The Double-Movement Model of Forgiveness in Buddhist and Christian Rituals

We offer a model of moral reform and regeneration that involves a wrong-doer making two movements: on the one hand, he identifies with himself as the one who did the act, while he also intentionally moves away from that self (or set of desires and intentions) and moves toward a transformed identity. We see this model at work in the formal practice of contrition and reform in Christian and Buddhist rites. This paper is part of a broader project we are undertaking on the philosophy of forgivenes

An Inexpensive, Lightweight Percussion Core Sampling System

The assembly and operation of lightweight, percussion coring equipment designed for the recovery of lacustrine sediments are described. Two ropes are employed in the operation of the system which is conducted from the surface of the ice pack. The main line is used to raise and lower the core barrel assembly and a secondary line operates the driver. The driver is guided to the core barrel assembly by the main line. The mechanical advantage required for core removal is obtained from a simple pulley system anchored to the surface of the ice pack. The equipment can be transported and operated by one person in the field and is theoretically unrestricted by water depth. The equipment was successfully tested under winter conditions and recovered 7.6 cm diameter core samples up to 257 cm in length.On décrit ici le montage et le fonctionnement d'un carottier à percussion conçu pour recueillir des sédiments lacustres. On utilise deux câbles pour faire fonctionner le carottier manoeuvré à partir de la surface de la glace. Le câble principal sert à descendre et à remonter le tube de forage et le câble secondaire sert à manier le marteau que l'on dirige vers la sonde par le câble principal. Un système de poulies ancré dans la glace permet d'obtenir la force mécanique nécessaire à l'extraction de l'échantillon. Une personne seule peut transporter et manoeuvrer l'appareil. En principe, le carottier peut fonctionner quelle que soit la profondeur. L'appareil a d'ailleurs servi à recueillir durant l'hiver des carottes de 7,6 cm de diamètre et jusqu'à 257 cm de longueur

The Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) program: A unique series of scientific experiments

The Defense Department and NASA have joined in a program to study the space environment which surrounds the earth and the effects of space radiation on modern satellite electronic systems. The Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) will carry an array of active experiments including chemical releases and a complement of sophisticated scientific instruments to accomplish these objectives. Other chemical release active experiments will be performed with sub-orbital rocket probes. The chemical releases will 'paint' the magnetic and electric fields of earthspace with clouds of glowing ions. Earthspace will be a laboratory, and the releases will be studied with an extensive network of ground-, aircraft-, and satellite-based diagnostic instruments. Some of the topics discussed include the following: the effects of earthspace; the need for active experiments; types of chemical releases; the CRRES program schedule; international support and coordinated studies; photographing chemical releases; information on locating chemical releases for observation by the amateur; and CRRES as a program

Instrumental effects on the temperature and density derived from the light ion mass spectrometer

An expression for the flux into a retarding potential analyzer (RPA) is derived which takes into account the instrumental effect of a dependence on energy of the solid angle of the acceptance cone. A second instrumental effect of a limited bandpass is briefly discussed. Using the (LIMS) instrument on SCATHA, it is shown that temperatures and densities derived without considering the effect of the solid angle dependence on energy will be too low, dramatically so for E(t) E(1), where E(1) is the e folding distance of the solid angle dependence and E(t) is the thermal energy of the plasma. For E(t) E(1), there is effectively no impact on the derived temperatures and densities if the solid angle effect is ignored

Biodiversity in drinking water distribution systems:a brief review

In drinking water distribution systems, three groups of living organisms are usually found in the biofilm and circulating water: heterotrophic bacteria, free-living protozoa, and macro-invertebrates. Indirect evidence suggests that protozoa grazing in distribution systems can partially eliminate biomass production and accidental microbiological pollution. This paper examines the biodiversit in drinking water distribution systems

Calibration of the ISEE plasma composition experiment

The Plasma Composition experiment on the ISEE-1 satellite was designed to measure ions from 1 to 16 amu, at energies from near zero to 16 keV. The two nearly identical flight instruments were calibrated by means of preflight laboratory tests and in-flight data comparisons. This document presents most of the details of those efforts, with special emphasis on the low energy (0 to 100 eV) portion of the instrument response. The analysis of the instrument includes a ray-tracing calculation, which follows an ensemble of test particles through the detector

The swept angle retarding mass spectrometer: Initial results from the Michigan auroral probe sounding rocket

Data from a sounding rocket flight of the swept angle retarding ion mass spectrometer (SARIMS) are presented to demonstrate the capability of the instrument to make measurements of thermal ions which are differential in angle, energy, and mass. The SARIMS was flown on the Michigan auroral probe over regions characterized first by discrete auroral arcs and later by diffuse precipitation. The instrument measured the temperature, densities, and flow velocities of the ions NO(+) and O(+). Measured NO(+) densities ranged from 10 to the 5th power up to 3 x 10 to the 5th power ions/cu cm, while the measured O(+) densities were a factor of 5-10 less. Ion temperatures ranged from 0.15 up to 0.33 eV. Eastward ion flows approximately 0.5 km/sec were measured near the arcs, and the observed flow magnitude decreased markedly inside the arcs