18,215 research outputs found
Development of a nickel cadmium storage cell immune to damage from overdischarge and overcharge
Nickel-cadmium battery immune to damage from overcharge and overdischarg
The Power Threat Meaning Framework: Addressing Adversity, Challenging Prejudice and Stigma, and Transforming Services
Advocates of a biomedical approach have argued that: it provides an evidence-based approach to classifying and understanding the causes of problems; adopting a biomedical understanding will reduce stigma; and biomedical interventions are effective and evidence-based. This article reviews the literature and finds not only that there is little or no evidence for these assumptions but that, in fact, the research evidence points to the need for the kind of alternative approach proposed by the PTMF. Alternative causal models which recognise the role of psychosocial adversities are described and alternative approaches to diagnostic classification and destigmatisation programmes are suggested and innovative attempts to redesign services in a manner consistent with the PTMF approach are described. The article concludes by discussing implications for policy-level change
What Are Kinship Terminologies, and Why Do We Care? A Computational Approach to Analyzing Symbolic Domains
Kinship is a fundamental feature and basis of human societies. We describe a set of computational tools and services, the Kinship Algebra Modeler, and the logic that underlies these. These were developed to improve how we understand both the fundamental facts of kinship, and how people use kinship as a resource in their lives. Mathematical formalism applied to cultural concepts is more than an exercise in model building, as it provides a way to represent and explore logical consistency and implications. The logic underlying kinship is explored here through the kin term computations made by users of a terminology when computing the kinship relation one person has to another by referring to a third person for whom each has a kin term relationship. Kinship Algebra Modeler provides a set of tools, services and an architecture to explore kinship terminologies and their properties in an accessible manner
The X-ray properties of the merging galaxy pair NGC 4038/9 - the Antennae
We report the results of an X-ray spectral imaging observation of the
Antennae with the ROSAT PSPC. 55% of the soft X-ray flux from the system is
resolved into discrete sources, including components identified with the
galactic nuclei and large HII regions, whilst the remainder appears to be
predominantly genuinely diffuse emission from gas at a temperature ~4x10^6 K.
The morphology of the emission is unusual, combining a halo which envelopes the
galactic discs, with what appears to be a distorted, but well-collimated
bipolar outflow. We derive physical parameters for the hot gas in both diffuse
components, which are of some interest, given that the Antennae probably
represents an elliptical galaxy in the making.Comment: 15 pages plus 9 figures, uuencoded encapsulated postscript file.
Accepted for publication in MNRA
Interpreting Dark Matter Direct Detection Independently of the Local Velocity and Density Distribution
We demonstrate precisely what particle physics information can be extracted
from a single direct detection observation of dark matter while making
absolutely no assumptions about the local velocity distribution and local
density of dark matter. Our central conclusions follow from a very simple
observation: the velocity distribution of dark matter is positive definite,
f(v) >= 0. We demonstrate the utility of this result in several ways. First, we
show a falling deconvoluted recoil spectrum (deconvoluted of the nuclear form
factor), such as from ordinary elastic scattering, can be "mocked up" by any
mass of dark matter above a kinematic minimum. As an example, we show that dark
matter much heavier than previously considered can explain the CoGeNT excess.
Specifically, m_chi < m_Ge} can be in just as good agreement as light dark
matter, while m_\chi > m_Ge depends on understanding the sensitivity of Xenon
to dark matter at very low recoil energies, E_R ~ 6 keVnr. Second, we show that
any rise in the deconvoluted recoil spectrum represents distinct particle
physics information that cannot be faked by an arbitrary f(v). As examples of
resulting non-trivial particle physics, we show that inelastic dark matter and
dark matter with a form factor can both yield such a rise
Photoionization of Galactic Halo Gas by Old Supernova Remnants
We present new calculations on the contribution from cooling hot gas to the
photoionization of warm ionized gas in the Galaxy. We show that hot gas in
cooling supernova remnants (SNRs) is an important source of photoionization,
particularly for gas in the halo. We find that in many regions at high latitude
this source is adequate to account for the observed ionization so there is no
need to find ways to transport stellar photons from the disk. The flux from
cooling SNRs sets a floor on the ionization along any line of sight. Our model
flux is also shown to be consistent with the diffuse soft X-ray background and
with soft X-ray observations of external galaxies.
We consider the ionization of the clouds observed towards the halo star HD
93521, for which there are no O stars close to the line of sight. We show that
the observed ionization can be explained successfully by our model EUV/soft
X-ray flux from cooling hot gas. In particular, we can match the H alpha
intensity, the S++/S+ ratio, and the C+* column. From observations of the
ratios of columns of C+* and either S+ or H0, we are able to estimate the
thermal pressure in the clouds. The slow clouds require high (~10^4 cm^-3 K)
thermal pressures to match the N(C+*)/N(S+) ratio. Additional heating sources
are required for the slow clouds to maintain their ~7000 K temperatures at
these pressures, as found by Reynolds, Hausen & Tufte (1999).Comment: AASTeX 5.01; 34 pages, 2 figures; submitted to Astrophysical Journa
TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE OF DOMAIN-WALL COERCIVE FIELD IN MAGNETIC GARNET-FILMS
The coercive properties of magnetically uniaxial liquid-phase epitaxy garnet films were investigated between 10 K and the Neel temperature (T(N) less-than-or-equal-to 500 K). Two independent methods, the results of which are nearly identical (magnetical response of oscillating domain walls and the method of coercive loops measured in a vibrating sample magnetometer), were used. Besides the usual domain-wall coercive field, H(dw), the critical coercive pressure, p(dw), was also introduced as it describes in a direct way the interactions of the domain walls with the wall-pinning traps. Both H(dw) and p(dw) were found to increase exponentially with decreasing temperature. Three different types of wall-pinning traps were identified in the sample and their strength, their rate of change with temperature, and their temperature range of activity were determined
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