
Resonant multi-modal dynamics due to planar 2:1 internal resonances in the nonlinear, finite-amplitude, free vibrations of horizontal/inclined cables are parametrically investigated based on the second-order multiple scales solution in Part I [1]. The already validated kinematically non-condensed cable model accounts for the effects of both non-linear dynamic extensibility and system asymmetry due to inclined sagged configurations. Actual activation of 2:1 resonances is discussed, enlightening on a remarkable qualitative difference of horizontal/inclined cables as regards non-linear orthogonality properties of normal modes. Based on the analysis of modal contribution and solution convergence of various resonant cables, hints are obtained on proper reduced-order model selections from the asymptotic solution accounting for higher-order effects of quadratic nonlinearities. The dependence of resonant dynamics on coupled vibration amplitudes, and the significant effects of cable sag, inclination and extensibility on system non-linear behavior are highlighted, along with meaningful contributions of longitudinal dynamics. The spatio-temporal variation of non-linear dynamic configurations and dynamic tensions associated with 2:1 resonant non-linear normal modes is illustrated. Overall, the analytical predictions are validated by finite difference-based numerical investigations of the original partial-differential equations of motion
Experimental and numerical studies of inclined cables: free and parametrically-forced vibrations
Because of few experimental studies in the inclined cable literature, this paper is aimed at experimental modelling and investigating the linear free and nonlinear forced vibrations of sagged inclined cables, by discussing the relevant outcomes in the background of theoretical and numerical achievements. Attention is paid to the identification of cable hybrid modes due to system asymmetry, which gives rise to an avoidance phenomenon in the natural frequency spectrum, and to the investigation of some typical 3-D nonlinear dynamics involving the simultaneous parametric/external excitation due to a harmonically time-varying support movement. Large-amplitude out-of-plane/in-plane multi-modal interactions due to non-planar/planar internal resonances are experimentally observed and complemented by space-time numerical simulation of the associated, geometrically nonlinear, partial-differential equations of parametrically-forced cable motion. Overall, the experimental and numerical results highlight the fundamental linear/nonlinear dynamic characteristics of inclined cables, and the crucial role played by the asymmetry induced by cable inclination, in addition to the significant effects of cable sag and dynamic extensibility
Two-to-one resonant multi-modal dynamics of horizontal/inclined cables. Part I : theoretical formulation and model validation
This paper is first of the two papers dealingwith analytical investigation of resonant multimodal dynamics due to 2:1 internal resonances in the finite-amplitude free vibrations of horizontal/inclined cables. Part I deals with theoretical formulation and validation of the general cable model. Approximate nonlinear partial differential equations of 3-D coupled motion of small sagged cables - which account for both spatio-temporal variation of nonlinear dynamic tension and system asymmetry due to inclined sagged configurations - are presented. A multidimensional Galerkin expansion of the solution ofnonplanar/planar motion is performed, yielding a complete set of system quadratic/cubic coefficients. With the aim of parametrically studying the behavior of horizontal/inclined cables in Part II [25], a second-order asymptotic analysis under planar 2:1 resonance is accomplished by the method of multiple scales. On accounting for higher-order effectsof quadratic/cubic nonlinearities, approximate closed form solutions of nonlinear amplitudes, frequencies and dynamic configurations of resonant nonlinear normal modes reveal the dependence of cable response on resonant/nonresonant modal contributions. Depending on simplifying kinematic modeling and assigned system parameters, approximate horizontal/inclined cable models are thoroughly validated by numerically evaluating statics and non-planar/planar linear/non-linear dynamics against those of the exact model. Moreover, the modal coupling role and contribution of system longitudinal dynamics are discussed for horizontal cables, showing some meaningful effects due to kinematic condensation
Pattern and degree of left ventricular remodeling following a tailored surgical approach for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
