53 research outputs found

    RANCANG BANGUN ALAT MONITORING SUHU DAN KELEMBABAN TANAH BERBASIS LORA END DEVICE

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    Kondisi lahan pertanian seperti suhu dan kelembaban tanah sangat penting untuk dimonitoring agar pertumbuhan tanaman menjadi lebih baik sehingga akan meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas hasil produksi. LoRa merupakan teknologi wireless yang memiliki jangkauan luas, sehingga cocok diterapkan sebagai media transmisi data monitoring kondisi lahan pertanian di Indonesia yang dikenal dengan negara agraris karena luasnya lahan pertanian. Pada kasus ini peneliti berhasil mengimplementasikan teknologi LoRa untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai media transmisi data monitoring suhu dan kelembaban tanah dengan modul end device RFM95W. Sensor suhu mampu mengakuisisi data dengan akurasi 96.96% dan sensor kelembaban tanah mampu mengakuisisi data dengan akurasi 90.91%. Perubahan parameter transmisi LoRa untuk data monitoring berakibat pada perubahan hasil performasinya. Pada pengujian dengan variasi Bandwidth (BW) dari 31,25 kHz, 62,50 kHz, 125 khz, 250 kHz, dan 500 kHz pada jarak 100m, nilai SNR dan RSSI terbaik diperoleh BW 31,25 kHz dengan nilai 5,35 dB dan -82,50 dBm. Sedangkan ToA terbaik diperoleh BW 500 kHz dengan nilai 28,30 ms. Pada pengujian dengan variasi Coding Rate (CR) dari CR 4/5, 4/6, 4/7, dan 4/8 pada jarak 100m, nilai SNR dan RSSI terbaik diperoleh CR 4/8 dengan nilai 3,85 dB dan -80,20 dBm. Sedangkan ToA terbaik diperoleh CR 4/5 dengan nilai 112,60 ms. Pada pengujian dengan variasi Spreading Factor (SF) dari SF7, SF9, dan SF12, semakin tinggi nilai SF yang pakai maka area jangkauan komunikasi data akan semakin luas. Konfigurasi SF7 dan SF9 hanya mampu menjangkau jarak 300m, sedangkan SF12 mampu menjangkau jarak 500m

    Prevalence of hepatitis B in the blood donors of NW. F.P and FATA regions and the current scenario of HBV infection in Pakistan

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    Hepatitis B is a fatal liver disease caused by the hepatitis B virus. In this study, blood donors from various districts of the North-western frontier province and the federally administered tribal area (FATA) of Pakistan were tested for HBsAg and HBV DNA by ICT (Immuno-chromatographic test), ELISA and RTPCR. Out of the 7148 blood donors, 244 (3.41%) were positive for HBsAg by ICT, 147 (2.05%) by ELISA while 132 (1.85%) were positive by PCR. Our data indicates that the incidence of hepatitis B has decreased in these regions in recent times.Key words: HBV, HBsAg, Pakistan

    AZF micro-deletion in azoospermia and severe oligospermia: Molecular & histopathological study in Duhok Province

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    Y chromosome micro-deletion (YCM) is a group of genetic diseases caused by missing gene (s) in specific regions of the Y chromosome. Many individuals with YCM show no manifestations and lead normal life. On the other hand, YCM is known to exist in a significant number of infertile males. Forty adult patients suffering from severe oligospermia and azoospermia were enrolled in the present study. Seminal fluid analyses were performed, and a blood sample was obtained for hormonal analysis and DNA extraction. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) profiles were measured and those who are azoospermic with normal FSH levels were subjected to testicular biopsy. The results revealed that 23 patients were azoospermic while 17 patients were severe oligospermic. It is also shown that ten azoospermic patients had normal serum gonadotrophin levels thus they were directed for testicular biopsy. Histopathological examination of testicular biopsy showed that four patients had obstructive azoospermia while the remaining six suffered maturation arrest. DNA was extracted according to the standard proteinase K/phenol-chloroform method in the medical biotechnology laboratory/Scientific Research Center/University of Duhok. Multiplex PCR was performed for genes located in the azoospermia factor (AZF) regions (AZFa, AZFb, and AZFc) to detect any possible micro-deletions. Y chromosome micro-deletions were determined in 26 patients out of a total of 40 patients. Micro-deletions in the AZFc sub-region appeared in 16 out of 26 patients (61.5 %), and 10 (38.5 %) sample showed AZFb, however, AZFa micro-deletion was not detected in any of the patients. In conclusion, it has been found that Y chromosome micro-deletions in the AZF region can be a determining factor for male infertility and the resultant manifestations

