Phytotherapeutical Methods Used by Traditional Healers of Eturnagaram Mandal, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India

The indigenous traditional practices of Koyas (Dorasattamu) of Tupakulagudem, Bhupathipuram and Devadula villages which are on the south of Godavari river, Eturnagaram mandal warangal District, Andhrapradesh, India are being here reported. They use different parts of medicinal plants for curing common ailments. The ethnomedicinal information includes 32 plant species, useful parts of plants and mode of administration

A study on Seed germination of Cassia alata Linn an antiallergenic plant

Cassia alata known as candle bush or Ringworm tree belongs to Cesalpinaceae family, which was found in diverse habitats in the tropics. C. alata leaves containing some chemical substances like chrysophanic acid, is a common ingredient in soaps, shampoos and lotions. The effectiveness of this plant against skin diseases is confirmed by modern scientific studies. The seed germination was gradually decreased by increasing the age of the seeds. Seed propagation is still used as a specialized tool for breeding purposes and for the propagation of pathogen-free plant material

Features and Outcomes of 899 Patients With Drug-Induced Liver Injury: The DILIN Prospective Study

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network is conducting a prospective study of patients with DILI in the United States. We present characteristics and subgroup analyses from the first 1257 patients enrolled in the study. METHODS: In an observational longitudinal study, we began collecting data on eligible individuals with suspected DILI in 2004, following them for 6 months or longer. Subjects were evaluated systematically for other etiologies, causes, and severity of DILI. RESULTS: Among 1257 enrolled subjects with suspected DILI, the causality was assessed in 1091 patients, and 899 were considered to have definite, highly likely, or probable DILI. Ten percent of patients died or underwent liver transplantation, and 17% had chronic liver injury. In the 89 patients (10%) with pre-existing liver disease, DILI appeared to be more severe than in those without (difference not statistically significant; P = .09) and mortality was significantly higher (16% vs 5.2%; P 365 days were nitrofurantoin (25%) or minocycline (17%). There were no differences in outcomes of patients with short vs long latency of DILI. Compared with individuals younger than 65 years, individuals 65 years or older (n = 149) were more likely to have cholestatic injury, although mortality and rate of liver transplantation did not differ. Nine patients (1%) had concomitant severe skin reactions; implicated agents were lamotrigine, azithromycin, carbamazepine, moxifloxacin, cephalexin, diclofenac, and nitrofurantoin. Four of these patients died. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality from DILI is significantly higher in individuals with pre-existing liver disease or concomitant severe skin reactions compared with patients without. Additional studies are needed to confirm the association between azithromycin and increased DILI in patients with chronic liver disease. Older age and short or long latencies are not associated with DILI mortality

Features and Outcomes of 899 Patients With Drug-Induced Liver Injury: The DILIN Prospective Study

The drug-induced liver injury network (DILIN) is conducting a prospective study of patients with DILI in the United States. We present characteristics and subgroup analyses from the first 1257 patients enrolled in the study

Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of Transition Metal Ion Catalyzed Vilsmeier–Haack Cyclization and Formylation Reactions with Acetanilides

<div><p>Vilsmeier–Haack reactions (VHR) with acetanilides afforded 2-chloro 3-formyl quinoline derivatives. The reactions obeyed second order kinetics with a first order dependence on VHR as well as acetanilide. Significant rate enhancements were observed when transition metal ions such as Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) were used as catalysts in these reactions. The kinetic results in transition metal ion catalyzed reactions coupled with uv-visible spectrophotometric observations substantiated the participation of mixed ligand precursors of the type [M(II)S(VHR)] involving acetanilides and VH reagents in the rate limiting step. Activation parameters were computed and interpreted suitably.</p></div