Panel II: Public Appropriation of Private Rights: Pursuing Internet Copyright Violators

It seems to me that the story of music on the Internet over the past five or six years is the story of two fantasies colliding. The first fantasy is that information wants to be free, that with the Internet we can throwaway all the bottles and just have the wine and the free flow of data, which apparently was generated from somewhere and then circulated forever. So, there was that fantasy, that we would not need copyright anymore because everything would be available to everyone. The other fantasy is the record companies\u27 fantasy of perfect control, that there would be some way to control every use, every copy, of music that was digital

The effects of bag style on muscle activity of the trapezius, erector spinae and latissimus dorsi during walking in female university students

© by The Author(s). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License. (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)Back pain is common in adolescents which has been associated with carrying a bag. However, there is little research examining the effects of bag style in female adolescents. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different bag conditions on muscle activity of the trapezius, erector spinae and latissimus dorsi muscles in female university students during walking. Twelve female university students walked on a treadmill for 5 minutes at 1.1 m/s during five conditions; control, 1 strapped rucksack, 2 strapped rucksack, ipsilateral shoulder strap and contralateral shoulder strap, each containing 10% bodyweight. Electromyography for the trapezius, erector spinae and latissimus dorsi was recorded for the last 30 s of each condition. Two-way ANOVA and paired t-tests were used to identify differences between right and left muscles and between bag conditions. Results showed that muscle activity of the left trapezius was significantly higher than the right trapezius during the 1 strap rucksack condition. For the left trapezius, the 2 strapped rucksack and the control condition had significantly lower muscle activity compared to the 1 strapped rucksack and the ipsilateral shoulder strap. For the left erector spinae muscle, there was significantly greater muscle activity when wearing the contralateral shoulder strap compared to the control. For the right erector spinae, significantly lower muscle activity was observed when wearing the 2 strapped rucksack compared to the ipsilateral shoulder strap and contralateral shoulder strap. There were no significant differences in muscle activity of the latissimus dorsi muscles between any of the bag conditions. These findings suggest that a two strapped rucksack should be used when carrying loads to reduce spinal muscle activity which may, in turn, reduce reports of back pain in female adolescentPeer reviewedFinal Published versio

Future Mandated Reporters: Understanding the Role

Graduate students in the medical, mental health, and educational fields have in common that they all will become future mandated reporters. As part of their graduate training, these professionals receive minimal training at best as to how to proceed when faced with reasonable suspicion that maltreatment has occurred. Unfortunately, specific training is not common, leaving graduates exposed and putting the children they serve at further risk. The purpose of this pilot study was to obtain direct feedback from graduate educators and graduate students as to the way the topics of child maltreatment and mandated reporting are incorporated into training programs. Using a survey questionnaire tailored to the level of training for the different respondents, researchers seek to delineate and document the critical need for direct training in these areas. The long-term goals are to provide an exploratory and evaluative study of the strengths and weaknesses of current training practices, all serving to provide a basis to develop and disseminate necessary recommendations to improve preservice training, protect graduates from liability, and reduce placing children and families at further risk of harm

Test Token Management

Electronic payment systems employing tokens allow a user to create a virtual card that can be stored securely on a smartphone or in the cloud. The user can use these stored cards to complete payment transactions for items either in applications or via the Internet, for example, via a web browser. To ensure such payments are secure, these systems encrypt the card details in what is known as a “token.” This token contains the card information, as well additional information to authorize/verify the transaction. Successful implementation of tokenized electronic payment in a production environment requires testing of new functionality in the production environment – which must include what looks like a proper token to the production environment. Letting every developer write his own production environment test token generation app introduces interoperability and security risk to the production environment. The technology described herein creates and manages tokens for use in production environment testing

Active Learning in Library Instruction: Using Piktocharts to Engage Faculty

Librarians know it is a common theme throughout the literature that library instruction does not necessarily leave audiences riveted. Attention can be typically lost early on, and therefore the information we intend to impart never seems to hit its mark. Librarians, therefore, must find a way to be more engaging within their own realm of teaching. We must strive to create active learners within all patron populations, including faculty. One method of engaging faculty, in particular, involves the introduction of Piktocharts in the library classroom. Piktocharts enables the user to create a visual representation of basic information given or used in a classroom setting. In our own library workshop with faculty, attendees are encouraged to create one Piktochart that contains basic library services information as well as specific information about a single database related to their field. This acts as both a means of engaging the faculty member in the learning process directly as well as fostering the creation of handouts that can then be used by faculty personally and within their own classrooms. Faculty are also encouraged to exchange their Piktocharts with colleagues in other departments. Because the Piktocharts are simplistic in nature and meld visual with prose, they are beneficial for a number of learning styles thus making them perfect for students and faculty alike. In addition to a basic presentation on Piktocharts in the library classroom, we will discuss best practices for a similar seminar that both academic and public librarians can use at their own institutions

Unified management of media sessions and audio focus

Multiple simultaneous audio sources are typically handled by the media session and audio focus mechanisms of an operating system (OS). These mechanisms typically permit only a single audio source to output sound at any given time. Switching to another component that generates sound results in a switch from the currently playing audio to the audio of the new component which may not always provide an optimal user experience. Moreover, media session and audio focus mechanisms of the different operating systems, e.g., a guest OS running as a container or virtual machine atop a host OS may not interoperate in a seamless manner, thus making it difficult to provide a unified media experience. This disclosure describes mechanisms to handle multiple audio sources that request sound output at the same time. A single media session and audio focus service is provided that handles audio output requests from all audio sources. The service is designed to aggregate the various media sessions and apply appropriate rules to determine which of the multiple simultaneous requests for audio playback are played at any given time

Two Modes of Literary Architecture: Bernard Tschumi and Nigel Coates’

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Jamieson, C., & Roberts-Hughes, R. (2015). Two modes of a literary architecture: Bernard Tschumi and Nigel Coates. Architectural Research Quarterly, 19(2), 110-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1359135515000366. COPYRIGHT: © Cambridge University Press 2015. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative works.Tschumi’s experimental use of the literary text as part of design briefs for students at the Architectural Association in the late 1970s formed the basis for a preoccupation with what he termed the disjunction between space and the events that happen within it. For Coates, the literary briefs triggered a fixation with what was happening in space – but instead of focusing on its conceptual interaction with events, he moved towards the dramatisation of architecture. Grounded in the architects' shared teaching at the AA, the article discusses the early briefs and projects that shaped the directions they would each take.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Microexpression detection in undergraduate students

Microexpressions, facial expressions lasting for less than half a second, are a common but unnoticed occurrence. The accuracy of microexpression detection, and college major choice, have both been linked with personality. This led to the hypothesis that different majors should have different levels of accuracy in detection. A convenience sample of 121 undergraduate students, of different majors, was given a short survey about microexpression detection. 10 frontal headshots, portraying examples of 7 different microexpressions, were shown on a screen. Participants were asked to identO, the expressions by choosing from a provided list on the survey. There was no statistical significance in microexpression detection among majors, [F(3,118) = 0.92, p = 0.90], or between gender, t(118) = 1.23, p = 0.22. However, there was a statistically significant correlation between gender with the identification of contempt and disgust. While our results conflict with research that has already been done on emotion/microexpression detection, it is possible that another study with a larger sample could achieve results similar to existing research