28 research outputs found

    Abscessos piogĂȘnicos e doenças parasitĂĄrias

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    Parasitic diseases which during their course in the host switch the immune system from a T helper 1 to a T helper 2 response may be detrimental to the host, contributing to granuloma formation, eosinophilia, hyper-IgE, and increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections. Patients and animals with acute schistosomiasis and hyper-IgE in their serum develop pyogenic liver abscess in the presence of bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The Salmonella-S. mansoni association has also been well documented. The association of tropical pyomyositis (pyogenic muscle abscess) and pyogenic liver abscess with Toxocara infection has recently been described in the same context. In tropical countries that may be an interesting explanation for the great morbidity of bacterial diseases. If the association of parasitic infections and pyogenic abscesses and/or fungal diseases are confirmed, there will be a strong case in favor of universal treatment for parasitic diseases to prevent or decrease the morbidity of superinfection with bacteria and fungi.As doenças parasitĂĄrias que durante a sua evolução no hospedeiro provocam mudança de uma resposta imune Th1 para uma resposta Th2 podem tornar-se prejudiciais ao hospedeiro, contribuindo para a formação de granulomas, eosinofilia, hiper-IgE, e suscetibilidade aumentada a infecçÔes bacterianas e fĂșngicas. Demonstrou-se recentemente que animais e pacientes com esquistossomose aguda desenvolvem abscessos hepĂĄticos piogĂȘnicos na presença de bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus. A associação da esquistossomose com bactĂ©rias do gĂȘnero Salmonella tambĂ©m encontra-se bem documentada. A infecção por Toxocara tambĂ©m parece predispor o hospedeiro a piomiosite tropical (abscesso muscular piogĂȘnico) e abscesso piogĂȘnico do fĂ­gado. Nos paĂ­ses tropicais essa poderia ser uma explicação para a maior morbidade das doenças bacterianas. Se a associação de doenças parasitĂĄrias e infecçÔes bacterianas e fĂșngicas for confirmada sobrarĂŁo argumentos favorĂĄveis ao tratamento universal das doenças parasitĂĄrias com o objetivo de prevenir ou diminuir a morbidade dessas infecçÔes

    InfecçÔes oportunistas em pacientes com aids internados em um hospital universitårio do sudeste do Brasil

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    Opportunistic diseases in HIV-infected patients have changed since the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). This study aims at evaluating the frequency of associated diseases in patients with AIDS admitted to an university hospital of Brazil, before and after HAART. The medical records of 342 HIV-infected patients were reviewed and divided into two groups: group 1 comprised 247 patients before HAART and, group 2, 95 patients after HAART. The male-to-female rate dropped from 5:1 to 2:1for HIV infection. There was an increase in the prevalence of tuberculosis and toxoplasmosis, with a decrease in Kaposi's sarcoma, histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis. A reduction of in-hospital mortality (42.0% vs. 16.9%; p = 0.00002) has also occurred. An agreement between the main clinical diagnoses and autopsy findings was observed in 10 out of 20 cases (50%). Two patients with disseminated schistosomiasis and 2 with paracoccidioidomycosis are reported. Overall, except for cerebral toxoplasmosis, it has been noticed a smaller proportion of opportunistic conditions related to severe immunosuppression in the post HAART group. There was also a significant reduction in the in-hospital mortality, possibly reflecting improvement in the treatment of the HIV infection.O espectro das doenças oportunistas em pacientes com aids vem se modificando desde a introdução da terapia antiretroviral altamente eficaz (HAART). O objetivo deste estudo Ă© o de avaliar o perfil das afecçÔes oportunistas em pacientes com aids internados em um hospital universitĂĄrio do Brasil, comparando os perĂ­odos prĂ© e pĂłs-utilização da terapia HAART. Para tanto, revisaram-se os prontuĂĄrios mĂ©dicos de 342 pacientes infectados pelo HIV, dividindo-os em dois grupos: grupo 1, composto de 247 pacientes prĂ©-HAART e grupo 2, composto de 95 pacientes pĂłs-HAART. A relação homem-mulher caiu de 5:1 para 2:1. Houve aumento da prevalĂȘncia da tuberculose e da toxoplasmose, com redução da prevalĂȘncia do sarcoma de Kaposi, da histoplasmose e da criptococose. Observou-se ainda significativa redução da mortalidade intra-hospitalar (42% vs. 16,9%; p = 0,00002). A concordĂąncia entre o principal diagnĂłstico clĂ­nico e anatomopatolĂłgico foi observada em 10 de 20 pacientes necropsiados (50%). SĂŁo relatados dois pacientes com esquistossomose disseminada e dois com paracoccidioidomicose. Em conclusĂŁo, excetuando-se a toxoplasmose, houve redução das doenças oportunistas relacionadas Ă  imunossupressĂŁo grave nos pacientes pĂłs-HAART. Observou-se significativa redução da mortalidade intra-hospitalar, possivelmente refletindo a melhora do tratamento dos pacientes HIV-positivos em nosso meio

    Salmonella-S. mansoni ASSOCIATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME

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    Two young men with Salmonella bacteraemia, active schistosomiasis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are reported. The clinical presentation comprised nonspecific signs and symptoms, such as fatigue, malaise, weight loss, diarrhoea, prolonged fever, and hepatosplenomegaly. In one patient, liver biopsy showed poorly formed granulomata around Schistosoma mansoni eggs and hepatitis. Treatment of schistosomiasis alone induced consistent clinical improvement with eventual cure of both Salmonella and S. mansoni infections. Recognition of the Salmonella-S. mansoni association in patients with AIDS is important because treatment of schistosomiasis makes a difference, improving the prognosis of this otherwise, recurrent, potentially fatal bacteraemia
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