Interaction of picolinic acid N-oxide and its derivatives with cobalt(II) involving some selected ligands in aqueous medium

792-794The formation constants of 1:1 binary chelates (ML of Co(II) with (L) picolinic acid N-oxide (Pico) and its derivatives 4-aminopicolinic acid N-oxide (4-NH2 Pico), 4-chloropicolinic acid N-oxide (4-Cl Pico) and 4-hydroxypicolinic acid N-oxide (4-OH Pico) and the corresponding 1:1:1 ternary chelates (MAL or MLA) involving (A) glycine, proline (N, O- donors); ethylenediamine, 1,10-phenanthroline (N,N donors); catechol, salicylic acid (O-,O- donors) and thioglycolic acid (S, O- donor) have been determined from pHmetric measurements at 30°C and 0.1 M (KNO3) ionic strength in aqueous medium. The stabilities of the binary chelates (ML) follow the order: 4-Cl Pico 2 Pica, while those of ternary complexes show a quite reverse trend. The relative stabilities of the ternary complexes are quantitatively expressed in terms of the statistical parameter, D log K. The results are discussed in the light of statistical and different astatistical factors. The thermodynmic parameters determined for the binary systems are found to be favourable for chelation

ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER IN AND AROUND PYDIBHEEMAVARAM INDUSTRIAL AREA, SRIKAKULAM DIST, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

ABSTRACT Over usage of ground water is influences quality of water. Present situation ground water quality is important factor at the time water shortage and human health in terms of water borne diseases. In the present study area, mainly focused on physic chemical parameters i.

Development of Wood Apple Shell ( Feronia acidissima

A biosorbent was prepared by using wood apple shell (WAS) powder and studied its application for the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution by a batch method. The biosorbent was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis. WAS is principally made up of lignin and cellulose, containing functional groups such as alcoholic, ketonic, and carboxylic groups which can be involved in complexation reactions with Cd(II). The effect of experimental parameters like initial pH, contact time, metal ion concentration, and sorbent dose on adsorption was investigated. The optimum pH for biosorption of Cd(II) onto WAS was found to be pH 5.0 and the quantitative removal of Cd(II) ions was achieved in 30 min. The kinetic study showed that the biosorption process followed the pseudo-second-order rate. Experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. Desorption studies were carried out using HCl solution

ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS OF PARACETAMOL BOOSTED BY CAFFEINE??

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with caffeine is a combination medicine indicated for the temporary relief of pain and discomfort associated with a number of conditions such as headache or muscle pain. Paracetamol has a narrow safety margin and there are number of risks associated with paracetamol. It is only safe and effective when used according to directions on OTC (Over- The-Counter) and Rx labelling. However, long-term use of paracetamol increases the risk of kidney and liver failure and makes people more vulnerable to high blood pressure and strokes.  Chronic or excessive administration of caffeine has been implicated in a range of dysfunctions involving the liver, renal system, gastrointestinal system, and musculature. A patient taking the combination of paracetamol with caffeine may be more likely to experience adverse effects than to get improved analgesia, compared with paracetamol alone. Keywords: Paracetamol, Caffeine, OTC, Hepatic ToxicityÂ

On-farm Evaluation of Elite Sweet Sorghum Genotypes for Grain and Stover Yields and Fodder Quality

Sweet sorghum is a multipurpose crop that comes up well under rainfed conditions in semi-arid tropics. While the stalk juice from sweet sorghum used for ethanol production, its grain is used for food and the bagasse as animal feed. The investigation had four objectives: 1) to popularize sweet sorghum as food, feed and fuel crop; 2) to identify promising sweet sorghum cultivars under on-farm conditions for use as animal feed; 3) to study the associationships between cane yield and stalk sugar traits; and 4) to assess the options for utilizing stover and fresh/dried bagasse as livestock feed. Sweet sorghum cultivation is feasible and profitable under rainfed conditions in the study area with the hybrid CSH 22 SS. Results from on-farm evaluation of elite sweet sorghum hybrids and varieties and correlation studies indicated that dryland farmers gain from whole plant use of sweet sorghum as there is no significant tradeoff between grain yield and sugar/stover yields. The genetic enhancement of sweet sorghum is justifiable as the food and fodder value of the crop is not compromised by its improvement for bio-fuel value. The effective rumen degradable dry matter (ERDDM) for sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) was 40.60 per cent and effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP) value was 55.30 per cent. The nutritive value of SSB in terms of the digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) in sheep was 1.02, 50.67 per cent where as in buffaloes DCP was 0.98 and TDN 51.78 percent. Results from the limited on-farm animal experiments in milch buffaloes and sheep indicate that the potential of sweet sorghum stalks in the form of stover and bagasse in fresh or ensiled form as a source of roughage is good and further long term experiments are required to confirm the sam

Assessment of ground water quality in an industrial agglomeration of Visakhapatnam, A. P