    Caracterización de aceites de semillas de diferentes variedades de sandía [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)] procedentes del Pakistán

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    This paper reports the physicochemical characteristics of the seed oils from different varieties of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivated in Pakistan, namely Sugar Baby, Q-F-12, D-W-H-21 and Red Circle-1885. The oil and crude protein contents from watermelon seeds, within the range of 28.25 to 35.65% and 20.50 to 35.00%, respectively, varied significantly (p < 0.05) among the varieties tested. The levels of moisture, ash, and crude fiber in the seeds tested were found to be 2.16-3.24%, 1.95-3.42% and 4.29-6.60%, respectively. The physicohemical characteristics of the extracted oils were: free fatty acid contents (1.17-2.10% as oleic acid), iodine value (97.10-116.32 g of I2 100g-1 of oil), saponification index (190.20-205.57 mg KOH g-1 of oil), unsaponifiable matter (0.54-0.82%) and color (1.12-4.30 R + 12.20-33.40 Y). The oils revealed a reasonable oxidative parameter range as depicted by the determinations of specific extinction at 232 and 270 nm (2.90-4.40 and 2.05- 3.09, respectively), p-anisidine value (5.60-7.70) and peroxide value (2.90-5.06 meqO2 kg-1 of oil). Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid found in all the seed oils with contributions of 45.30-51.80% of the total fatty acids (FA). Other fatty acids detected were known to be oleic acid (20.2- 23.5%), palmitic acid (15.1-16.9%) and stearic acid (11.5- 14.4%). The contents of α- and δ-tocopherol in the oils accounted for 120.6-195.6 and 9.1-58.3 mg kg-1, respectively. The physicochemical attributes of the watermelon seed oils showed a wider variation among the varieties tested. The results of the present study indicate that the seeds of the tested watermelon varieties from Pakistan are a potential source of high-linoleic oil and thus can be explored for commercial use and value addition.Se presentan las características físico-químicas de aceites de diferentes variedades de semillas de sandías (Citrullus lanatus) cultivadas en Pakistán: Sugar Baby, QF-12, DWH-21 y Círculo rojo-1885. El aceite y el contenido de proteína cruda de las semillas de sandía están dentro de los rangos: 28,25-35,65% y 20,50-35,00%, respectivamente y varian significativamente (p < 0,05) entre las variedades ensayadas. Los niveles de humedad, fibra cruda y cenizas en las semillas se encontró entre 2.16-3.24%, 1.95-3.42% y 4.29-6.60%, respectivamente. Las características fisico-químicas estudiadas de los aceites extraídos fueron: contenido de ácidos grasos libres (1.17-2.10% de ácido oleico), índice de yodo (97,10-116,32 g de I2 100 g-1 de aceite), índice de saponificación (190,20-205,57 mg de KOH g-1 de aceite), insaponificable (0,54-0.82%) y color (1.12-4.30 de I + 12.20- 33.40 y). Los aceites presentaron unos rangos de los parámetros de oxidación razonables, como se muestra en las determinaciones de la extinción específica a 232 y 270 nm (2.90-4.40 y 2.05-3.09 respectivamente), valores de p-anisidina (5.60-7.70) e índice de peróxidos (2,90-5,06 meqO2 kg-1 de aceite). El ácido linoleico es el principal ácido graso que se encuentra en todos los aceites de las semillas, con una contribución del 45.30-51.80% del total de ácidos grasos. Otros ácidos grasos determinados fueron oleico, 20,2-23,5%, palmítico, 15,1-16,9%) y esteárico, 11,5-14,4%. El contenido de α- y δ-tocoferol en los aceites fué de 120,6-195,6 y 9,1- 58,3 mg kg-1, respectivamente. Los atributos físico-químicos de los aceites de semillas de sandía variaron significativamente entre las variedades ensayadas. Los resultados del presente estudio indican que las semillas de las variedades de sandía ensayadas procedentes de Pakistán son una fuente potencial aceites con alto contenido en ácido linoleico y, por lo tanto, se puede explorar para usos comerciales y productos con valor añadido

    Kinetic and thermodynamic study of oxidative degradation of acid yellow 17 dye by Fenton-like process: Effect of HCO3−, CO32−, Cl− and SO42− on dye degradation

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    We report here the degradation of AY-17 dye using Fenton-like process (H2O2/Fe3+). The maximum degradation (83%) of AY17 dye is achieved at pH 3 in 60 min, with optimum concentrations of AY 17 (0.06 mM), H2O2 (0.9 mM), and Fe2+ (0.06 mM). The scavenging effects of HCO3−, CO32−, Cl− and SO42− on dye degradation are also examined. The activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (rH*), and activation entropy (rS*) are calculated for the dye degradation using pseudo-first-order kinetics at various temperature.               KEY WORDS: Acid Yellow 17, H2O2/Fe3+, Fenton-like process, Oxidative degradation, Scavenging effects Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2019, 33(2), 243-254.DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v33i2.

