Cotton in a Sogdian Document in the Berlin Turfan Collection

吉田豊教授・荒川正晴教授還暦記念特集

Cotton in a Sogdian Document in the Berlin Turfan Collection

吉田豊教授・荒川正晴教授還暦記念特集

Samuel N. C. Lieu, Erica Hunter, Enrico Morano, Nils Arne Pedersen (eds.). Manichaeism East and West

This volume opens a new sub-series, Analecta Manichaica, of the very successful series Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum. This sub-series shall be used not only for publishing the proceedings of the international conferences of the International Association of Manichaean Studies (IAMS), but also serve as a peer-reviewed occasional journal of the IAMS. This first volume contains the proceedings of the 8th International Conference of the IAMS held at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS)..

A Experiência Retrospectiva De Estar Em Psicoterapia:: Um Estudo Empírico Fenomenológico

There is a great controversy about the nature and quality ofpsychotherapeutic experience. However, it is unknown if the problem lieson therapeutic effectiveness or on the methods used to study these modalities of psychological intervention. This study concentrates on the qualityof therapeutic experience as critically perceived by the person andmanifested on her/his speech. Eight women and two men, all students,with ages ranging from 21 to 26, being 3 in psychoanalytic psychotherapy,2 in lacanian analysis, 2 in analytical psychotherapy, 1 in psychodrama, 1in bioenergetic, and 1 in transactional analysis describe their experiences.The descriptions, obtained by topic interview, were separated by themesand hermeneutical interpreted. The results showed, among other aspects,that the experience of being in psychotherapy is considered by these personsas positive; changes related with perceptions of oneself, of othersand their problems ocurred during the period. However, they did not knowwhen and how. The difference among treatments is perceived, mainly, inthe kind of relation developed with the therapist and not with the kind oftherapeutic results. The study also exemplifies the pertinence of qualitativecriteria to this modality of investigation.RESUMO - É grande a controvérsia sobre a natureza e qualidade dos resultados psicoterapêuticos. Não se sabe, contudo, se o problema está nos resultados das psicoterapias ou no modo de avaliar estes procedimentos e seus resultados. Assim, desprezando os meios de quantificações tradicionais, o estudo preocupa-se com a qualidade da experiência terapêutica enquanto criticamente percebida pelo sujeito e avaliativamente expressa em seu discurso. Descreveram suas experiências, oito mulheres e dois homens, todos estudantes, com idade variando entre 21 e 26 anos, sendo 3 em psicoterapia psicanalítica, 2 em análise lacaniana, 2 em psicoterapia analítica, 1 em psicodrama, 1 em bioenergética, e 1 em análise transacional. As descrições, obtidas através de uma entrevista tópica, foram tematizadas, categorizadas e interpretadas hermeneuticamente. Os resultados apontam, entre outros aspectos, que a experiência de estar em psicoterapia é avaliada como positiva, e que mudanças com relação às percepções de si, dos outros e dos problemas ocorreram no período, embora seja difícil saber quando e como. A diferença entre tratamentos aparece quanto às características da relação com o terapeuta e não quanto ao resultado percebido. Os resultados mostram, também, a viabilidade da aplicação de critérios qualitativos para esse tipo de investigação

Differences in Mouse Maternal Care Behavior – Is There a Genetic Impact of the Glucocorticoid Receptor?

Depressive episodes are frequently preceded by stressful life events. Evidence from genetic association studies suggests a role for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), an essential element in the regulation of stress responses, in the pathophysiology of the disorder. Since the stress response system is affected by pregnancy and postpartum-associated changes, it has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of postpartum depression. Using a 2×2 factorial design, we investigated whether a heterozygous deletion of GR would influence maternal care behavior in C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice, two inbred strains known to display qualitative differences in this behavior. Behavioral observation was carried out between postnatal days 1 and 7, followed by a pup retrieval test on postnatal days 7 or 8. While previously noted inter-strain differences were confirmed for different manifestations of caring behavior, self-maintenance and neglecting behaviors as well as the pup retrieval test, no strain-independent effect of the GR mutation was noted. However, an interaction between GR genotype and licking/grooming behavior was observed: it was down-regulated in heterozygous C57BL/6 mice to the level recorded for Balb/c mice. Home cage observation poses minimal disturbance of the dam and her litter as compared to more invasive assessments of dams' emotional behavior. This might be a reason for the absence of any overall effects of the GR mutation, particularly since GR heterozygous animals display a depressive-like phenotype under stressful conditions only. Still, the subtle effect we observed may point towards a role of GR in postpartum affective disorders

Modulation of Human Time Processing by Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation

Timing in the range of seconds referred to as interval timing is crucial for cognitive operations and conscious time processing. According to recent models of interval timing basal ganglia (BG) oscillatory loops are involved in time interval recognition. Parkinsońs disease (PD) is a typical disease of the basal ganglia that shows distortions in interval timing. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a powerful treatment of PD which modulates motor and cognitive functions depending on stimulation frequency by affecting subcortical-cortical oscillatory loops. Thus, for the understanding of BG-involvement in interval timing it is of interest whether STN-DBS can modulate timing in a frequency dependent manner by interference with oscillatory time recognition processes. We examined production and reproduction of 5 and 15 second intervals and millisecond timing in a double blind, randomised, within-subject repeated-measures design of 12 PD-patients applying no, 10-Hz- and ≥130-Hz-STN-DBS compared to healthy controls. We found under(re-)production of the 15-second interval and a significant enhancement of this under(re-)production by 10-Hz-stimulation compared to no stimulation, ≥130-Hz-STN-DBS and controls. Milliseconds timing was not affected. We provide first evidence for a frequency-specific modulatory effect of STN-DBS on interval timing. Our results corroborate the involvement of BG in general and of the STN in particular in the cognitive representation of time intervals in the range of multiple seconds