ABSTRACT Ground water is increasingly used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and other activities. Quality of water is the most important factor for any use; be it domestic or any other purposes. Indiscriminate use of ground water deteriorates the quality and quantity of water. The present work reports the physico-chemical characteristics of the ground waters collected from an industrialized urban agglomeration of Visakhapatnam city, Andhra Pradesh. The physicochemical parameters include pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Chlorides, Sulphates, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Alkalinity, Nitrates and Fluorides. Though the data show that majority of the values are compatible with the maximum allowable standards recommended by BIS, still in depth studies are to be carried out to decide its suitability for safe drinking and domestic use. It is possible that the concentration of the dissolved impurities may increase further if the recommended norms for discharging industrial effluents are not adhered

Sweet Sorghum: A Smart Crop to Meet the Demands of Food, Fodder, Fuel and Feed

At present, energy demand for transport in India is primarily met through non-renewable energy sources like fossil fuels. Being short in domestic production, India mainly depends on crude oil imports. In the near future oil imports are slated to rise further with no major breakthrough in domestic oil production. A compounding factor is the rise in the number of vehicles on the road, which has grown by 10 % each year between 2001 and 2006, and is expected to rise further. Against this backdrop, there is a renewed interest in energy augmentation through biofuel crops to meet the energy demand in the country. One such promising biofuel crop is sweet sorghum, whose sugar-rich stocks can be crushed to produce juice, then fermented into bio-ethanol, and used to make a blended fuel replacing conventional gasoline (Reddy et al. 2005). Sweet sorghum is a C4 plant with high photosynthetic efficiency. It produces a high biomass (up to 40-50 t ha-1) in a short time (4 months) under rain-fed conditions (Reddy, et al., 2005). One advantage of sweet sorghum compared to other crops is that using sweet sorghum for fuel does not reduce its contribution as food because the grain can be harvested for food, and the bagasse (the fiber left over after extraction of juice from sweet sorghum) that remains after the extraction of juice used for biofuel may be used for fodder (Nalini Kumari et al. 2011). Hence, sweet sorghum is a “smart” crop, which meets the triple requirements of food, fuel and fodde

Diphyllobothriasis in a nine-year-old child in India: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>The <it>Diphyllobothrium </it>genus belongs to the <it>Diphyllobothridea </it>order of tapeworms. <it>Diphyllobothrium </it>spp., which is commonly known as fish tapeworm, is generally transmitted in humans, but also in other species, such as bears, dogs, cats, foxes, and other terrestrial carnivores. Although worldwide in distribution, the original heartland of <it>Diphyllobothrium </it>spp. spreads across Scandinavia, northern Russia, and western Serbia. We report a rare case that occurred in India.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A nine-year-old south Indian girl was brought to the casualty at the Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences with complaints of vomiting and loose stools that had started three days earlier. The vomit did not have a foul smell and contained no blood or mucus, but it did contain undigested food particles. The patient described a history of recurrent abdominal pain. She was a non-vegetarian and said she had a history of eating fish.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The incidence of <it>Diphyllobothrium </it>spp. infection is infrequent in India. Since this is only the fourth reported case in India, and since the previously reported cases also involved observed pediatric patients, we emphasize the need for clinical microbiologists and pediatricians to suspect fish tapeworm infection and recommend epidemiological study of <it>Diphyllobothrium </it>spp. infection.</p

Establishment and maintenance of decentralized sweet sorghum crushing-cumsyrup making unit.

In the light of environmental concerns associated with fossil fuel use and the increased demand for energy in different counties, bio-fuels research and development has come to center stage. Sweet sorghum is a SMART crop with triple product benefit - food, feed and fuel. It is a good candidate for commercial ethanol production with potential opportunities for benefiting the dryland farmers from the emerging bio-fuel markets. The commercial ethanol production from sweet sorghum requires feedstock supplies for longer periods in a year. ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Crops) and DSR (Directorate of Sorghum Research, Rajendranagar, AP, India) and other partners are working on supply chain management and addressing other issues in the sweet sorghum ethanol value chain. Principally, sweet sorghum supply chain involves centralized and decentralized models. Under centralized model farmers supply the sweet sorghum stalks directly to the distillery where as in decentralized model farmers supply stalks to Decentralized Crushing-Syrup Making Unit (DCU) located in the village it self. These stalks are crushed at the DCU and the sweet juice is boiled to produce concentrated syrup that can be stored for more than 9 months and used for ethanol production, particularly in the off-season augmenting the feedstock supply to the distillery. Use of DCU for crushing and syrup production at village is a new idea and there is no publication available on the requirements for establishment of a DCU and its maintenance. In this bulletin, attempts have been made to briefly describe the experiences of ICRISAT and partners in establishment and maintenance of DCU covering all the aspects of DCU, from selection of site for its establishment, logistical requirements, plant and machinery, operation and maintenance of DCU and its role in sweet sorghum supply chain management