Why joint conservation and development projects often fail: An in-depth examination in the Peruvian Amazon

Conservation projects commonly claim to convert local people into long-term environmental stewards and improve their well-being. Yet, evidence frequently contradicts these win-win claims. The “multiple environmentalities” framework outlines distinct approaches that projects often use to foster environmental motivation and behavior: (1) neoliberal: constructing material incentives, (2) sovereign: imposing protective laws, and (3) disciplinary: fostering norms and values. We use a mixed method approach to examine how combinations of these environmentalities shape the land use motivations and behavior of 270 families living in 15 project settings in the Peruvian Amazon. We identify four direct reasons why these projects often fail to achieve their intended outcomes, regardless of the environmentalities employed: (1) self-selection of like-minded individuals, (2) limited ability of extrinsic motivators (i.e. material incentives and protective laws) to reduce reported deforestation behaviors, (3) limited internalization of motivations for conservation, and (4) ignored broader economic drivers of deforestation. We argue that these challenges stem from the typical external design of conservation projects based on fixed and limited interpretations of human motivation. Our findings point to the importance of deliberative processes that can support local and external actors to navigate and reframe competing motivations to co-design approaches to conservation governance at local and broader scales.</jats:p

Explosive first-order transition to synchrony in networked chaotic oscillators

Critical phenomena in complex networks, and the emergence of dynamical abrupt transitions in the macroscopic state of the system are currently a subject of the outmost interest. We report evidence of an explosive phase synchronization in networks of chaotic units. Namely, by means of both extensive simulations of networks made up of chaotic units, and validation with an experiment of electronic circuits in a star configuration, we demonstrate the existence of a first order transition towards synchronization of the phases of the networked units. Our findings constitute the first prove of this kind of synchronization in practice, thus opening the path to its use in real-world applications.Comment: Phys. Rev. Lett. in pres

Dynamics of a ring of three unidirectionally coupled Duffing oscillators with time-dependent damping

We study dynamics of a ring of three unidirectionally coupled double-well Duffing oscillators for three different values of the damping coefficient: fixed dumping, proportional to time, and inversely proportional to time. The dynamics in all cases is analyzed through time series, Fourier and Hilbert transforms, Poincar\'e sections, as well as bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents with respect to the coupling strength. In the first case, we observe a well-known route from a stable steady state to hyperchaos through Hopf bifurcation and a series of torus bifurcations, as the coupling strength is increased. In the second case, the system is highly dissipative and converges into one of stable equilibria. Finally, in the third case, transient toroidal hyperchaos takes place

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Insomnia in Military Personnel: A Retrospective Study during the Second COVID-19 Epidemic Wave in Peru

Studies in military personnel are scarce and have reported increased rates of medical con-sultations and insomnia. The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a number of factors thatincrease the prevalence of insomnia, which has established consequences in the military. However,reported data are from different settings. We aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associatedwith insomnia during the second COVID-19 epidemic wave in Lambayeque, Peru. A retrospectivestudy in 566 participants was conducted face-to-face in November 2021. The dependent variable wasinsomnia, measured with the Insomnia Severity Index. The independent variables were socio-laborvariables, physical activity, food insecurity, eating behavior disorder, fear of COVID-19, and resilience.The prevalence of insomnia was 23% (95% CI: 19.6–26.7%). In multivariate analysis, insomnia wasassociated with a personal history of mental health (PR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.01–2.93), food insecurity(PR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.05–1.95), fear of COVID-19 (PR: 2.57, 95%CI: 1.87–3.54), and high resilience(PR: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.42–0.86). Overall, the Peruvian military population presents a high prevalenceof insomnia during the pandemic period. Special attention should be paid to factors that influenceinsomnia. Prevention and promotion programs should be established to reverse this negative trendin the military

Características sedimentológicas del Albiano (Grupo Casma) -valle del río Chillón

Part of the lower Cretaceous of the coastal region of the Central Peru was investigated (region of Lima) conformed by sequences volcanic and volcaniclastic, denominated Casma Group with a numerous amonites fauna, what allows to assign to this series an age Albian - Cenomanian. It is thick volcanic and volcaniclastic series characteristic of a volcanic arch that appear in valley of the Chillon river.Se investigó parte del Cretáceo inferior de la región costanera del Perú Central (región de Lima) conformado por secuencias volcánicas y volcano-sedimentarias, denominada Grupo Casma, con una numerosa fauna de amonites, lo que permite asignarle a esta serie una edad Albiana-Cenomaniana. Se trata de gruesas series volcánicas y volcano- sedimentarias propias de un arco volcánico que afloran en el valle del río Chillón

