The Development ofaWeb-based Content Management System for Busmess Organizations

This project describes the importance of content management system (CMS) to be used by any business organization to provide more dynamic content to attract and retain customers. The study analyzes the best features of content management system (CMS) can offer to the users and also ensure that the final product will cover both content availability and content quality including credibility, usability and utility. The analysis covers the use of content management system (CMS) in the internet web of a business organization for web publishing rather than to emphasize the usage of content management system (CMS) in the government website. This project will go through five (5) phases which includes Planning Phase, Analysis Phase, Design Phase, Development Phase, and Testing Phase. Findings from research have shown that there are literally hundreds of content management systems (CMS) in the marketplace at present, with having various capabilities and strengths for each of them. Perhaps that there is much more content management system (CMS), which provided by the vendors will completely ensure both the content availability and content quality. Finally, by having this applied research and system development project, hopefully it can create a better content management system (CMS) with additional features provided appropriately for any business organization that promote their products through website in supporting the creation andmanagement of content in a collaborative environment

The Development ofaWeb-based Content Management System for Busmess Organizations

This project describes the importance of content management system (CMS) to be used by any business organization to provide more dynamic content to attract and retain customers. The study analyzes the best features of content management system (CMS) can offer to the users and also ensure that the final product will cover both content availability and content quality including credibility, usability and utility. The analysis covers the use of content management system (CMS) in the internet web of a business organization for web publishing rather than to emphasize the usage of content management system (CMS) in the government website. This project will go through five (5) phases which includes Planning Phase, Analysis Phase, Design Phase, Development Phase, and Testing Phase. Findings from research have shown that there are literally hundreds of content management systems (CMS) in the marketplace at present, with having various capabilities and strengths for each of them. Perhaps that there is much more content management system (CMS), which provided by the vendors will completely ensure both the content availability and content quality. Finally, by having this applied research and system development project, hopefully it can create a better content management system (CMS) with additional features provided appropriately for any business organization that promote their products through website in supporting the creation andmanagement of content in a collaborative environment

The characterisation of WHIRLY1 functions in chloroplast development

Chloroplast biogenesis requires coordinated expression of plastome and nuclear genes. The single-stranded DNA binding protein, WHIRLY1 (WHY1), which is localised in chloroplasts and nuclei has important but poorly characterised roles in this process. WHY1 functions in barley chloroplast development were assessed in the base, middle and tip sections of two RNAi-knockdown lines (W1-1 and W1-7) with less than 5% of the wild type protein. RNA-seq analysis revealed that transcripts encoding photosynthetic proteins were highly expressed in the embryos of the dry seeds of the W1-7 compared to the wild type. The greening of the developing leaves was delayed in the WHY1-deficient seedlings relative to the wild type, with slower pigment accumulation and attainment of photosynthetic capacity in the WHY1-deficient leaves. However, the leaves of all lines reached a similar stage of chloroplast development at 14 days after germination. Transcript and metabolite profiling analysis showed changes in RNA and amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, photosynthesis and photorespiration, particularly in the basal sections of the WHY1-deficient leaves. The expression of the plastid-encoded ribosomal genes was greatly increased in the WHY1-deficient lines, including transcripts involved in RNA processing such as pentatricopeptide repeat proteins, redox-associated proteins and transcription factors of the MYB, bHLH and WRKY families. The levels of transcripts encoding FAR1, Val-tRNA synthetase and chloroplast 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits were significantly higher in the basal sections of the W1-7 leaves than the wild type. The WHY1-deficient leaves had twice the amount of plastid DNA as the wild type. Nevertheless, plastome-encoded transcripts and proteins were significantly lower than the wild type. Conversely, the levels of nuclear-encoded photosynthetic transcripts and proteins were significantly higher that the wild type. Developing WHY1-deficient leaves showed aberrant splicing of plastid ribosomal RNAs of 23S and 4.5 ribosomal RNAs. The Arabidopsis WHY1 protein interacted with the RH22, which is required for the splicing of chloroplast rRNAs. The LEA5 protein was also shown to interact with RH22 in the chloroplasts. WHY1 therefore has multiple roles in chloroplasts. In particular, plastid-encoded ribosomal transcripts are not effectively translated into ribosomal subunits in the absence of WHY1 during early leaf development. WHY1 is required for the transcription and translation of plastome genes that are required for the transition from plastids to chloroplasts in the developing barley leaf