Background The role of a tailored surgical approach for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) on regional ventricular remodelling remains unknown. The aims of this study were to evaluate the pattern, extent and functional impact of regional ventricular remodelling after a tailored surgical approach. Methods From 2005 to 2008, 44 patients with obstructive HCM underwent tailored surgical intervention. Of those, 14 were ineligible for cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) studies. From the remainder, 14 unselected patients (42±12 years) underwent pre- and post-operative CMR studies at a median 12 months post-operatively (range 4-37 months). Regional changes in left ventricular (LV) thickness as well as global LV function following surgery were assessed using CMR Tools (London, UK). Results Pre-operative mean echocardiographic septal thickness was 21±4 mm and mean LV outflow gradient was 69±32 mmHg. Following surgery, there was a significant degree of regional regression of LV thickness in all segments of the LV, ranging from 16% in the antero-lateral midventricular segment to 41% in the anterior basal segment. Wall thickening was significantly increased in basal segments but showed no significant change in the midventricular or apical segments. Globally, mean indexed LV mass decreased significantly after surgery (120±29g/m2 versus 154±36g/m2; p<0.001). There was a trend for increased indexed LV end-diastolic volume (70±13 mL versus 65±11 mL; p=0.16) with a normalization of LV ejection fraction (68±7% versus 75±9%; p<0.01). Conclusion Following a tailored surgical relief of outflow obstruction for HCM, there is a marked regional reverse LV remodelling. These changes could have a significant impact on overall ventricular dynamics and function
Pulsive feedback control for stabilizing unstable periodic orbits in a nonlinear oscillator with a non-symmetric potential
We examine a strange chaotic attractor and its unstable periodic orbits in
case of one degree of freedom nonlinear oscillator with non symmetric
potential. We propose an efficient method of chaos control stabilizing these
orbits by a pulsive feedback technique. Discrete set of pulses enable us to
transfer the system from one periodic state to another.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiographic reconstruction of left and right ventricles: In vitro validation and comparison with magnetic resonance imaging.
Correction for potentially inappropriate prescribing can increase specificity when using drug prescriptions as an adjunct to diagnostic codes to assess comorbidities in older patients
Background: Comorbidities are a growing problem in older patients in many clinical settings, but electronic records may give an unsatisfactory picture of this complexity. Analysis of drug prescriptions can add further diagnostic information to that gathered from billing diagnostic codes, but the risk exhists that potentially inappropriate prescriptions may lead to over-estimating comorbidities.
Methods: We analysed the administrative records and drug prescriptions of the 304 patients discharged during 2016 from a neurological rehabilitation unit. International Classification of Diseases â 9th revision diagnostic codes were matched with prescriptions at discharge, coded according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification. The codes of the prescriptions not explained by the diagnostic codes were recorded, grouped, corrected for potential inappropriate prescribing, and analysed.
Results: Of the 304 patients, 295 had at least one prescribed drug not inferable from their diagnostic codes. The mean number of these prescriptions was 3.5 ± 1.9 per patient, and that of prescriptions remaining after correction for potentially inappropriate prescribing was 2.0 ± 1.5. The more frequent groups of potentially inappropriate medications were anti-acids, psychotropic drugs, laxatives, potassium supplements, cardiovascular drugs and lipid modifying agents. Administrative databases underestimate the complexity of older patients in neurological rehabilitation wards. More reliable data can be obtained by adding the analysis of drug prescriptions, but correction for potentially inappropriate prescription seems necessary to avoid an over-estimation of comorbidities
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic Acid limits tumor outgrowth in a mouse model of metastatic lung cancer.
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a TLR3 ligand, is currently being tested in human clinical trials as an adjuvant to anti-cancer vaccines and in combination with other therapies. However, little is known about its activity in established pulmonary metastasis. The aim of our study was to elucidate the effect of poly I:C (1, 10, or 100 ÎŒg/mouse) in a mouse model of B16-F10-induced metastatic lung cancer. Lung tumor growth was arrested after a single administration of poly I:C. This was associated with higher influx of mature dendritic cells (DCs), which drove toward a Th1-like, Th17-like, and cytotoxic immune environment. The interference with IFN type I receptor signaling by means of a specific mAb reversed poly I:C-mediated tumor regression due to lower presence of myeloid DCs, cytotoxic DCs (CD11c(+)CD8(+)), NKT cells, CD8(+) T cells, and Th1-like cytokines. Moreover, the adoptive transfer of poly I:C-activated bone marrow-derived DCs into tumor-bearing mice resulted in activities similar to those of the systemic administration of poly I:C on lung tumor burden. In conclusion, our data prove that poly I:C has potential anti-tumor activity in a mouse model of established pulmonary metastasis. The activation of DCs and the production of IFN type I are responsible for an effective T cytotoxic immune response against metastatic lung cancer progression after poly I:C treatment
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