Agroforestry for a Changing Climate

The brief tackles the role of agroforestry in achieving food and nutritional security, climate change mitigation and environmental resilience. The publication is based on the small agroforestry project in Guinayangan Climate-Smart Village in Quezon Province, Philippines implemented by the International Institute of Rural Reconstruction and CCAFS Southeast Asia

Building Community-Based Models for Climate Resilient Agriculture and Fisheries Across Landscapes within the Municipality of Ivisan, Capiz

A recent Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report states that climate change is unequivocal and its immediate impact is the modification of the worlds’ biophysical and natural systems resulting to changes in interspecies dynamics, movement of range, altered abundance, and shift in seasonal activities in various ecosystems. Agriculture will be the hardest hit sector globally as its productivity is primarily based on the integrity of agro-ecosystems. Adverse impacts to agriculture will have direct impacts on livelihoods, food security, and nutrition in rural areas. Climate resilient or smart agriculture (CRA/CSA), as a climate change response, provides an option for resource poor farmers in rural areas through its three- tiered objectives, which are: (a) increasing agriculture productivity and income in a sustainable, environmentally sound manner; (b) building capacity of households and food systems to adapt to climate change; and (c) reducing emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG’s) while increasing carbon sequestration of agro-ecosystems. Healthy landscapes support food security, livelihoods, and ecosystem functions (helping build resilience). Global knowledge and experience on CRA/CSA is already vast. IIRR believes that its greater adoption by small-holder farmers, especially in the Philippine context, could be facilitated and accelerated, if and when, interventions are coordinated and done through community-based approaches. Communitybased participatory adaptation will be facilitated if interventions are undertaken through multiscalar and multisectoral approaches, with public and private actors converging their services at community and sub-national levels

Towards a Portfolio of Climate Resilient Technological Options: Community level participatory adaptive research

Farmers in the Philippines are already being challenged by climate change. This is often manifested by climate variability (too much rain, periods of drought, extreme weather, etc.). Household livelihoods, income and nutritional well-being are affected adversely. The impacts of climate change are often unique to specific locations and tend to differ considerably, even from community to community. Solutions need to be derived locally and in partnership with local communities and local governments. Both livelihood and climate risks need to be addressed (for different socio-cultural contexts and agro-ecologies). Community-level participatory action help develop adaptive capacities of local communities to address current and future climate risks. Farmers need a range of options that they can choose from. This publication chronicles lessons from the field from the Municipality of Guinayangan, Quezon. This work has been supported by the Department of Agriculture through the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) and the Systems-Wide Climate Change Office (SWCCO) under the Adaptation and Mitigation Initiative in Agriculture (AMIA) Program and CCAFS Southeast Asia

Climate Smart Agriculture: Models for Empowering Women Livestock Producers

The brief documents the experience of the International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR) and its farmer co-operator in implementing the Native Pigs Initiative in Guinayangan Climate-Smart Village in Quezon Province, Philippines. The main objective of the project is to develop an evidence-base for sustainable outscaling of climate-resilient agricultural practices to enhance livelihood, resilience, and adaptive capacities particularly in the livestock sector. CCAFS and the Department of Agriculture, through its Bureau of Agricultural Research, supported this initiative to demonstrate that small livestock are a socially relevant and economically profitable project for the poor

Resilience Building and Climate Change Adaptation for Coastal Communities (Model building for small municipalities in the Philippines)

CCAFS supported the International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR) and the local government unit of Guinayangan to test and develop an initial set of coastal interventions, such as: mangrove nursery establishment; and reforestation and restoration of mangroves

Chain empowerment: Supporting African farmers to develop markets

Using easy-to-understand language and richly illustrated with drawings and case studies, this book demonstrates how smallholder farmers can earn more by taking control of value chains. Providing numerous insights, the text shows the need to invest in improving the quality of existing products, developing new products, establishing market linkages and building farmer organisation and capacity