Inventory control of a poultry sale company using AHP algorithm

En este trabajo se busca la optimización del control de inventario de una Empresa Avícola, con la finalidad de reducir los costos; debido a la forma errónea de escoger el proveedor. Al momento de la compra se debe que tener en cuenta la calidad, precio y cuanta mercadería puede abastecernos dicho proveedor, puesto esto, se plantea un modelo para el control del inventario basado en el uso de Simulación, Modelos Probabilísticos y el Algoritmo Metaheurístico AHP (The Analytic Hierarchy Process), el cual estará implementado en el programa de Visual Basic de Excel, y este nos simulara el inventario del Año 2020, para esto se obtuvo los periodos de inventario 2017-2019 para tener una referencia, y como resultados se obtuvo una reducción del 42.85% en el costo de pedidos.This work seeks to optimize the inventory control of a Poultry Company, in order to reduce costs; due to the wrong way to choose the provider. At the time of purchase it is necessary to take into account the quality, price and how much merchandise can be supplied by the said supplier, since this, a model for inventory control based on the use of Simulation, Probabilistic Models and the AHP Metaheuristic Algorithm is proposed ( The Analytic Hierarchy Process), which will be implemented in the Visual Basic program of Excel, and this will simulate the inventory of the Year 2020, for this, we obtained the 2017-2019 inventory periods to have a reference, and as results, we obtained a reduction of 42.85% in the cost of order

Suicide Risk in Military Personnel during the COVID-19 Health Emergency in a Peruvian Region: A Cross-Sectional Study

": Military personnel represent a frontline group exposed to multiple stressors. These factors have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, predisposing to the development of suicidal risk (SR). Given the few studies conducted in this population, we evaluated the prevalence of SR and its associated factors during the health emergency. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in person among 514 participants in Lambayeque, Peru in 2021. The outcome was SR, and the exposures were depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), PTSD (PCL-C), and other sociodemographic variables. The prevalence of SR was 14.0% (95% CI: 11.12–17.31%) and was significantly higher in people with a family history of mental health (PR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.13–4.15) and in those with moderate clinical insomnia (PR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.19–4.12). Military personnel with high resilience had a lower prevalence of SR (PR: 0.54, CI: 0.31–0.95). Anxiety was associated with a higher prevalence of SR (PR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.76–6.10). Our findings show that at least 1 out of 10 military personnel are at risk of suicide. Special attention should be paid to the associated factors to develop interventions and reverse their consequences. These results may be useful in policy implementation and general statistics of SR in the local and regional context.

Harina de larva de Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) como ingrediente proteico de reemplazo parcial de harina de soja en la alimentación de Cavia porcellus (Cuy): efecto en el consumo, ganancia de peso y conversión alimenticia

