The Impact of Skill Mismatch among Migrants on Remittance Behaviour

This paper considers the issue of skill mismatch among immigrants and its impact on their remittance behaviour using cross-sectional data from two linked surveys in the Philippines: the Survey on Overseas Filipinos (SOF) and the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) for the years 1997, 2000, and 2003. Our main hypothesis is that skills mismatch - broadly defined here as the over-qualification of migrants in terms of educational attainment relative to occupation in their destination country - is prevalent among skilled migrants and exerts a downward pressure on the level of international remittances received by the sending economies. Accordingly, a high incidence of skill mismatch implies that the remittances expatriated would be significantly less compared to conditions of no skills mismatch. We find evidence of substantial skill mismatch, particularly among highly educated women, but there is also systematic variation in the incidence of skill mismatch by family characteristics and host country. In terms of remittances, we find that for women, higher education levels are associated with lower incidence of remittances but larger amounts remitted. However, negative skill mismatch leads to men and women both being more likely to remit money, but for women the amount is significantly less than it otherwise would have been.remittances, immigrants, education mismatch

The Unloneliness of Being Alone

In this introspective photo essay composed for WRTC 103: Critical Reading and Writing, McDonald explores the role that the historic battlefields she calls home have played in forming her identity and forging her relationships with her father and family. Pairing original photographs of battlefields and landscapes with her reflections on adolescence and identity, McDonald crafts a strong sense of place, both visually and textually

The impact of long-term visitors on projections of Australia's population

In 1999 and 2000, for the first time, net long-term visitor migration exceeded net permanent migration, by nine per cent in 1999 and by 21 per cent in 2000. This report focuses on the longer-term demographic implications of this change by constructing an alternative population projection methodology

Associative and repetition priming with the repeated masked prime technique: No priming found

Wentura and Frings (2005) reported evidence of subliminal categorical priming on a lexical decision task, using a new method of visual masking in which the prime string consisted of the prime word flanked by random consonants and random letter masks alternated with the prime string on successive refresh cycles. We investigated associative and repetition priming on lexical decision, using the same method of visual masking. Three experiments failed to show any evidence of associative priming, (1) when the prime string was fixed at 10 characters (three to six flanking letters) and (2) when the number of flanking letters were reduced or absent. In all cases, prime detection was at chance level. Strong associative priming was observed with visible unmasked primes, but the addition of flanking letters restricted priming even though prime detection was still high. With repetition priming, no priming effects were found with the repeated masked technique, and prime detection was poor but just above chance levels. We conclude that with repeated masked primes, there is effective visual masking but that associative priming and repetition priming do not occur with experiment-unique prime-target pairs. Explanations for this apparent discrepancy across priming paradigms are discussed. The priming stimuli and prime-target pairs used in this study may be downloaded as supplemental materials from mc.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. © 2009 The Psychonomic Society, Inc

Impregnando la pedagogía centrada en el juego con una perspectiva «Constraint-Led» para la enseñanza del tenis en las escuelas

The Game Sense approach (GSA) helps sport teachers adopt a pedagogical toolkit for the complex interplay of collective decision making in tennis that evolves from the dynamics of momentary configurations of play meeting the personal coordination dynamics of the players. This pedagogical toolkit emphasises game-based play to teach players how to perceive the game as “thinking players” capable of functional behaviours that answer the requirements of momentary configurations of play. This paper, therefore, builds on recent theoretical debate in the areas of skill acquisition, the complementarity of perception-decision making and personal coordination dynamics (techniques), complex learning theory and coaching pedagogy, to connect the constraints-perspective of skill acquisition and the pedagogy of the Game Sense approach to enable theoretically informed tennis teaching. Practical implications of game-based training will be explained using the example of the Tennis for Primary Schools program alignment with the developmental stages of the Australian Curriculum for Health and Physical Education (ACHPE), which are described as student achievement standards in this curriculum.El enfoque centrado en el sentido del juego (GSA) proporciona a los profesores deportivos un conjunto de herramientas pedagógicas para el abordaje de las complejas interacciones que tienen lugar en la toma colectiva de decisiones en el tenis, que evoluciona a partir de la confluencia dinámica entre las configuraciones momentáneas del juego y la coordinación entre los jugadores. Estas herramientas pedagógicas destacan la comprensión del juego a fin de enseñar a los deportistas a percibirlo como “jugadores pensantes”, capaces de comportamientos funcionales que respondan a los requisitos de las configuraciones momentáneas del juego. Este artículo se basa en los recientes debates teóricos en las áreas que estudian la adquisición de habilidades; la complementariedad entre los procesos de percepción, la toma de decisiones y las dinámicas de coordinación personal; la compleja teoría del aprendizaje y la pedagogía del entrenamiento; todo ello para conectar la perspectiva de los “limitadores” (contraints, ver nota 1) y la pedagogía del enfoque centrado en el sentido del juego, para lograr una enseñanza del tenis fundamentada teóricamente. Las implicaciones prácticas del entrenamiento basado en el sentido del juego se explicarán sirviéndonos del ejemplo de un programa de Tenis para la Escuelas Primaria, el cual está en línea con las etapas del desarrollo del Currículo Australiano de Educación Física y Salud (ACHPE), descritas en el mismo como estándares de logro para los estudiantes

