The Retention of Wet Strength Resins as Determined by the Kjeldahl Method

True wet strength is not a gauge of water proofness of paper, but is a measure of the residual strength of the paper gauged by the mullen, tear, burst, and fold, after the paper has been completely soaked in water and the resistance to water penetration has been completely broken (1). To increase the wet-strength of paper, a number of different resins may be applied, and these resins may be broadly classified as anionic or cationic in nature. Of these resins, three particular resins will be discussed, cationic melamine-formaldehyde, anionic urea-formaldehyde, and cationic urea-formaldehyde

Investigation of the Static Mixer for Improved Heat Transfer to Black Liquors

The objective of this experiment was to determine an improved method by which evaporation of kraft black liquors to the 50 to 65% total solids level could be sufficiently performed in multiple effect evaporators. This would eliminate the need of the highly malordorous direct contact evaporators which are presently used. Heat transfer characteristics of the Kenics Static Mixer were examined to determine if its application in multiple effect evaporator tubes would possibly reduce viscous liquor film layers which now hinder heat transfer. A single pass heat exchange unit that allowed removal of the inner tube and its replacement by a Static Mixer unit was designed and built. Heat and mass balances were performed on the unit to determine possible gains in heat transfer achieved using the Static Mixer. Experimentation done in the laminar regions of flow showed that the inside film coefficient was enhanced a slight, but significant amount. It is recommended that further study be made at higher liquor concentrations and at turbulent flow conditions

Application of covering techniques to families of curves

Much success in finding rational points on curves has been obtained by using Chabauty's Theorem, which applies when the genus of a curve is greater than the rank of the Mordell-Weil group of the Jacobian. When Chabauty's Theorem does not directly apply to a curve C, a recent modification has been to cover the rational points on C by those on a covering collection of curves D$_i$, obtained by pullbacks along an isogeny to the Jacobian; one then hopes that Chabauty's Theorem applies to each D$_i$. So far, this latter technique has been applied to isolated examples. We apply, for the first time, certain covering techniques to infinite families of curves. We find an infinite family of curves to which Chabauty's Theorem is not applicable, but which can be solved using bielliptic covers, and other infinite families of curves which even resist solution by bielliptic covers. A fringe benefit is an infinite family of Abelian surfaces with non-trivial elements of the Tate-Shafarevich group killed by a bielliptic isogeny

Investigation of polymeric coatings by electrodeless discharge Final report

Polymeric films deposited by electrical discharge from hydrocarbon

Second constant of motion for two-dimensional positronium in a magnetic field

Recent numerical work indicates that the classical motion of positronium in a constant magnetic field does not exhibit chaotic behavior if the system is confined to two dimensions. One would therefore expect this system to possess a second constant of the motion in addition to the total energy. In this paper we construct a generalization of the Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector and show that a component of this vector is a constant of the motion.Comment: 4 pages, no figure

Evaluating the genetic progress of wheat in NSW, 1992-2009

Intellectual Property Regimes (IPRs) have been justified on the basis that they promote innovation, but it is not always clear that they do so. Empirical studies of IPRs in an Australian context have been limited. Plant variety protection is one form of IPR. The passing of the Australian Plant Breeder’s Rights Act of 1994 has been followed by significant commercialisation of the wheat breeding industry. The purpose of this paper is to consider whether this commercialisation has benefited wheat productivity through varietal improvement. We estimate a linear crop production function, using a random effects Hausman Taylor estimator to evaluate differences in genetic contributions to productivity between public and private wheat varieties commercially released in NSW over the period 1992-2009 using crop varietal data. Results from the Hausman Taylor estimator show that private varieties, on average, have outperformed public varieties over the period, suggesting that Plant Breeder’s Rights has promoted productive innovation in wheat. However, when we consider the best performing genetics of the varieties, public varieties have, in some years, outperformed privately bred varieties.genetic change, technical change, innovation, wheat breeding, intellectual property, Crop Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Professionalism and the Chains of Slavery

A Review of Justice Accused: Antislavery and the Judicial Process by Robert M. Cover and The Dred Scott Case: Its Significance in American Law and Politics by Don E. Fehrenbache