On the magnetic field of off-limb spicules

Determining the magnetic field related to solar spicules is vital for developing adequate models of these plasma jets, which are thought to play a key role in the thermal, dynamic and magnetic structure of the Chromosphere. Here we report on the magnetic properties of off-limb spicules in a very quiet region of the solar atmosphere, as inferred from new spectropolarimetric observations in the He I 10830 A triplet obtained with the Tenerife Infrared Polarimeter. We have used a novel inversion code for Stokes profiles caused by the joint action of atomic level polarization and the Hanle and Zeeman effects (HAZEL) to interpret the observations. Magnetic fields as strong as ~40G were detected in a very localized area of the slit, which could represent a possible lower value of the field strength of organized network spicules.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 24 pages, 5 Figure

School meals as a resource for low-income families in three European countries: a comparative case approach

In the context of successive global crises and rising household food insecurity in wealthy European countries there is renewed attention to the role of school meals as a welfare intervention. However, little is known about the extent to which school meals are a resource for low-income families living in different contexts. Drawing on a mixed methods study of food in low-income families in three European countries, this paper adopts a realist ontological stance and an embedded case study approach to address this question. The research concerns low-income families with children aged 11–15 years in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis in the UK, Portugal and Norway. Based on a comparative, multi-layered analysis of macro-, meso- and micro-level contexts, we argue that publicly funded, nutritious school meals protect children from the direct effects of poverty on their food security, whilst underfunded and weakly regulated school food provision compounds children’s experiences of disadvantage and exclusion. The paper concludes with recommendations for public policies that conceptualise school meals as a collective resource, like education, to which young people as bearers of the right to food are entitled.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Higher PLIN5 but not PLIN3 content in isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria following acute in vivo contraction in rat hindlimb

Contraction-mediated lipolysis increases the association of lipid droplets and mitochondria, indicating an important role in the passage of fatty acids from lipid droplets to mitochondria in skeletal muscle. PLIN3 and PLIN5 are of particular interest to the lipid droplet–mitochondria interaction because PLIN3 is able to move about within cells and PLIN5 associates with skeletal muscle mitochondria. This study primarily investigated: 1) if PLIN3 is detected in skeletal muscle mitochondrial fraction; and 2) if mitochondrial protein content of PLIN3 and/or PLIN5 changes following stimulated contraction. A secondary aim was to determine if PLIN3 and PLIN5 associate and whether this changes following contraction. Male Long Evans rats (n = 21;age, 52 days; weight = 317 6 g) underwent 30 min of hindlimb stimulation (10 msec impulses, 100 Hz/3 sec at 10–20 V; train duration 100 msec). Contraction induced a ~50% reduction in intramuscular lipid content measured by oil red-O staining of red gastrocnemius muscle. Mitochondria were isolated from red gastrocnemius muscle by differential centrifugation and proteins were detected by western blotting. Mitochondrial PLIN5 content was ~1.6-fold higher following 30 min of contraction and PLIN3 content was detected in the mitochondrial fraction, and unchanged following contraction. An association between PLIN3 and PLIN5 was observed and remained unaltered following contraction. PLIN5 may play a role in mitochondria during lipolysis, which is consistent with a role in facilitating/regulating mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. PLIN3 and PLIN5 may be working together on the lipid droplet and mitochondria during contraction-induced lipolysis

Empirical evaluation of disaster preparedness for hurricanes in the Rio Grande Valley

Individual emergency preparedness is critical to mitigate and minimize the negative impacts from disasters. Preparing for future disasters could enhance capacity to better cope with the external shocks and achieve a faster return to normalcy after the disaster event. This study investigates how individuals living in the Rio Grande Valley prepare themselves for the future hurricane disasters. The study investigates the state of objective and subjective preparedness and any discrepancy between the two types of disaster preparedness. Using collected data from590 respondents via an online survey instrument, the study examines the relationships between the states of individual preparedness and selected twelve socio-demographic variables. Findings show that there is a small percent of the total respondents who are actual prepared for disasters. The study concludes with a list of recommendations in order to encourage individuals to better prepare themselves with an aim of enhancing hurricane disaster resiliency in the valley

Aplicação da Métrica BLEU para Avaliação Comparativa dos Tradutores Automáticos Bing Tradutor e Google Tradutor

Este artigo descreve como a métrica BLEU auxilia na avaliação de traduções automáticas e apresenta os resultados obtidos em uma avaliação comparativa entre os tradutores online Bing Tradutor e o Google Tradutor. A métrica BLEU é amplamente adotada para avaliar a precisão de traduções automáticas utilizando traduções humanas como referência. Para a aplicação da métrica BLEU nesse trabalho, foram utilizados textos do corpus que foi construído para essa finalidade, e que, após a tradução, serão submetidos à avaliação com a utilização da métrica implementada pelo script MT-Eval. Ao final, as pontuações resultantes da avaliação entre os tradutores selecionados são apresentadas de forma comparativa

Comparação entre o desempenho do extrato de tanino de acácia negra e o da quitosana como auxiliar de clarificação de caldo de cana / comparison between performance of the black acacia tanine extract and chitosana as a cane brush clarification aid

