Conocimiento en la Mejora de los Procesos de Negocio

Concientes del papel fundamental del conocimiento para el éxito de las organizaciones, este artículo presenta un revisión de la literatura con el fin de conocer cual es el aporte del conocimiento dentro de la mejora de procesos de negocio. Se trae a discusión dos caminos a seguir, la automatización y la continua incorporación del conocimiento en los procesos. La tecnológica debe ocupar un lugar en las empresas solo después que la mejora de procesos ha sido implementada. Por otro lado, la incorporación continua de conocimiento en los procesos permite formar un circulo repetitivo de mejora de procesos.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Modelamiento de tópicos utilizando mensajes de Twitter relacionados al cáncer cervical

Cervical cancer is a worldwide health problem that generates a large amount of information that circulates through social networks. Topic modeling allows to automatically identify the topics covered in a set of documents. In the present work, topic modeling has been applied to identify topics from a set of tweets that deal with cervical cancer. The LDA algorithm and the coherence metric were applied for the evaluation. Seven topics related to the effect of HPV vaccines were identified, the relationship between HPV and other diseases, forms of prevention such as vaccines and Pap tests, programs that provide medical services for the prevention and elimination of this disease, stories of women who have suffered from cervical cancer and studies targeting Latina women.El cáncer cervical es un problema de salud a nivel mundial que genera una gran cantidad de información que circula por las redes sociales. El modelado de tópicos permite automáticamente identificar los tópicos que tratan en un conjunto de documentos. En el presente trabajo se ha aplicado modelamiento de tópicos para identificar tópicos de un conjunto de tweets que tratan sobre al cáncer cervical. Se aplicó el algoritmo LDA y la métrica de la coherencia para la evaluación. Se identificaron 7 tópicos relacionados al efecto de las vacunas contra el VPH, la relación que existe entre el VPH y otras enfermedades, formas de prevención como vacunas y test de Papanicolaou, programas que prestan servicios médicos para la prevención y eliminación de esta enfermedad, historias de mujeres que han padecido de cáncer cervical y estudios dirigidos a mujeres latinas

Computer-based identification of relationships between medical concepts and cluster analysis in clinical notes

Clinical notes contain information about medical concepts or entities (such as diseases, treatments and drugs) that provide a comprehensive and overall impression of the patient’s health. The automatic extraction of these entities is relevant for health experts and researchers as they identify associations between the latter. However, automatically extracting information from clinical notes is challenging, due to their narrative format. This research describes a process to automatically extract and aggregate medical entities from clinical notes, as well as the process to identify clusters of patients and disease-treatment relationships. The i2b2 2008 Obesity dataset was used, and consists of 1237 discharge summaries of overweight and diabetic patients. Therefore, this thesis is focused on obesity diseases. For the automatic extraction of medical entities, MetaMap and cTAKES were used, and the automatic extraction capacity of both tools compared. Also, UMLS enabled the aggregation of the extracted entities. Two approaches were applied for cluster analysis. Firstly, a sparse K-means algorithm was used over a patient-disease matrix with 14 comorbidities related to obesity. Secondly, to visualize and analyze other diseases present in the clinical notes, 86 diseases were used to identify clusters of patients with a network-based approach. Furthermore, bipartite graphs were used to explore disease-treatment relationships among some of the clusters obtained. The result of the experiments we conducted show cTAKES slightly outperforming MetaMap, but this situation can change, considering other configuration options in the respective tools, including an abbreviation list. Moreover, concept aggregation (with similar and different semantic types) was shown to be a good strategy for improving medical entity extraction. The sparse K-means enabled identification of three types of clusters (high, medium and low), based on the number of comorbidities and the percentage of patients suffering from them. These results show that diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, congestive heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, and depression were the most prevalent diseases. With the network approach, it was possible to visualize and analyze patient information. In it, three sub-graphs or clusters were identified: obese patients with metabolic problems, obese patients with infection problems, and obese patients with a mechanical problem. Bipartite graphs for a disease-treatment relationship showed treatments for different types of diseases, which means that obese patients are suffering from multiple diseases. This work shows that clinical notes are a rich source of information, and they can be used to explore, visualize, and analyze patient’s information by applying different approaches. More work is needed to explore the relationship between the different medical entities from clinical notes and from different disease datasets. Also, considering that some medical documents express events in time, this characteristic should be considered in future works to form a personalized portrait of clusters, diseases and patients

Centro de Interpretación e Investigación para las ocupaciones de Maranga en el distrito de San Miguel

