Influential Article Review - Utilizing a Retail Case Study to Explore Community Businesses

This paper examines entrepreneurship. We present insights from a highly influential paper. Here are the highlights from this paper: Community-based entrepreneurship is considered to be an important instrument for the realization of potential among marginal and deprived communities isolated from the mainstream economy and is important in bringing social upliftment. Cultural values, shared resources, linkages, and mutual trust work for the community, nurtured through close personal relations for the functioning of economic activities. Entrepreneurial activities creating local public goods for a community have a comparative advantage over the absolute market-oriented activities. This paper tries to follow a case study method to analyze the community-based entrepreneurship in a marginal community (Muslim). Many self-employed Muslim workers and small businesses in urban centers in a non-Islamic society indicate that they bound to have a great propensity for entrepreneurship compared to the indigenous population. The government needs to introduce a policy with implicative measures for financial and technical support to these entrepreneurial activities. For our overseas readers, we then present the insights from this paper in Spanish, French, Portuguese, and German

The ERE of the "Red Rectangle" revisited

We present in this paper high signal-to-noise long-slit optical spectra of the Extended Red Emission (ERE) in the "Red Rectangle" (RR) nebula. These spectra, obtained at different positions in the nebula, reveal an extremely complex emission pattern on top of the broad ERE continuum. It is well known that three features converge at large distance from the central object, in wavelength and profile to the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) at 5797, 5849.8 and 6614 ang., (e.g. Sarre et al., 1995). In this paper we give a detailed inventory of all spectral subfeatures observed in the 5550--6850 ang. spectral range. Thanks to our high S/N spectra, we propose 5 new features in the RR that can be associated with DIBs. For the 5550--6200 ang. spectral range our slit position was on top of the NE spike of the X shaped nebula. A detailed description of the spatial profile-changes is given of the strongest features revealing that even far out in the nebula at 24 arcsec from the central star, there remains a small shift in wavelength of 1 respectively 2 ang between the ERE subfeatures and the DIB wavelengths of 5797.11 and 5849.78 ang.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysic

Band of mothers: Childbirth as a female bonding experience

Does the experience of childbirth create social bonds among first-time mothers? Previous research suggests that sharing emotionally intense or painful experiences with others leads to “identity fusion,” a visceral feeling of oneness with a group that predicts strong forms of prosocial action and self-sacrifice for other group members. This study compared identity fusion with other mothers during pregnancy versus after childbirth in a sample of 164 U.S. women. Eighty-nine mothers in our sample were pregnant with their firstborn, and 75 mothers had given birth to their firstborn up to 6 months prior to the time of data collection. Results demonstrated that identity fusion with other mothers was higher for postpartum mothers than for antenatal mothers. As predicted, among postpartum mothers, those who thought that their childbirth was more painful than a typical childbirth experience reported greater identity fusion with mothers who reported having had a very difficult birth. Postpartum mothers’ ruminative thought about the birth mediated the association between level of dysphoria and identity fusion, and identity fusion moderated the association between postpartum mothers’ ruminative and reflective thought about the birth and their posttraumatic growth in complex ways. These findings provide evidence that perceived sharedness of the childbirth experience and thoughts about the birth are important to the process of identity fusion with other mothers, and highlight the importance of post-event processing for psychological health

An analytical model for the accretion of dark matter subhalos

An analytical model is developed for the mass function of cold dark matter subhalos at the time of accretion and for the distribution of their accretion times. Our model is based on the model of Zhao et al. (2009) for the median assembly histories of dark matter halos, combined with a simple log-normal distribution to describe the scatter in the main-branch mass at a given time for halos of the same final mass. Our model is simple, and can be used to predict the un-evolved subhalo mass function, the mass function of subhalos accreted at a given time, the accretion-time distribution of subhalos of a given initial mass, and the frequency of major mergers as a function of time. We test our model using high-resolution cosmological $N$-body simulations, and find that our model predictions match the simulation results remarkably well. Finally, we discuss the implications of our model for the evolution of subhalos in their hosts and for the construction of a self-consistent model to link galaxies and dark matter halos at different cosmic times.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures (caption for figure 10 fixed). Accepted for publication in Ap

A comparative study of micromorphic gradient-extensions for anisotropic damage at finite strains

Modern inelastic material model formulations rely on the use of tensor-valued internal variables. When inelastic phenomena include softening, simulations of the former are prone to localization. Thus, an accurate regularization of the tensor-valued internal variables is essential to obtain physically correct results. Here, we focus on the regularization of anisotropic damage at finite strains. Thus, a flexible anisotropic damage model with isotropic, kinematic, and distortional hardening is equipped with three gradient-extensions using a full and two reduced regularizations of the damage tensor. Theoretical and numerical comparisons of the three gradient-extensions yield excellent agreement between the full and the reduced regularization based on a volumetric-deviatoric regularization using only two nonlocal degrees of freedom

Substructure and halo density profiles in a Warm Dark Matter Cosmology

We performed a series of high-resolution simulations designed to study the substructure of Milky Way-size galactic halos (host halos) and the density profiles of halos in a warm dark matter (WDM) scenario with a non-vanishing cosmological constant. The virial masses of the host halos range from 3.5 x 10^12 to 1.7 x 10^12 solar masses and they have more than 10^5 particles each. A key feature of the WDM power spectrum is the free-streaming length R_f which fixes an additional parameter for the model of structure formation. We analyze the substructure of host halos using three R_f values: 0.2, 0.1, and 0.05 Mpc and compare results to the predictions of the cold dark matter (CDM) model. We find that guest halos (satellites) do form in the WDM scenario but are more easily destroyed by dynamical friction and tidal disruption than their counterparts in a CDM model. The small number of guest halos that we find within the virial radii of host halos at z = 0 in the WDM models is the result of a less efficient halo accretion and a higher satellite destruction rate. Under the assumption that each guest halo hosts a luminous galaxy, we find that the observed circular velocity function of satellites around the Milky Way and Andromeda is well described by the R_f = 0.1 Mpc WDM model. In the R_f = 0.1-0.2 Mpc models, the surviving subhalos at z=0 have an average concentration parameter c_1/5 which is approximately twice smaller than that of the corresponding CDM subhalos. This difference, very likely, produces the higher satellite destruction rate found in the WDM models. The density profile of host halos is well described by the NFW fit whereas guest halos show a wide variety of density profiles (abridged).Comment: Uses emulateapj.sty: 10 pages, 4 figures, ApJ accepted. Some changes have been introduced as suggested by the referee: (1) the description of the numerical simulations was sligthly modified to make it clearer, (2) the ellipticities of the host halos are now measured, and (3) the discussion section was divided in two subsections and enlarge

An integer programming approach to item pool design

Presented is an integer-programming approach to item pool design that can be used to calculate an optimal blueprint for an item pool to support an existing testing program. The results are optimal in the sense that they minimize the efforts involved in actually producing the items as revealed by current item writing patterns. Also presented is an adaptation of the models for use as a set of monitoring tools in item pool management. The approach is demonstrated empirically for an item pool designed for the Law School Admission Test