Making midwives legal: childbirth, medicine, and the law

(print) xxxiii, 232 p. ; 22 cm2nd ed.Originally published: Regulating birth. 1985. With new pref. and epilogueSeries editors' preface -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Midwifery, medicine, and the law. p.3 -- 2. The emergence of midwifery regulation. p.21 -- 3. Midwifery in the legislature: licensing laws in Arizona, Texas, and California. p.47 -- 4. Midwifery in action: the influence of law on practice. p.89 -- 5. Midwifery on trial: violations of regulatory law by midwives. p.119 -- 6. Conclusion: birth, medicine, and the law. p.139 -- Appendix: on researching midwifery. p.155 -- Epilogue: the trap of legal recognition. p.163 -- Notes. p.183 -- References. p.189 -- Index. p.22

Beroepenmobiliteit: Bruikbaarheid longitudinale gegevens Enquête Beroepsbevolking

Deze studie is een verslag van een gezamenlijk onderzoek van het Centraal Bureau voorde Statistiek (CBS) en het Researchcentrum voor Onderwijs en Arbeidsmarkt (ROA).De studie is een onderdeel van zowel het CBS-speerpunt Sociale dynamiek enuitbreiding Arbeidsrekeningen, in het bijzonder het project Onderwijs enberoepsloopbaan, als het Project Onderwijs-Arbeidsmarkt van het ROA. Het ProjectOnderwijs-Arbeidsmarkt wordt gefinancierd door het Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuuren Wetenschap (OCW), het Uitvoeringsinstituut Werknemersverzekeringen (UWV), hetUWV Werkbedrijf, het Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit (LNV), desamenwerkende kenniscentra voor beroepsonderwijs en bedrijfsleven COLO, RandstadNederland en de Raad voor Werk en Inkomen (RWI).De hoofdstukken 2, 3 en 4 zijn door het CBS samengesteld, hoofdstuk 5 door het ROA.De overige hoofdstukken zijn een gezamenlijk product. Bijlage 4 is door het ROAsamengesteld, de overige bijlagen door het CBS.De auteurs bedanken Henk-Jan Dirven, Wendy Smits, Johan van der Valk en de ledenvan de begeleidingscommissie van het Project Onderwijs-Arbeidsmarkt voor hetcommentaar op een eerdere versie.De in dit rapport weergegeven opvattingen zijn die van de auteurs en komen nietnoodzakelijk overeen met het beleid van het Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.education, training and the labour market;

The paradoxes of communication and collaboration in maternity care:A video-reflexivity study with professionals and parents

Background: Research on maternity care often focuses on factors that prevent good communication and collaboration and rarely includes important stakeholders – parents – as co-researchers. To understand how professionals and parents in Dutch maternity care accomplish constructive communication and collaboration, we examined their interactions in the clinic, looking for “good practice”. Methods: We used the video-reflexive ethnographic method in 9 midwifery practices and 2 obstetric units. Findings: We conducted 16 meetings where participants reflected on video recordings of their clinical interactions. We found that informal strategies facilitate communication and collaboration: “talk work” – small talk and humour – and “work beyond words” – familiarity, use of sight, touch, sound, and non-verbal gestures. When using these strategies, participants noted that it is important to be sensitive to context, to the values and feelings of others, and to the timing of care. Our analysis of their ways of being sensitive shows that good communication and collaboration involves “paradoxical care”, e.g., concurrent acts of “regulated spontaneity” and “informal formalities”. Discussion: Acknowledging and reinforcing paradoxical care skills will help caregivers develop the competencies needed to address the changing demands of health care. The video-reflexive ethnographic method offers an innovative approach to studying everyday work, focusing on informal and implicit aspects of practice and providing a bottom up approach, integrating researchers, professionals and parents. Conclusion: Good communication and collaboration in maternity care involves “paradoxical care” requiring social sensitivity and self-reflection, skills that should be included as part of professional training

Stakeholders' Experiences of Research Integrity Support in Universities:A Qualitative Study in three European Countries

Fostering research integrity (RI) increasingly focuses on normative guidance and supportive measures within institutions. To be successful, the implementation of support should be informed by stakeholders’ experiences of RI support. This study aims to explore experiences of RI support in Dutch, Spanish and Croatian universities. In total, 59 stakeholders (Netherlands n = 25, Spain n = 17, Croatia n = 17) participated in 16 focus groups in three European countries. Global themes on RI support experiences were identified by thematic analysis. Themes identified were: ‘RI governance and institutional implementation’, ‘RI roles and structures’, ‘RI education and supervision’, and ‘Infrastructure, technology and tools supporting daily practice’. Experiences of support differed between countries in relation to: the efforts to translate norms into practice; the extent to which RI oversight was a responsibility of RE structures, or separate RI structures; and the availability of support close to research practice, such as training, responsible supervision, and adequate tools and infrastructure. The study reinforces the importance of a whole institutional approach to RI, embedded within local jurisdictions, rules, and practices. A whole institutional approach puts the emphasis of responsibility on institutions rather than individual researchers. When such an approach is lacking, some stakeholders look for intervention by authorities, such as funders, outside of the university. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11948-022-00390-5