Bioaccumulation and detection of trace levels of cadmium in aquatic systems by Eichhornia crassipes

The water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) may be used as a sensitive biological indicator for continuously monitoring trace quantities of toxic heavy metals in aquatic systems. A river water system polluted with cadmium was simulated while other factors of temperature, day-night cycle, water quality, and light intensity remained constant. When the water hyacinth is maintained in river water containing 0.001 mg/l. of cadmium chloride, the plant's root system will concentrate this element at an average rate of 0.9, 1.4, and 3.0 μg Cd/g root dry weight after 24, 48, and 72 hr exposure periods, respectively. At a higher cadmium concentration of 0.01 mg/l., cadmium was concentrated in the roots much faster to levels of 6.8, 13.6, and 39.1 μg/g root after 4, 8, and 24 hr exposure periods, respectively. At initial concentrations of 0.05 mg/l. cadmium, the roots contained 29.5, 48.8, and 156 μg/g root following 4, 8, and 24 hr exposure periods, respectively. During these same time intervals, the water hyacinth sorbed 56.7, 153, and 281 μg/g root when the initial cadmium concentration was increased to 0.10 mg/l. The water hyacinth tops can also assist in the monitoring process when cadmium contamination levels are 0.10 mg/l. and greater. At this initial cadmium concentration, cadmium is translocated into the tops. After 8 hr, the tops averaged 1.1 μg/g top. After 24 hr, this concentration was increased to 6.1 μg/g top

Comparison‐specific preferences:The attentional dilution effect for delay and risk

In cross-modal decisions, the options differ on many attributes, and in uni-modal decisions, they differ on few. We supply new theory and data to understand how discounting for both delay and risk differs between cross-modal and uni-modal decisions. We propose the attentional dilution effect in decision making in which (a) allocation of limited attention to an attribute determines that attribute's decision weight and (b) the attention an attribute receives is increasing in the difference between options on that attribute and decreasing in the number of other attributes that differ between options. We introduce the random order delayed compensation method and conduct two experiments focusing on delayed and risky receipt of consumer goods. Consistent with the attentional dilution effect, we find that in this domain, patience and risk tolerance are generally higher in cross-modal than uni-modal decisions. We suggest that, since many real-world choices are cross-modal, people may be more patient and risk-tolerant in their everyday life than is suggested by standard lab experiments

Beyond social influence:Examining the efficacy of non-social recommendations

Do recommendations need to contain social information to change behavior in allocation and risk tasks? We conducted two online experiments involving 1280 participants to compare the behavioral influence of recommendations based on normatively relevant information with that of recommendations that were transparently random. Although social recommendations generally shifted choices toward the recommended option, consistent with previous studies on norm compliance, their effects were statistically indistinguishable from those of random recommendations. This finding challenges the notion that norm compliance is the sole mechanism through which social recommendations exert their influence. In a follow-up study with 481 participants, we investigated four additional channels. Our results suggest that recommendations do not act as reminders of existing normative knowledge, but we find evidence partially consistent with recommendation following in order to deflect responsibility, because of an anchoring effect, and because of a social norm to follow recommendations

Comparison of Deer Repellents Applied to Azaleas and Pansies

The effectiveness of commercially-available repellents in reducing browse by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was assessed on two varieties of azaleas (Rhododendron spp.)and one variety of pansies (Viola tricolor var. hortensis). Repellents examined included Plantskydd™ (liquid, granular), Deer Stopper™, Milorganite™, and Repels-All™. Evergreen azaleas in 15-gallon containers were observed during 3 trial seasons in October –May, 2012 –2015. During each trial, individual plants were treated with the maximum recommended level of each repellent, or no repellent, or no repellent with a wire cage to serve as a positive control. At the end of each trial, leaves were stripped from azaleas, dried and weighed to determine level of browsing. While differences (P \u3c .05) in leaf weight were evident across seasons, no differences (P \u3e.05) could be attributed to any repellent. Repellents (except Milorganite™) were tested on pansies from November –December 2018. Percentage of browsing of plants was determined by visual observation every 7 to 10 days. The control and some treated plants were browsed initially. Virtually all plants, treated or not treated, were extensively damaged by deer browsing within 40 days. Thus, no repellent was found to be100% effective at reducing deer browsing damage in this study