AS-186-85 Resolution on Leaves with Pay

Affirms the Leave with Pay Guidelines and operation of the University Professional Leave Committee

Field-Scale Experimental Designs and Spatial Econometric Methods for Precision Farming: Strip-Trial Designs for Rice Production Decision Making

Site-specific data is spatially variable, precluding traditional econometric analysis. Some field-scale experimental designs present logistical, operational and mathematical problems in estimating treatment differences, specifically when adjacent observations are of different treatments such as with strip-trial designs. A modified spatial interaction structure is presented to analyze strip-trial designs with spatial econometrics.Crop Production/Industries,

Closed-drift thruster investigations

Recent data obtained from a second generation closed-drift thruster design, employing Hall current acceleration is outlined. This type device is emphasized for electric propulsion for geocentric mission applications. Because geocentric mission profiles are best achieved with a specific impulse range of 1000 to 2000 s, closed-drift thrusters are well suited for this application, permitting time payload compromises intermediate of those possible with either electrothermal or electrostatic devices. A discussion is presented of the potential advantages of using a 1000 to 2000 s device for one way orbit raising of nonpower payloads. Because closed-drift thruster operation is not space charge limited, and requires only one power circuit for steady state operation, their application is technically advantageous. Beam, plasma and thrust characteristics are detailed for a range of operating conditions

Approximate Solutions For Distillation Rating And Operating Problems Using The Smoker Equations

Algorithms for rapid solution of implicit variables in the Smoker design equations are presented. The accuracy of these solutions in the context of distillation rating and operating problems Is evaluated for distillation systems where more rigorous physical property assumptions are known to apply. Alternative methods of initially fitting the Smoker equations to rigorous tray-by-tray material and energy balance calculations as well as methods extending the procedure to handle multicomponent systems are discussed. These methods are well suited for many optimization, reliability, and control studies as well as for the fast real-time calculations such as interactive computations or on-line control. © 1982, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved

Evolution and current state of financial accounting concepts and standards in the nonbusiness sector

This article presents a condensed history of significant post 1900 developments in nonbusiness financial accounting practices and standards, and highlights some of the major issues in the recent increase in interest and activity in nonbusiness accounting. It includes consideration of federal, state, and local government units along with various types of nongovernmental nonbusiness entities. The initial section of the article traces both the development of fund accounting techniques and the discovery of their inadequacies. Next, the article discusses developments in standard-setting and the search for a sound theoretical foundation. Finally, it presents a current profile of nonbusiness accounting. The article implies that nonbusiness accounting can no longer be treated as a secondary consideration. The nonbusiness sector is a major component of the environment that requires sound financial accounting and reporting standards and practices

Some psychological benefits of urban nature: Mental vitality from time spent in nearby nature.

A one-time era of vast energy and natural resources allowed an industrial civilization to emerge and flourish. This gift of resources allowed for the building of modern society’s infrastructure and the flood of goods and services. Those resources, however, were never limitless. The coming decline in resource availability and quality will significantly alter individual and community life patterns, and initiate a drawn-out transition to a new normal. These changes in the biophysical basis of everyday life will tax our social, emotional and attentional capacities. Individuals will struggle to remain clearheaded and effective while coping with immutable biophysical limits. It is here that psychology will play a major role since what is being faced is not a technological or political challenge but an existential one. Psychological research posits that time spent in nature restores our mental effectiveness, emotional outlook and subjective well-being. Furthermore, the full psychological benefits of nature may not require exceptional natural environments such as scenic parks, exquisite gardens or immense green spaces. Everyday nature, even that judged to be mundane, may suffice. This is an important notion since nature in small-scale neighborhood settings is inexpensive to maintain and widely accessible to the vast majority of people. This chapter explores this idea, first by developing the theoretical basis for using ordinary nature to restore mental and social effectiveness and second by presenting a study of two designed residential neighborhoods that differ dramatically on the quality and amount of nearby nature. Results of the study are consistent with theory and prior research in indicating that residents who committed to spending time outdoors in their neighborhood showed greater mental clarity and effectiveness, regardless of the quality of the surrounding natural settings. Considered together, the theory and results support the suggestion that exposure to nearby nature significantly benefits mental functioning even in the absence of superlative design features. Time spent in everyday nature, which is available to most people, is as effective as experiencing the breathtaking beauty of extraordinary natural settings. The chapter presents these findings as having important implications for citizens who must maintain their mental clarity and emotional stability while responding to trying environmental circumstances. Even under a business-as-usual resource scenario, budget constraints and existing land use patterns make it difficult to create new natural areas. A scenario that includes a reduction of net energy surplus and a descent in natural resource availability makes these findings all the more useful.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136087/1/De Young, R., K. Scheuer, T. Brown, T. Crow & J. Stewart (2017) Some psychological benefits of urban nature, in Columbus, A. M. (Ed.) Advances in Psychology Research 116 (Pp. 93-120).pdfDescription of De Young, R., K. Scheuer, T. Brown, T. Crow & J. Stewart (2017) Some psychological benefits of urban nature, in Columbus, A. M. (Ed.) Advances in Psychology Research 116 (Pp. 93-120).pdf : Main articl