The iBRA (implant breast reconstruction evaluation) study: protocol for a prospective multi-centre cohort study to inform the feasibility, design and conduct of a pragmatic randomised clinical trial comparing new techniques of implant-based breast reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: Implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) is the most commonly performed reconstructive procedure in the UK. The introduction of techniques to augment the subpectoral pocket has revolutionised the procedure, but there is a lack of high-quality outcome data to describe the safety or effectiveness of these techniques. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the best way of comparing treatments, but surgical RCTs are challenging. The iBRA (implant breast reconstruction evaluation) study aims to determine the feasibility, design and conduct of a pragmatic RCT to examine the effectiveness of approaches to IBBR. METHODS/DESIGN: The iBRA study is a trainee-led research collaborative project with four phases:Phase 1 - a national practice questionnaire (NPQ) to survey current practicePhase 2 - a multi-centre prospective cohort study of patients undergoing IBBR to evaluate the clinical and patient-reported outcomesPhase 3- an IBBR-RCT acceptability survey and qualitative work to explore patients' and surgeons' views of proposed trial designs and candidate outcomes.Phase 4 - phases 1 to 3 will inform the design and conduct of the future RCT All centres offering IBBR will be encouraged to participate by the breast and plastic surgical professional associations (Association of Breast Surgery and British Association of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons). Data collected will inform the feasibility of undertaking an RCT by defining current practice and exploring issues surrounding recruitment, selection of comparator arms, choice of primary outcome, sample size, selection criteria, trial conduct, methods of data collection and feasibility of using the trainee collaborative model to recruit patients and collect data. DISCUSSION: The preliminary work undertaken within the iBRA study will determine the feasibility, design and conduct of a definitive RCT in IBBR. It will work with the trainee collaborative to build capacity by creating an infrastructure of research-active breast and plastic surgeons which will facilitate future high-quality research that will ultimately improve outcomes for all women seeking reconstructive surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN37664281

Des troupeaux en mouvement vers des marchés en mouvement : Créer des marchés profitables pour les éleveurs africains

Grâce à quinze études effectuées dans neuf pays, ce livre propose des solutions aux énormes défis que rencontrent les bergers lors de la vente de leur bétail. À l'aide de nombreux tableaux, diagrammes et illustrations, cet ouvrage documente les conséquences, les bonnes pratiques et les enseignements qui peuvent être tirés en matière de vente du cheptel du berger et de ses produits. Il décrit les problèmes que rencontrent les bergers, et explique dans des termes pratiques comment les gouvernements, les projets de développement, le secteur privé et les bergers eux-mêmes peuvent surmonter ces problèmes. Bien que cet ouvrage se concentre sur les bergers, il parle également des autres acteurs des chaînes de valeur du bétail, notamment les négociants, les transformateurs avec les abattoirs et usines de produits laitiers, et les fournisseurs de services tels que les institutions financières, les services de consultants, les gouvernements et les organisations de développement. Ce livre est une ressource précieuse pour quiconque travaillant dans les chaînes de valeur du bétail ou les appuyant. Il identifie clairement les caractéristiques principales du pastoralisme en Afrique et étudie les moyens permettant de mieux assurer aux bergers les moyens de production qui leur sont nécessaires. Il se penche sur les services indispensables au bon fonctionnement de la chaîne de commercialisation, prodigue des recommandations en matière de politiques gouvernementales et de politiques de donation et pose la question des meilleures régions pour l'amélioration de la commercialisation. Le dernier chapitre décrit chacune des études sur lesquelles le livre s'appuie

Long-term satisfaction of post disaster resettled communities: The case of post Tsunami Sri Lanka

Purpose After tsunami 2004, it was estimated that more than 98,000 permanent houses had to be rebuilt. However, ten years on, as communities, are they satisfied in their new homes? What are the indicators affecting the long-term satisfaction of resettled communities in relation to their new permanent houses. The purpose of this paper is to qualitatively evaluate the level of long-term satisfaction of two tsunami affected resettled communities in Sri Lanka in a bid to identify the indicators affecting the long-term satisfaction of post disaster resettled communities in relation to permanent housing. Design/methodology/approach In addition to the thorough literature review conducted to evaluate the state of the art in the subject area, a series of interviews were conducted with experts and tsunami affected communities in Sri Lanka to gather primary data for this research. The literature review is used to establish the initial list of indicators of long-term satisfaction of resettlements. The expert interviews and the community interviews were used to verify and refine the initially identified indicators. Findings A sustainable resettlement programme is just not merely reconstruction of a set of houses. A resettlement programme should re-establish the socio-economic and cultural life of people. Reconstruction of a house does not solve the housing issue; it is vital to look in to the indicators which can convert a house into a home and the surrounding into a neighbourhood. Originality/value This paper makes a significant contribution in terms of identifying indicators affecting the long-term community satisfaction with resettlement programmes taking into account economic, social and cultural factors with a special emphasis on post tsunami resettlements in Sri Lanka