Planta de producció de resina epoxy

El treball consisteix en el disseny i estudi d'una planta de producció de resina epoxy a partir de bisfenol A i epiclorhidrina, i té una producció anual de 40.000 tones. A part del disseny de detall dels diferents equips, s'ha proposat el sistema automatització del control de la planta per a garantir la seguretat industrial. S'ha fet l'avaluació ambiental i econòmica del procés i es proposa com ha de ser la posada en marxa de la planta. S'han elaborat els diagrames, els plànols i tots els fulls d'especificacions. En l'annex es presenten tots els càlculs necessaris pel disseny

NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM CONTENT IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF PINEAPPLE CULTIVARS AT DIFFERENT PLANTING DENSITY

Background. The amount of nutrients required by pineapple varies depending on the cultivar and planting density. Knowing the nutrient requirement in quantity and the appropriate phenological stage will allow the development of an adequate fertilization program. Objective. To determine the effect of pineapple cultivar and planting density on N, P, and K content during plant development and at harvest. Methodology. The cultivars 'Smooth Cayenne', 'Champaka', and 'MD-2' were established at 30000, 45000, and 60000 plants ha-1. Eight samples were taken to determine the N, P, and K content in the organs and the total plant. Results. The highest and lowest N, P, and K contents were detected in the leaf and root, respectively. The highest N and K contents occurred at 441 - 506 days after planting. Higher P content occurred close to harvest. The highest N, P, and K contents per plant were at 30000 plants ha-1 (14.86, 1.52, and 16.29 g plant-1, respectively) and the lowest at 60000 plants ha-1 (10.16, 1.13, and 14.6 g plant-1, respectively). Higher N, P, and K contents per hectare were detected with 60000 plants ha-1 (609, 68, and 875 kg ha-1, respectively).  At harvest, ‘Smooth Cayenne’ at 60000 plants ha-1 accumulated the highest amount of N, P, and K (147, 37, and 306 kg ha-1, respectively). Implications. The changes that can occur in the nutrient requirements of pineapple as a function of cultivar, planting density, and stage of plant development were identified. This information will be useful for producers, agricultural technicians, and researchers in Mexico and the world, to generate fertilization programs or establish new research. Conclusion. At the beginning of plant growth, a higher N, P, and K contents in the leaf, this amount decreases as the fruit harvest approaches. Regardless of cultivar, the highest nutrient content per plant occurs at the lowest planting density, however, the highest content per hectare occurs at the highest planting density. At harvest time, fewer nutrients are removed from the soil with 'Champaka' and 'MD-2' fruit

Efecto de un probiótico en pollos de engorda

The effect of a probiotic lactic acid bacteria based (LAB), administered in drinking water on production parameters of broilers was determined. Broilers were used, males and females with four treatments; T1 (males with LAB), T2 (control male), T3 (female with LAB) and T4 (control female). The experiment lasted for 35 days. An analysis of variance was used. The results show a higher body weight in the fourth and fifth week, in the treatments that received the probiotic in the drinking water compared with control groups. The administration of probiotics based on lactic acid bacteria of gender Lactobacillus acidophilus, Pediococcus acidilacticii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae inactivated, improve body weight during the production of broilersSe determinó el efecto de un probiótico a base de bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) administradas en el agua de bebida sobre los parámetros de producción del pollo de engorda. Se utilizaron pollos de engorda machos y hembras con cuatro tratamientos; T1 (Machos con BAL), T2 (Machos testigo), T3 (Hembras con BAL), T4 (Hembras testigo). El experimento tuvo una duración de 35 días. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza. Los resultados muestran un mayor peso corporal en la cuarta y quinta semana, en los tratamientos que recibieron el probiótico en el agua de bebida comparado con los grupos controles. La administración de probióticos a base de bacterias ácido lácticas del género Lactobacillus acidophilus y Pediococcus acidilacticii y Saccharomyces cerevisiae inactivado, mejora los pesos corporales durante el periodo de producción de los pollos de engorda

Corrigendum: CXCL17 Is a Specific Diagnostic Biomarker for Severe Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) That Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633297.]

Lo público. Un espacio en disputa

Rastrear los diferentes sentidos de lo público en la historia de la humanidad, es entrar en un terreno marcado por la polémica. Sus raíces y huellas son posibles de encontrar en la polis griega como en la res pública romana. Su fisonomía moderna está marcada, sin duda, por el pensamiento de Inmanuel Kant, quien de alguna manera delimitará el debate, que continuará en las reflexiones seminales de Jurgen Habermas sobre la esfera pública o en la crítica de Hannah Arendt a la distinción entre lo social y lo político. Trabajos que han dado la pauta a un conjunto amplio de reflexiones y que a su vez han generado una serie de respuestas, derivados, revisiones, comentarios y críticas al concepto de lo público, al punto que el debate ha desbordado los márgenes de la teoría política para desplegarse en variadas disciplinas, desde la sociología, el urbanismo, la geografía, la antropología, los estudios culturales y comunicacionales

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health