A clarificação do caldo de cana é uma das etapas mais importantes do processo de fabricação de açúcar com efeitos sobre a qualidade e rendimento do produto final. Atualmente, na indústria brasileira, está consolidada a utilização de ácido fosfórico e do gás anidrido sulfuroso, este último, contudo, sempre foi muito questionado por questões ambientais e por causar reações adversas à saúde em pessoas sensíveis aos sulfitos. Por essas razões, novos agentes de clarificação vêm sendo estudados como possíveis opções. Neste contexto, este trabalho se propôs a investigar o desempenho do extrato de tanino de Acácia Negra e da quitosana, dois compostos naturais, na clarificação de caldo voltada para fabricação de açúcar. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que tanto o tanino como a quitosana foram capazes de diminuir a cor e a turbidez do caldo tratado, apresentando resultados melhores do que os observados nos tratamentos convencionais realizados neste estudo. A atuação do tanino como auxiliar de clarificação resultou em maior remoção de cor (34%) quando comparada com a remoção observada nos tratamentos realizados com a quitosana (4,5%). Por outro lado, obteve-se maior remoção de turbidez utilizando-se a quitosana (99,92%) do que o tanino (93,3%). 

DANÇA E SÍNDROME DE DOWN: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Dance, which can be considered the oldest form of art, is used by man so that he can express himself through the body, transcending the power of words. Through dance, the person with Down syndrome can re-signify his disability, accepting his body and creating his own vocabulary. To understand the functionality of dance in this sense, a systematic review of studies was carried out in five databases (Lilacs, MEDLINE, Periodico Capes, PubMed and Web of Science), covering the methodological procedures of PRISMA. Eleven articles were selected, of which they were divided into three major areas for analysis - physical, cognitive and social aspects. Most of the articles reflect on the benefits that dance provides for the person with Down syndrome, bringing to light its functionality when applied to this audience. The work concludes that dance is a positive tool for the person with Down syndrome, in the aspects that have been studied, but it also brings the reflection that dance can be introduced far beyond the therapeutic need, as well as recreation and professionalization. Received on: 2021/01/06 Reformulated on: 2021/03/01 Accepted: 2021/03/10A dança, que pode ser considerada a mais antiga forma de arte, é usada pelo homem para que ele possa se expressar através do corpo, transcendendo o poder das palavras. Através da dança, a pessoa com síndrome de Down pode ressignificar sua deficiência, aceitando seu corpo e criando seu próprio vocabulário. Para compreender a funcionalidade da dança nesse sentido, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de estudos em cinco bases de dados (Lilacs, MEDLINE, Periodico Capes, PubMed e Web of Science), contemplando os procedimentos metodológicos do PRISMA. Foram selecionados 11 artigos, dos quais foram divididos em três grandes áreas para análise – aspecto físico, cognitivo e social. Os artigos, em sua maioria, refletem sobre os benefícios que a dança proporciona para a pessoa com síndrome de Down, trazendo à tona a sua funcionalidade quando aplicada para esse público. O trabalho conclui que a dança é uma ferramenta positiva para a pessoa com síndrome de Down, nos aspectos que foram estudados, mas também traz a reflexão de que a dança pode ser introduzida muito além da necessidade terapêutica, como também recreação e profissionalização. Recebido em: 06/01/2021Reformulado em: 01/03/2021Aceito em: 10/03/202

Optogenetic activation of cholinergic neurons in the PPT or LDT induces REM sleep

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is an important component of the natural sleep/wake cycle, yet the mechanisms that regulate REM sleep remain incompletely understood. Cholinergic neurons in the mesopontine tegmentum have been implicated in REM sleep regulation, but lesions of this area have had varying effects on REM sleep. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the role of cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) and laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT) in REM sleep generation. Selective optogenetic activation of cholinergic neurons in the PPT or LDT during non-REM (NREM) sleep increased the number of REM sleep episodes and did not change REM sleep episode duration. Activation of cholinergic neurons in the PPT or LDT during NREM sleep was sufficient to induce REM sleep.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant DP1-OD003646)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant TR01-GM104948)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant T32-HL07901)Massachusetts General Hospital (Executive Committee on Research Fellowship)Massachusetts General Hospital. Dept. of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicin

An Equity-focused Assessment of the City of Richmond’s RVAgreen 2050 Planning Process

Local climate action and sustainability initiatives are often critiqued for their inattention to issues of equity and justice. In response, an increasing number of cities are now attempting to respond to this critique by making equity a more explicit goal of their climate action plans: Richmond Virginia is among those cities. The City of Richmond\u27s Office of Sustainability committed to prioritizing equity in the RVAGreen 2050 plan by recognizing how Richmond’s history of racism and structural inequalities have exacerbated climate concerns for largely Black and Latinx communities and centering historically marginalized communities of color in the engagement process. Students in URSP 637 Sustainable Community Development were asked to provide an external evaluation of the RVAGreen 2050 planning process. This report summarizes the findings of this evaluation and highlights recommendations for how to improve equity-centered engagement processed moving forward