Indium-tin oxide thin films by metal-organic decomposition

In2O3-SnO2 films were produced by thermal decomposition of a deposit which was dip coated on borosilicate glass substrates from an acetylacetone solution of indium and tin acetoacetonate. Thermal analysis showed complete pyrolysis of the organics by 400 °C. The thermal decomposition reaction generated acetylacetone gas and was found to be first order with an activation energy of 13.6 Kcal/mole. Differences in thermal decomposition between the film and bulk materials were noted. As measured by differential scanning calorimetry using a 40 °C/min temperature ramp, the glass transition temperature of the deposited oxide film was found to be ∼462 °C, and the film crystallization temperature was found to be ∼518 °C. For film fabrication, thermal decomposition of the films was performed at 500 °C in air for 1 h followed by reduction for various times at 500 °C in a reducing atmosphere. Crystalline films resulted for these conditions. A resistivity of ∼1.01 × 10−3 Ω · cm, at 8 wt. % tin oxide with a transparency of ∼95% at 400 nm, has been achieved for a 273 nm thick fil

Air New England (1970-1974) : a case study of a commuter air carrier

October 1975On cover, series statement "R75-9" is the correct numbering; t.p. has "75-7" and has been corrected to "75-9" by handIncludes bibliographical referencesThis is a brief account of research by CAB staff. The success of Air New England from the beginning of its corporate life to the summer of 1974, when it was offered a certificate of public convenience and necessity by the CAB, can be attributed to a number of factors. The foremost was capable management. The management team at Air New England had previous experience operating commuter airlines in the New England area and was aware of the two major pitfalls that would undermine profitability, excess capacity and high corporate overhead, and was careful to avoid them. Further, the regulatory environment in which the commuters operated was such as to allow various competitive marketing strategies to be tried by management, such as modifying fare structures, flying different routings, and changing frequencies on routes. Additionally, the area chosen for initial market penetration, the Cape and Islands, was dense enough to support a number of airlines during the peak season, and allowed Air New England to minimize its start-up losses. Air New England's management was, of course, aware of the financial situation at Executive, its major established competitor. Air New England realized that if it was able to control its own costs, the financial difficulties that had existed at Executive during previous years would eventually lead to the disappearance of that particular competitor. (Of course, the possibility always existed that new commuters could also appear.) Thus, the emergence of Air New England as the dominant commuter air carrier in New England was a combination of management skills in all areas of airline operations combined with mismanagement on the part of their competitors. In the summer of 1974 Air New England's future was bright.Sponsored by the Department of Transportation

État de la recherche sur l’appropriation de la variation par les apprenants avancés du FL2 ou FLE

Cet état de la recherche sur l’appropriation de la variation sociolinguistique par les apprenants avancés du français langue étrangère ou langue seconde est surtout concentré sur le milieu institutionnel. Avant de présenter l’état de cette recherche, nous discutons brièvement du concept de variation sociolinguistique et nous situons cette recherche dans le domaine des études sur l’appropriation des langues secondes. Nous décrivons également les objectifs et la méthodologie d’un projet de recherche sur le français parlé par des élèves en immersion de l’Ontario, projet qui constitue une bonne illustration de cette recherche.In this paper we present a synthetic overview of the findings of research on the learning sociolinguistic variation by advanced learners of French as a foreign or second language. Our paper is chiefly focused on advanced learners in an educational setting. Before we present our overview, we discuss the notion of linguistic variation and we place the above-mentioned research in the broader field of SLA studies. We briefly describe the goals and methodology of a research project on the spoken French of Immersion students in Ontario, which constitutes a good illustration of this line of research