Effect of land configurations and Pongamia mulch on soil moisture content and yield of yellow pericarp sorghum during kharif

The present work aims to determine the effect of land configurations and Pongamia pinnata mulch on soil moisture content and yield of yellow sorghum during kharif, 2018-19 on sandy clay loam soils of Hyderabad. The experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The treatments included land configurations (Flatbed, Ridge and furrow, Broad bed and furrow, Flatbed + Mulch, Ridge and Furrow + Mulch, Broad bed and furrow + Mulch) and yellow sorghum genotypes (PYPS 101, PYPS 102, PYPS 103 and PYPS 104). Mulch used in this investigation was Pongamia leaf mulch applied @ 6 t ha-1 uniformly at 20 DAS. Soil moisture played a vital role in increasing crop yields in the rainfed regions of the semi-arid tropics. During most crop growth stages, the availability of soil water was increased by Broad bed and furrow + mulch, resulting in increased grain yield by 37 % (1701 kg ha-1) of yellow sorghum over flatbed. Ridge and furrow + mulch were found to be the next best treatment, with a grain yield of 1590 kg ha-1. Mulched treatments of flatbed, ridge and furrow and broad bed and furrow increased the grain yield by 20%, 28% and 37%, respectively, compared to flatbed without mulch. The present study will help in recognizing profitable moisture conservation practices and the role of Pongamia mulch in soil moisture conservation and yield maximization of yellow sorghum

Synthesis, characterization and DNA cleavage activity of nickel(II) adducts with aromatic heterocyclic bases

Mixed ligand complexes of nickel(II) with 2,4-dihydroxyaceto-phenone oxime (DAPO) and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone oxime (DBPO) as primary ligands, and pyridine (Py) and imidazole (Im) as secondary ligands were synthesized and characterized by molar conductivity, magnetic moments measurements, as well as by electronic, IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Electrochemical studies were performed by cyclic voltammetry. The active signals are assignable to the NiIII/II and NiII/I redox couples. The binding interactions between the metal complexes and calf thymus DNA were investigated by absorption and thermal denaturation. The cleavage activity of the complexes was determined using double-stranded pBR322 circular plasmid DNA by gel electrophoresis. All complexes showed increased nuclease activity in the presence of the oxidant H2O2. The nuclease activities of mixed ligand complexes were compared with those of the parent copper(II) complexes

Circuit Design of Programmable Logic and Interconnect Blocks using Spin Transfer Torque RAM for Non-Volatile FPGAs

Most of the Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are currently SRAM based. The conventional SRAM has been the primary choice for memory storage in the Configurable Logic Blocks (CLBs) as well as for the configuration bits of the reconfigurable interconnects. However SRAM based FPGAs are volatile and needs an external non-volatile memory to store the configuration data. Also SRAM leakage currents increases as technology scales towards lower nodes. The use of non-volatile memories such as Spin-Transfer Torque (STT)-RAM helps to overcome the drawbacks of SRAM-based FPGAs without significant speed penalty. In this paper we present the design of simple non-volatile CLBs using STT-RAM technology. For verifying the design these CLBs have been programmed to implement various functions. The design has been simulated and verified using cadence tools in CMOS 40nm technology

Phenotypic stability for grain mold resistance, grain yield and its components in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

A total of 203 genotypes of grain sorghum including 8 lines and 21 testers and their 168 hybrids with 6 checks were evaluated for grain mold resistance, grain yield and its components in 2 locations in 2 years. Significant genotype and environmental interactions for Panicle Grain Mold Rate (PGMR), Threshed Grain Mold Rate (TGMR) and days to 50% flowering indicating differential behavior of genotypes under different environments for these characters. The hybrids are classified into 3 groups based on stability performance. Forty-six hybrids exhibited stable performance across environments in which top 5 hybrids (ICSA 384 × GD 65028, ICSA 370 × GD 65028, ICSA 384 × GD 65055, ICSA 369 × GD 65028 and ICSA 370 × GD 65055) with low PGMR scores. None of the resistant hybrids were adaptable to favorable environments. Two hybrids, ICSA 369 × GD 65055 and ICSA 369 × ICSR 89058, were suitable for unfavorable environments with low PGMR scores

Synthesis, crystal structure, thermal analysis and molecular interactions of bis(3,5-dimethyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole)octamolybdate

This paper describes the synthesis of {bis(3,5-dimethyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole)octamolybdate}(2:1) molecule by mixing bis(acetylacetonato)dioxo molybdenum(VI) and 3-(E)-{1-(furan-2-yl)ethylidene)amino]-1-phenylurea. The structure of the molecule was determined by using single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Structure determination reveals that the title complex Mo8O26.2(C4H9N3) contains two moieties namely an octamolybdate [Mo8O26] complex, and 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazole [2(C4H9N3)] in the unit cell. The [Mo8O26] unit consists of two {Mo4O13} subunits linked together by bridging oxygen atoms with an approximate C2h symmetry under Triclinic system, P space group with lattice parameters a = 10.1007(2), b = 10.3887(2), c = 13.0380(3) Å, α = 66.921(3) β = 69.466(3) γ = 62.892(2)°. The octamolybdate units are linked by methylmethanamine as chains via N-H…O interactions. The 1H-1H COSY NMR recorded in DMSO-d6 spectral data indicates the absence of the coupling between the protons. The thermal analysis indicates that the complex is thermally stable. The Hirshfeld surface of the compound mapped with dnorm (-1.0 a.u. to 1.0 a.u.) and the deep red spot on the Hirshfeld surface depicts the formation of strong N-H···O hydrogen bond