Deterrent Factors in Urban Farming Participation

Urban farming is the practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around urban areas. Urban farming is a relatively new trend in Malaysia and has increased in recent years. As urban farming remains to be promoted by municipal governments and others, it is essential to understand how to ensure these projects are viable. This study was conducted to identify the deterrent factors that hinder the "community buy-in" in the urban farming projects and how to overcome the problem so that "community buy-in" in the urban farming project will be achieved and sustain in the future.Keywords: Urban Farming; Deterrent Factors; Participation; Community Buy-IneISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.206

A new technique to improve the machinability of hardened steel AISI H13 in end milling

Hardened materials like AISI H13 steel are generally regarded as difficult to cut materials because of their high hardness due to high carbon content, which however allows them to be used extensively as the hot working tools like, dies and moulds. The challenges in machining this steel in hardened state led to many research works dedicated towards enhancing its machinability. In this work, preheating technique has been used to improve machinability of the material under different cutting conditions..

WHIRLY1 functions in the nucleus to regulate barley leaf development and associated metabolite profiles

The WHIRLY (WHY) DNA/RNA binding proteins fulfil multiple but poorly characterised functions in leaf development. Here, we show that WHY1 transcript levels were highest in the bases of 7-day old barley leaves. Immunogold labelling revealed that the WHY1 protein was more abundant in the nuclei than the proplastids of the leaf bases. To identify transcripts associated with leaf development we conducted hierarchical clustering of differentially abundant transcripts along the developmental gradient of wild-type leaves. Similarly, metabolite profiling was employed to identify metabolites exhibiting a developmental gradient. A comparative analysis of transcripts and metabolites in barley lines (W1–1 and W1–7) lacking WHY1, which show delayed greening compared with the wild type revealed that the transcript profile of leaf development was largely unchanged in W1–1 and W1–7 leaves. However, there were differences in levels of several transcripts encoding transcription factors associated with chloroplast development. These include a barley homologue of the Arabidopsis GATA transcription factor that regulates stomatal development, greening and chloroplast development, NAC1; two transcripts with similarity to Arabidopsis GLK1 and two transcripts encoding ARF transcriptions factors with functions in leaf morphogenesis and development. Chloroplast proteins were less abundant in the W1–1 and W1–7 leaves than the wild type. The levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and GABA were significantly lower in WHY1 knockdown leaves than the wild type. This study provides evidence that WHY1 is localised in the nuclei of leaf bases, contributing the regulation of nuclear-encoded transcripts that regulate chloroplast development

Gene expression of Anx3 in Pb-treated Nicotiana tabacum using a real-time RT-PCR

Lead (Pb) is one of the highly persistent, toxic, and widely distributed heavy metal pollutants in the environment. This heavy metal has a tendency to enter human food chain, thus affecting public health. One effective way to remove heavy metals pollutant is by using plants, a technology known as phytoremediation. One such plant that is routinely employed as an experimental model for such studies is Nicotiana tabacum. As tobacco plants are not generally consumed by herbivores, it minimizes the possibility of Pb from entering food chain. A number of studies suggest that annexins, a calcium-binding protein, does play a role in plant stress response. The expression of annexin gene in plants appeared to be regulated by tissue-specific developmental and environmental signal. A vacuole-associated annexin from N. tabacum, Anx3, was investigated, to observe the involvement of this gene in Pb-induced stress. Reverse transcription following quantitative real-time 0olymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a useful analysis to study gene expression. In this analysis, a reference gene that acts as internal control (housekeeping gene) is routinely employed for normalization of qRT-PCR against the target gene (Anx3). The candidate reference genes, L25, EF-1α, and Ntubc2, were evaluated using suitable primer pairs in order to select the most stable reference gene for normalization of qRT-PCR in this study. Using geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper programs, the most suitable reference gene identified in this study was L25. The relative quantification of Anx3 gene expression normalizing against L25 was accomplished by REST software. The expression level of Anx3 in Pb-treated N. tabacum was upregulated by 2.2-fold (p < 0.05). The experimental methods used and the participation of Anx3 in defense against Pb stress will be discussed