La ardua labor de investigación acerca del Complejo Arqueológico Maranga, nace en 1992 con el lema algo más que un zoológico (Carrión y Narváez, 2014) por parte del Parque de las Leyendas, cuando se destinó la programación de un día a la semana para tomar acciones respecto a los monumentos arqueológicos, empezando a discutirse temas sobre conservación, restauración y la defensa de los mismos. Sin embargo, ya en la década de 1960, los especialistas José Casafranca y Lorenzo Roselló, habiendo estudiado dos de los monumentos, facilitaron el primer paso para continuar la investigación en la zona. Las primeras personas en involucrarse en este tema, fueron los arqueólogos del sitio: Lucénida Carrión, Denise Pozzi-Escot, Juan Paredes, María Isabel Fuentealba, Donal Gutiérrez e Inés del Águila, asesora del Parque de las Leyendas. Para ello analizaron cuál era la situación de estos monumentos y así tomar acciones de emergencia, pues era evidente que con el crecimiento urbano, las personas habían invadido terrenos amenazando el sitio arqueológico. Posterior al desalojo legal de las personas, se empezaron las acciones de conservación y restauración de cada monumento, comenzando por la limpieza y recolección de datos de lo que existía, elaborando planos catastrales y mapas de todo el Complejo Arqueológico como conjunto, asimismo se registraron todos los hallazgos realizando los inventarios respectivos.Tesi

Personality profiles of cultures: aggregate personality traits

Personality profiles of cultures can be operationalized as the mean trait levels of culture members. College students from 51 cultures rated an individual from their country whom they knew well (N = 12, 156). Aggregate scores on Revised NEO Personality Inventory scales generalized across age and gender groups, approximated the individual-level Five-Factor Model, and correlated with aggregate self-report personality scores and other culture-level variables. Results were not attributable to national differences in economic development or to acquiescence. Geographical differences in scale variances and mean levels were replicated, with Europeans and Americans generally scoring higher in Extraversion than Asians and Africans. Findings support the rough scalar equivalence of NEO-PI-R factors and facets across cultures, and suggest that aggregate personality profiles provide insight into cultural differences

EFECTIVIDAD DE LOS SISTEMAS DE MEMORIA ORGANIZACIONAL DE UNA INSTITUCIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR

La memoria organizacional es el medio por el cual el conocimiento del pasado es usado en las actividades actuales. Los sistemas de memoria organizacional (SMO) basados en computador son un tipo de memoria organizacional con soporte tecnológico que ayudan a explicitar el conocimiento. Por lo anterior, el presente artículo es una investigación cualitativa, que centra su estudio en los SMO; para ello, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a los docentes de la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Ecuador, con el objetivo de evaluar la efectividad de esos sistemas utilizados en las actividades académicas. Fue confirmado que los profesores para esa evaluación consideraron los contenidos, estructura y los procesos operativos de recolección, mantenimiento y acceso al conocimiento. Otros resultados encontrados son el soporte de los contenidos para el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje; el formato de los contenidos y la difusión de los sistemas dentro de la organización

Comparison of MetaMap and cTAKES for entity extraction in clinical notes

Abstract Background Clinical notes such as discharge summaries have a semi- or unstructured format. These documents contain information about diseases, treatments, drugs, etc. Extracting meaningful information from them becomes challenging due to their narrative format. In this context, we aimed to compare the automatic extraction capacity of medical entities using two tools: MetaMap and cTAKES. Methods We worked with i2b2 (Informatics for Integrating Biology to the Bedside) Obesity Challenge data. Two experiments were constructed. In the first one, only one UMLS concept related with the diseases annotated was extracted. In the second, some UMLS concepts were aggregated. Results Results were evaluated with manually annotated medical entities. With the aggregation process the result shows a better improvement. MetaMap had an average of 0.88 in recall, 0.89 in precision, and 0.88 in F-score. With cTAKES, the average of recall, precision and F-score were 0.91, 0.89, and 0.89, respectively. Conclusions The aggregation of concepts (with similar and different semantic types) was shown to be a good strategy for improving the extraction of medical entities, and automatic aggregation could be considered in future works

Análise da efetividade dos sistemas de memória organizacional de uma instituição de ensino superior