Synthesis, crystal structure, thermal analysis and molecular interactions of bis(3,5-dimethyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole)octamolybdate

669-675This paper describes the synthesis of {bis(3,5-dimethyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole)octamolybdate}(2:1) molecule by mixing bis(acetylacetonato)dioxo molybdenum(VI) and 3-(E)-{1-(furan-2-yl)ethylidene)amino]-1-phenylurea. The structure of the molecule was determined by using single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Structure determination reveals that the title complex Mo8O26.2(C4H9N3) contains two moieties namely an octamolybdate [Mo8O26] complex, and 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazole [2(C4H9N3)] in the unit cell. The [Mo8O26] unit consists of two {Mo4O13} subunits linked together by bridging oxygen atoms with an approximate C2h symmetry under Triclinic system, P  space group with lattice parameters a = 10.1007(2), b = 10.3887(2), c = 13.0380(3) Å, α = 66.921(3) β = 69.466(3) γ = 62.892(2)°. The octamolybdate units are linked by methylmethanamine as chains via N-H…O interactions. The 1H-1H COSY NMR recorded in DMSO-d6 spectral data indicates the absence of the coupling between the protons. The thermal analysis indicates that the complex is thermally stable. The Hirshfeld surface of the compound mapped with dnorm (-1.0 a.u. to 1.0 a.u.) and the deep red spot on the Hirshfeld surface depicts the formation of strong N-H···O hydrogen bond

HVOF and laser cladded Fe-Cr-B coating in simulated biomass combustion: microstructure and fireside corrosion

Biomass is often considered as a low carbon alternative to fossil fuels in the power industry. However the heat exchangers in biomass plants can suffer from chloride based aggressive fireside corrosion. A commercially available amorphous Fe-Cr-B alloy was deposited onto a stainless steel substrate by HVOF thermal spray and laser cladding. The controlled environment corrosion tests were conducted in a HCl rich environment at 700°C for 250 h with and without KCl deposits. The samples were examined with XRD, SEM and EDX mapping to understand the corrosion mechanisms. In the absence of any deposits, the amorphous HVOF coating performed very well with a thin oxide growth whereas the crystalline laser cladding suffered from ~350 μm metal loss. The scales were composed of MnWO₄, Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄ and Cr₂O₃. When a KCl deposit was present, the HVOF sprayed coating delaminated from the substrate and MnCl₂ was found in the scale

Breeding tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop cultivated in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Low productivity in India is due to occurrence of both biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, tomato leaf curl disease, bacterial wilt, early blight and Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus disease have become serious production constraints causing considerable yield loss in the major tomato growing areas of the country. Adoption of multiple disease resistant varieties or F1 hybrids would be the most appropriate way to address these diseases. At ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru systematic breeding strategies were employed to pyramid genes for resistance to early blight, bacterial wilt and tomato leaf curl diseases and to develop advanced breeding lines& F1 hybrids with triple disease resistance. Stable source of resistance to early blight and bi-partite begomo-virus (Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus) has been identified in Solanum habrochaites LA-1777. Validation with molecular markers linked to tomato leaf curl virus resistance revealed that LA-1777 carryTy2 and other putative resistant genes. Several high yielding dual purpose hybrids were also developed for fresh market and processing with high level of resistance to multiple diseases. Cherry tomato lines have also been bred for high TSS, total carotenoids, total phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, acidity and lycopene content. IIHR-249-1, IIHR-2101 (Solanum habrochaites LA-1777), IIHR- 2866 and IIHR-2864 recorded high values for quality parameters like total carotenoids, lycopene, vitamin C, total phenols, flavonoids and TSS. Drought tolerant root stock has been developed by an interspecific cross between S. habrochaites LA-1777 and S. lycopersicum (15 SB SB). Resistant sources have also been identified against Tuta absoluta, a serious insect pest reported from major tomato growing areas in the country in recent time. High temperature tolerant breeding lines are in pipe line

Liposomi rivastigmina za isporuku u mozak intranazalnim putem

The present study is mainly aimed at delivering a drug into the brain via the intranasal route using a liposomal formulation. For this purpose, rivastigmine, which is used in the management of Alzheimer’s disease, was selectd as a model drug. Conventional liposomes were formulated by lipid layer hydration method using cholesterol and soya lecithin as lipid components. The concentration of rivastigmine in brain and plasma was studied in rat models after intranasal and oral administration of liposomes and free drug. A significantly higher level of drug was found in the brain with intranasal liposomes of rivastigmine compared to the intranasal free drug and the oral route. Intranasal liposomes had a longer half-life in the brain than intranasally or orally administered free drug. Delivering rivastigmine liposomes through the intranasal route for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease might be a new approach to the management of this condition.Glavni cilj rada je razvoj liposoma za intranazalnu primjenu za isporuku lijeka u mozak. U tu svrhu izabran je rivastigmin kao modelni lijek koji se upotrebljava u terapiji Alzheimerove bolesti. Liposomi su pripravljeni metodom hidratacije lipidnog sloja koristeći kolesterol i lecitin iz soje kao lipidne komponente. Praćena je koncentracija rivastigmina u mozgu i plazmi nakon intranazalne i peroralne primjene liposoma i slobodnog lijeka. S intranazalnim liposomima rivastigmina postignuta je značajno veća koncentracija lijeka u mozgu. Osim toga intranazalni liposomi imaju dulje vrijeme poluživota u mozgu. Intranazalna primjena liposoma rivastigmina mogla bi predstavljati novi pristup terapiji Alzheimerove bolesti