    Characterization of seed oils from different varieties of watermelon [<i>Citrullus lanatus</i> (Thunb.)] from Pakistan

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    This paper reports the physicochemical characteristics of the seed oils from different varieties of watermelon (<i>Citrullus lanatus</i>) cultivated in Pakistan, namely Sugar Baby, Q-F-12, D-W-H-21 and Red Circle-1885. The oil and crude protein contents from watermelon seeds, within the range of 28.25 to 35.65% and 20.50 to 35.00%, respectively, varied significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) among the varieties tested. The levels of moisture, ash, and crude fiber in the seeds tested were found to be 2.16-3.24%, 1.95-3.42% and 4.29-6.60%, respectively. The physicohemical characteristics of the extracted oils were: free fatty acid contents (1.17-2.10% as oleic acid), iodine value (97.10-116.32 g of I2 100g<sup>-1</sup> of oil), saponification index (190.20-205.57 mg KOH g<sup>-1</sup> of oil), unsaponifiable matter (0.54-0.82%) and color (1.12-4.30 R + 12.20-33.40 Y). The oils revealed a reasonable oxidative parameter range as depicted by the determinations of specific extinction at 232 and 270 nm (2.90-4.40 and 2.05- 3.09, respectively), <i>p</i>-anisidine value (5.60-7.70) and peroxide value (2.90-5.06 meqO<sub>2</sub> kg<sup>-1</sup> of oil). Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid found in all the seed oils with contributions of 45.30-51.80% of the total fatty acids (FA). Other fatty acids detected were known to be oleic acid (20.2- 23.5%), palmitic acid (15.1-16.9%) and stearic acid (11.5- 14.4%). The contents of α- and δ-tocopherol in the oils accounted for 120.6-195.6 and 9.1-58.3 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The physicochemical attributes of the watermelon seed oils showed a wider variation among the varieties tested. The results of the present study indicate that the seeds of the tested watermelon varieties from Pakistan are a potential source of high-linoleic oil and thus can be explored for commercial use and value addition.<br><br>Se presentan las características físico-químicas de aceites de diferentes variedades de semillas de sandías (Citrullus lanatus) cultivadas en Pakistán: Sugar Baby, QF-12, DWH-21 y Círculo rojo-1885. El aceite y el contenido de proteína cruda de las semillas de sandía están dentro de los rangos: 28,25-35,65% y 20,50-35,00%, respectivamente y varian significativamente (p < 0,05) entre las variedades ensayadas. Los niveles de humedad, fibra cruda y cenizas en las semillas se encontró entre 2.16-3.24%, 1.95-3.42% y 4.29-6.60%, respectivamente. Las características fisico-químicas estudiadas de los aceites extraídos fueron: contenido de ácidos grasos libres (1.17-2.10% de ácido oleico), índice de yodo (97,10-116,32 g de I2 100 g<sup>-1</sup> de aceite), índice de saponificación (190,20-205,57 mg de KOH g<sup>-1</sup> de aceite), insaponificable (0,54-0.82%) y color (1.12-4.30 de I + 12.20- 33.40 y). Los aceites presentaron unos rangos de los parámetros de oxidación razonables, como se muestra en las determinaciones de la extinción específica a 232 y 270 nm (2.90-4.40 y 2.05-3.09 respectivamente), valores de <i>p</i>-anisidina (5.60-7.70) e índice de peróxidos (2,90-5,06 meqO<sub>2</sub> kg<sup>-1</sup> de aceite). El ácido linoleico es el principal ácido graso que se encuentra en todos los aceites de las semillas, con una contribución del 45.30-51.80% del total de ácidos grasos. Otros ácidos grasos determinados fueron oleico, 20,2-23,5%, palmítico, 15,1-16,9%) y esteárico, 11,5-14,4%. El contenido de α- y δ-tocoferol en los aceites fué de 120,6-195,6 y 9,1- 58,3 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectivamente. Los atributos físico-químicos de los aceites de semillas de sandía variaron significativamente entre las variedades ensayadas. Los resultados del presente estudio indican que las semillas de las variedades de sandía ensayadas procedentes de Pakistán son una fuente potencial aceites con alto contenido en ácido linoleico y, por lo tanto, se puede explorar para usos comerciales y productos con valor añadido

    Biological and integrated control of the root rot caused by Armillaria mellea

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    SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN019151 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
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