Ethical, legal, and social implications of learning health systems

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141917/1/lrh210051-sup-0001-Supplementary_info.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141917/2/lrh210051.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141917/3/lrh210051_am.pd

Interpretations of the Term “Actionable” when Discussing Genetic Test Results: What you Mean Is Not What I Heard

In genomic medicine, the familiarity and inexactness of the term “actionable” can lead to multiple interpretations and mistaken beliefs about realistic treatment options. As part of a larger study focusing on public attitudes toward policies for the return of secondary genomic results, we looked at how members of the lay public interpret the term “medically actionable” in the context of genetic testing. We also surveyed a convenience sample of oncologists as part of a separate study and asked them to define the term “medically actionable.” After being provided with a definition of the term, 21 out of 60 (35%) layperson respondents wrote an additional action not specified in the provided definition (12 mentioned “cure” and 9 mentioned environment or behavioral change) and 17 (28%) indicated “something can be done” with no action specified. In contrast, 52 surveyed oncologists did not mention environment, behavioral change, or cure. Based on our findings, we propose that rather than using the term “actionable” alone, providers should also say “what they mean” to reduce miscommunication and confusion that could negatively impact medical decision‐making. Lastly, to guide clinicians during patient‐ provider discussion about genetic test results, we provide examples of phrasing to facilitate clearer communication and understanding of the term “actionable.”Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149289/1/jgc41064.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149289/2/jgc41064_am.pd

Sham surgery controls in Parkinson's disease clinical trials: Views of participants

Background: Sham surgery controls are increasingly used in neurosurgical clinical trials in Parkinson's disease (PD) but remain controversial. We interviewed participants of such trials, specifically examining their understanding and attitudes regarding sham surgery. Methods: We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with participants of 3 sham surgery–controlled trials for PD, focusing on their understanding of sham design, their reactions to it, its impact on decision making, and their understanding of posttrial availability of the experimental intervention and its impact on decisions to participate. Results: All subjects (n = 90) understood the 2‐arm design; most (86%) described the procedural differences between the arms accurately. Ninety‐two percent referred to scientific or regulatory reasons as rationales for the sham control, with 62% specifically referring to the placebo effect. Ninety‐one percent said posttrial availability of the experimental intervention had a strong (48%) or some (43%) influence on their decision to participate, but only 68% understood the conditions for posttrial availability. Conclusions: Most subjects in sham surgery–controlled PD trials comprehend the sham surgery design and its rationale. Although there is room for improvement, most subjects of sham surgery trials appear to be adequately informed. © 2012 Movement Disorder SocietyPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93771/1/25155_ftp.pd

Using Intervention Mapping for Systematic Development of a Midwife-Delivered Intervention for Prevention and Reduction of Maternal Distress during Pregnancy

The authors describe how Intervention Mapping was used to develop a midwife-led intervention to prevent or reduce maternal distress during pregnancy. An extensive needs assessment showed that both pregnant women and midwives needed to be taught to recognise the vulnerability for developing maternal distress during pregnancy and how to identify maternal distress when it occurs. In addition to these mutual learning needs, women needed to learn to disclose their problems, how to handle maternal distress in their daily lives, and the value of seeking help when necessary. Midwives needed to prepare themselves to provide (collaborative) care for maternal distress. Screening and psycho-education were pathways to support self-disclosure, self-management, mobilizing support and treatment of maternal distress. Theory-based methods - such as tailoring, communicative support, individualization, advance organisers, cultural similarity, consciousness raising, elaboration, and cue altering - were built into a web-based tailored program for women. Information processing, intergroup dialogue training, verbal persuasion, providing cues, facilitation of means, and structural organization were the theory-based methods that were built into a training program and a toolbox for the midwife-delivered program. The program was introduced by means of the training given to midwives from 17 midwife-led practices in the Netherlands and proved to be effective. Finally, process and effect evaluations were planned

Психокоррекция коммуникативной формы сексуальной дезадаптации у мужчин с органическим расстройством личности и изменением полового предпочтения

Представлена разработанная автором система психотерапии коммуникативной формы сексуальной дезадаптации супругов при девиантном сексуальном поведении мужчин с органическим расстройством личности. Предложенная система апробирована с хорошим терапевтическим эффектом у дезадаптированных супружеских пар, в которых у мужей наблюдалось изменение полового предпочтения.The original system of psychotherapy for communicative sexual dysadaptation of spouses at deviant sexual behavior of men with organic personality disorders is presented. The proposed system was tested with a good therapeutic effect in dysadapted married couples, in which the husband had changes of sexual preference

PACE Solver Description: tdULL

We describe tdULL, an algorithm for computing treedepth decompositions of minimal depth. An implementation was submitted to the exact track of PACE 2020. tdULL is a branch and bound algorithm branching on inclusion-minimal separators