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Gestão do ConhecimentoAs universidades, como organizações geradoras de conhecimento, utilizam sistemas de memória organizacional para coletar, acessar e manter seu conhecimento. A memória organizacional (MO) é de grande importância para preservar o conhecimento nas organizações. Apesar disso, há poucas investigações empíricas a respeito desse tema. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um estudo sobre as percepções da efetividade dos sistemas de memória organizacional (SMO), baseados em computador, utilizados pelos professores de uma universidade para suas atividades acadêmicas, e pretende, assim, colaborar com o desenvolvimento empírico deste tema. A MO é o meio pelo qual o conhecimento do passado é usado nas atividades atuais. A MO pertence a toda organização, não só a um indivíduo. Os SMO são conjuntos de dispositivos de retenção de conhecimento, tais como pessoas e documentos, que coletam, armazenam e fornecem acesso à experiência organizacional. Os SMO, por definição, permitem o acesso aos conhecimentos experienciais dos indivíduos, de natureza sobretudo tácita, ao conjunto de membros de uma determinada organização. Dentre esses sistemas, os SMO baseados em computador são um tipo de MO com suporte tecnológico, os quais ajudam a explicitação do conhecimento. Os SMO podem ser caracterizados pelo seu conteúdo, ou seja, o tipo de conhecimento que são capazes de manter; estrutura, a forma como o conhecimento é organizado; os processos operativos, que são: a coleta, que se refere à filtragem de conteúdo incluído na memória organizacional; a manutenção, no sentido de que os sistemas de memória tendem a mudar à medida que são formalmente mantidos ou atualizados; e o acesso que pode ser feito através de pessoas ou das tecnologias baseadas em computador. Todas essas características permitem avaliar a efetividade dos SMO. Para esta pesquisa, foi feita uma revisão da literatura com o objetivo de obter um referencial teórico da MO, dos SMO e, especialmente, das características dos SMO que possam ser consideradas para avaliar a sua efetividade. Para conhecer a percepção da efetividade dos SMO baseados em computador, utilizados pelos professores da Escola de Ciências da Computação nas atividades acadêmicas dentro da Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), no Equador, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, elaboradas a partir do framework de Olivera (2000a). Verificou-se que os repositórios de vídeos (Youtube), documentos (Slideshare), áudios, publicações, recursos educativos, OCW, Wiki, Blog são SMO baseados em computador utilizados pelos professores para apoio às suas atividades acadêmicas. Foi confirmado que os aspectos que os professores consideram para avaliar a efetividade dos SMO são semelhantes às características apresentadas no framework de Olivera (2000a). Outro aspecto de interesse é o suporte dos conteúdos para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Para os professores, o formato do conteúdo também é uma característica que pode afetar a efetividade dos SMO. Enfim, a falta de difusão, na organização, de um sistema e seu conteúdo prejudica a efetividade, especialmente porque pode gerar pobre usabilidade e falta de conteúdo.Universities as knowledge-generating organizations use organizational memory systems for collecting, accessing and maintain their knowledge. Organizational memory (OM) is of great importance to preserve the knowledge in organizations. In spite of this, there is little empirical research. The aim of this work is to develop a study of perception of the effectiveness of organizational memory systems (OMS) based on computer, used by teachers in a university in their academic activities, and therefore, to help with the empirical development of this topic. The OM is the medium by which the knowledge of the past is used in the current activities. The MO belongs to the whole organization, not only to an individual. The SMO is a set of knowledge retention devices such as people and documents, which collect, store and provide access to organizational experience. Within these systems, the computer-based SMO are a type of MO with technological support which help to make knowledge explicit. SMO can be characterized by content, it means, the type of knowledge that they are able to maintain; the structure, the way in which knowledge is organized; the operating processes: collection, which is the filtering of content that will be included in the organizational memory; maintenance, memory systems tend to vary as they are formally maintained or updated; access, can be done through people or computer-based technology. All these features allow evaluating the effectiveness of the SMO. In order to have a theoretical reference on MO, literature was reviewed, the SMO and especially the characteristics of the SMO that might be considered to evaluate effectiveness. To know about the perception of effectiveness of computer-based SMO used in academic activities by professors in Computer Science Program in the Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL) in Ecuador, semi-structured interviews were applied, using as reference, the framework developed by Olivera (2000a.). It was found that repositories of video (Youtube), documents (Slideshare), audios, publications, educational resources, OCW, Wiki, Blogs, are computerbased SMO used by the teachers as support of their academic activities. It was confirmed that the aspects that teachers consider to evaluate the effectiveness of SMO, are the characteristics presented in Olivera#s (2000a) framework. Other aspects of interest are the support that contents present for the teaching-learning process. The format of the content is also a characteristic that can affect the effectiveness. The spread of the system and its contents inside the organization, affects its effectiveness, especially due to lack of content and the poor usability given to it