Thermal annealing behaviour on electrical properties of Pd/Ru Schottky contacts on n-type GaN

We have investigated the electrical properties of Pd/Ru Schottky contacts on n-GaN as a function of annealing temperature by current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. The Schottky barrier height of the as-deposited Pd/Ru contact is found to be 0.67 eV (I-V) and 0.79 eV (C-V), respectively. Measurements showed that the Schottky barrier height increased from 0.68 eV (I-V) and 0.80 eV (C-V) to 0.80 eV (I-V) and 0.96 eV (C-V) as the annealing temperature is varied from 200 °C to 300 °C. Upon annealing at 400 °C and 500 °C, the Schottky barrier height decreased to 0.73 eV (I-V) and 0.85 eV (C-V) and 0.72 eV (I-V) and 0.84 eV (C-V), respectively. It is noted that the barrier height further decreased to 0.59 eV (I-V) and 0.72 eV (C-V) when the contact is annealed at 600 °C. The change of Schottky barrier heights and ideality factors with annealing temperature may be due to the formation of interfacial compounds at the Ru/Pd/n-GaN interface. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2788

EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN INDIAN BANKING

This paper attempts to examine technical efficiency and productivity performance of Indian scheduled commercial banks, for the period 1979-2008. We model a multiple output/multiple input technology production frontier using semiparametric estimation methods. The endogenity of multiple outputs is addressed by semi parametric estimates in part by introducing multivariate kernel estimators for the joint distribution of the multiple outputs and correlated random effects. Output is measured as the rupee value of total loans and total investments at the end of the year. The estimates provide robust inferences of the productivity and efficiency gains due to economic reforms.Banking, Frontier efficiency, Productivity

Sampling-Based Query Re-Optimization

Despite of decades of work, query optimizers still make mistakes on "difficult" queries because of bad cardinality estimates, often due to the interaction of multiple predicates and correlations in the data. In this paper, we propose a low-cost post-processing step that can take a plan produced by the optimizer, detect when it is likely to have made such a mistake, and take steps to fix it. Specifically, our solution is a sampling-based iterative procedure that requires almost no changes to the original query optimizer or query evaluation mechanism of the system. We show that this indeed imposes low overhead and catches cases where three widely used optimizers (PostgreSQL and two commercial systems) make large errors.Comment: This is the extended version of a paper with the same title and authors that appears in the Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD 2016

On the existence of chaotic circumferential waves in spinning disks

We use a third-order perturbation theory and Melnikov's method to prove the existence of chaos in spinning circular disks subject to a lateral point load. We show that the emergence of transverse homoclinic and heteroclinic points respectively lead to a random reversal in the traveling direction of circumferential waves and a random phase shift of magnitude $\pi$ for both forward and backward wave components. These long-term phenomena occur in imperfect low-speed disks sufficiently far from fundamental resonances.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, to appear in CHAOS (Volume 17, Issue 2, June 2007

Ethnomedicinal Observations Among the Kondareddis of Khammam District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Ethnomedicinal information of Kondareddis has been collected from Khammam district of Andhra Pradesh, India during 2006-2008. A total of 40 plant species belonging to 39 genera and 31 families were used in traditional medicine to heal different diseases. The present work is an attempt to identify and conserve the medicinal plants in Khammam district. The study shows a high degree of ethnobotanical novelty and the use of plants among the Kondareddis reflects the revival of interest in traditional folk culture

Birth weight and term of the gestation in pregnancies complicated by isolated oligo and isolated polyhydramnios

Background: To access the birth weight of the newborn and term of the gestation in pregnancies complicated by isolated oligo and polyhydramnios.Methods: A Hospital based study has been conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai.  All the singleton pregnancies diagnosed with Isolated Oligo and Polyhydramnios were enrolled in the study. All the subjects were followed up to their delivery. Birth weight and Term of the Gestation were recorded immediately after delivery.Results: Out of 3,567 patients 32 (0.9%) and 5 (0.15%) were diagnosed as Isolated Oligo and Polyhydramnios respectively.Among 32 (0.9%) newborns of Isolated Oligohydramnios, 5 (15.62%) were Very Low Birth Weight ( 3800gms). On the other hand Preterm and Term gestations were 17 (53.12%) and 15(46.8%) respectively in this group.Among the 5 (0.15%) cases of Isolated Polyhydramnios group, Very Low Birth Weight and Low Birth Weight newborns were 1(20%) each and newborns with normal Birth weight were 3 (60%). Similarly, Preterm and Term gestations were 2(40%) and 3(60%) respectively.Conclusion:  Isolated Oligo and Polyhydramnios are associated with increased rate of Low Birth Weight (Very Low Birth Weight and Low Birth Weight) neonates and Preterm deliveries.

Radiation and mass transfer effects on an unsteady MHD free convection flow past a heated vertical plate in a porous medium with viscous dissipation

An unsteady, two-dimensional, hydromagnetic, laminar free convective boundary-layer flow of an incompressible, Newtonian, electrically-conducting and radiating fluid past an infinite heated vertical porous plate with heat and mass transfer is analyzed, by taking into account the effect of viscous dissipation. The dimensionless governing equations for this investigation are solved analytically using two-term harmonic and non-harmonic functions. Numerical evaluation of the analytical results is performed and graphical results for velocity, temperature and concentration profiles within the boundary layer and tabulated results for the skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are presented and discussed. It is observed that, when the radiation parameter increases, the velocity and temperature decrease in the boundary layer, whereas when thermal and solutal Grashof increases the velocity increases