One way to address food safety and feed production is through the rearing of insects that exhibit a small ecological footprint, high growth and reproduction rates, high levels of protein, fat and minerals. Forty growing guinea pigs were fed to evaluate the effects of isonitrogenated and isoenergetic diets in which different proportions of soybean meal (0%, 16%, 32% and 50%) were replaced with Hermetia illucens meal, evaluating feed consumption/day (g/day), total feed intake (g), final body weight (g), total weight gain (g) and feed conversion index. The trial was conducted in a repeated measures Analysis of Variance with Greennhouse-Geisser correction. Crude Protein in Hermetia illucens larva meal was 42.16 ± 3.67% (dry matter), replacing soybean meal did not show statistically significant difference between daily weight gain and body weight. The 32% replacement presented a higher daily consumption: 49.05 ± 0.69 g, total consumption: 1717 ± 24.32 g and food conversion: 3.22 ± 0.07. Incorporating Hermetia illucens larva meal at 16% of the protein requirement in Cavia porcellus feeding showed a feed intake per day of 34.57 ± 0.56 and better feed conversion, 2.50 ± 0.04. Hermetia illucens larval meal is an excellent high-quality protein substitute that satisfies the nutritional requirements with less feed in guinea pigs. These findings provide information on the potential of Hermetia illucens meal as a suitable alternative source of soybean meal for guinea pig feed.Una vía para abordar la seguridad alimentaria y producción de piensos es a través de la cría de insectos que exhiben una pequeña huella ecológica, tasas elevadas de crecimiento y reproducción, niveles altos de proteínas, grasas y minerales. Cuarenta cuyes en crecimiento se alimentaron para evaluar los efectos de dietas isonitrogenadas e isoenergéticas en las que se sustituyeron diferentes proporciones de harina de soja (0%, 16%, 32% y 50%) con Harina de Hermetia illucens evaluando consumo de alimento/día (g/día), consumo total de alimento (g), peso corporal final (g), aumento de peso total (g) e índice de conversión alimenticia. El ensayo se condujo en un Análisis de Varianza de medidas repetidas con corrección de Greennhouse-Geisser. La Proteína Cruda en harina de larva de Hermetia illucens fue de 42,16 ± 3,67% (materia seca), en reemplazo de harina de soja no mostró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la ganancia de peso diaria y el peso corporal. El remplazo de 32% presentó un mayor consumo diario: 49,05 ± 0,69 g, consumo total: 1717 ± 24,32 g y conversión alimenticia 3,22 ± 0,07. Incorporar harina de larva de Hermetia illucens al 16% del requerimiento proteico en alimentación de Cavia porcellus mostró una ingesta de alimento por día de 34,57 ± 0,56 y mejor conversión alimenticia, 2,50 ± 0,04. La harina de larva de Hermetia illucens es un excelente sustituto proteico de alta calidad que satisface los requerimientos nutricionales con menor cantidad de alimento en cuyes. Estos hallazgos brindan información sobre el potencial de la harina de Hermetia illucens como una fuente alternativa adecuada de harina de soja para la alimentación de cuyes

Biodegradable nano-films for capture and non-invasive release of circulating tumor cells

Selective isolation and purification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from whole blood is an important capability for both clinical medicine and biological research. Current techniques to perform this task place the isolated cells under excessive stresses that reduce cell viability, and potentially induce phenotype change, therefore losing valuable information about the isolated cells. We present a biodegradable nano-film coating on the surface of a microfluidic chip, which can be used to effectively capture as well as non-invasively release cancer cell lines such as PC-3, LNCaP, DU 145, H1650 and H1975. We have applied layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly to create a library of ultrathin coatings using a broad range of materials through complementary interactions. By developing an LbL nano-film coating with an affinity-based cell-capture surface that is capable of selectively isolating cancer cells from whole blood, and that can be rapidly degraded on command, we are able to gently isolate cancer cells and recover them without compromising cell viability or proliferative potential. Our approach has the capability to overcome practical hurdles and provide viable cancer cells for downstream analyses, such as live cell imaging, single cell genomics, and invitro cell culture of recovered cells. Furthermore, CTCs from cancer patients were also captured, identified, and successfully released using the LbL-modified microchips

Prevalence and factors associated with fear of COVID-19 in military personnel during the second epidemic wave in Peru

IntroductionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the mounting workload and heightened stress may contribute to exacerbated mental health challenges, including an increased fear of COVID-19, among military personnel. Despite the potential influence of these factors, there remains a scarcity of studies addressing mental health issues, particularly the fear of COVID-19, within this specific population. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with fear of COVID-19 among military members.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2 and 9, 2021, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Lambayeque region, Peru. The outcome variable was fear of COVID-19, assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The association with resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, abbreviated as CD-RISC), food insecurity (Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, abbreviated as HFIAS), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, abbreviated as IPAQ-S), eating disorder (Eating Attitudes Test-26, abbreviated as EAT-26), and other socio- demographic variables was assessed.ResultsAmong the 525 participants, the median age was 22, 95.8% were male, and 19.2% experienced fear of COVID-19. A higher prevalence of fear of COVID-19 was associated with age (PR=1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06), religion (PR=2.05; 95% CI: 1.04-4.05), eating disorder (PR=2.95; 95% CI: 1.99-4.36), and having a relative with mental disorder (PR=2.13; 95% CI: 1.09-4.17). Overweight (PR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.37-0.90) and a high level of resilience (PR=0.63; 95% CI: 0.43-0.93) were associated with a lower prevalence of fear of COVID-19.DiscussionTwo out of ten military personnel were afraid of COVID-19. Our results highlight the need for targeted interventions addressing the factors contributing to fear of COVID-19 among military personnel, emphasizing the significance of mental health support and preventive measures within this specific population