739 research outputs found
Phenomenology of -CDM model: a possibility of accelerating Universe with positive pressure
Among various phenomenological models, a time-dependent model is selected here to investigate the -CDM cosmology.
Using this model the expressions for the time-dependent equation of state
parameter and other physical parameters are derived. It is shown that
in model accelerated expansion of the Universe takes place at negative
energy density, but with a positive pressure. It has also been possible to
obtain the change of sign of the deceleration parameter during cosmic
evolution.Comment: 16 Latex pages, 11 figures, Considerable modifications in the text;
Accepted in IJT
Close encounters: Analyzing how social similarity and propinquity contribute to strong network connections.
Models of network formation emphasize the importance of social similarity and propinquity in producing strong interpersonal connections. The positive effect each factor can have on tie strength has been documented across a number of studies, and yet we know surprisingly very little about how the two factors combine to produce strong ties. Being in close proximity could either amplify or dampen the positive effect that social similarity can have on tie strength. Data on tie strength among teachers working in five public schools were analyzed to shed light on this theoretical question. The empirical results indicate that teachers who were similar in age were more likely to be connected by a strong tie, especially teachers for whom age similarity was more likely to be salient. Moreover, teachers who took breaks at the same time or who had classrooms on the same floor communicated more frequently and felt more emotionally attached. Among the public school teachers, propinquity amplified the positive effect that age similarity had on tie strength. The strongest network connections occurred among age-similar teachers who had classrooms on the same floor. The empirical results illustrate the value of considering how social similarity and propinquity contribute to strong ties independently and when combined with each other
A Measurement of the KL Charge Asymmetry
We present a measurement of the charge asymmetry in the mode based on 298 million analyzed decays. We measure a
value of , in good
agreement with previous measurements and 2.4 times more precise than the
current best published result. The result is used to place more stringent
limits on CPT and violation in the neutral kaon system.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters, Dec 31, 2001. 4 pages, 4
figure
Measurements of the rare decay K_{L} -> e^{+} e^{-} e^{+} e^{-}
We observe 441 K_{L} -> e^{+} e^{-} e^{+} e^{-} candidate events with a
background of 4.2 events and measure B(K_{L} -> e^{+} e^{-} e^{+} e^{-}) =
(3.72 \pm 0.18(stat) \pm 0.23(syst)) \times 10^{-8} in the KTeV/E799II
experiment at Fermilab. Using the distribution of the angle between the planes
of the e^{+} e^{-} pairs, we measure the CP parameters beta_{CP} = -0.23 \pm
0.09(stat) \pm 0.02(syst) and gamma_{CP} = -0.09 \pm 0.09(stat) \pm 0.02(syst).
We also present the first detailed study of the e^{+} e^{-} invariant mass
spectrum in this decay mode.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
First Observation of the decay KL -> pi0 e e gamma
We report on the first observation of the decay KL -> pi0 ee gamma by the
KTeV E799 experiment at Fermilab. Based upon a sample of 48 events with an
estimated background of 3.6 +/- 1.1 events, we measure the KL -> pi0 ee gamma
branching ratio to be (2.34 +/- 0.35 +/- 0.13)x10^{-8}. Our data agree with
recent O(p^6) calculations in chiral perturbation theory that include
contributions from vector meson exchange through the parameter a_V. A fit was
made to the KL -> pi0 ee gamma data for a_V with the result -0.67 +/- 0.21 +/-
0.12, which is consistent with previous results from KTeV.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters, 5 pages, 5 figure
Search for the K(L) --> PI0 PI0 E+ E- Decay in the KTeV Experiment
The recent discovery of a large CP violating asymmetry in K(L) --> PI+ PI- E+
E- mode has prompted us to seach for the associated K(L) --> PI0 PI0 E+ E-
decay mode in the KTeV-E799 experiment at Fermilab. In 2.7E+11 K(L) decays, one
candidate event has been observed with an expected background of 0.3 event,
resulting in an upper limit for the K(L) --> PI0 PI0 E+ E- branching ratio of
6.6E-09 at the 90% confidence level.Comment: To be published in Phys. Rev. Let
Radiative Decay Width Measurements of Neutral Kaon Excitations Using the Primakoff Effect
We produce a sample consisting of 147 candidate events, with minimal
backgrounds, of the mixed axial vector pair K1(1270)-K1(1400) by exciting Kl's
in the Coulomb field of lead and report the first measurements of the radiative
widths Gamma_r(K1(1400)) = 280.8+-23.2(stat)+-40.4(syst) keV and
Gamma_r(K1(1270)) = 73.2+- 6.1(stat)+-28.3(syst) keV. We also place 90% CL
upper limits Gamma_r(K*(1410)) < 52.9 keV for the vector state and
Gamma_r(K2*(1430)) < 5.4 keV for the tensor state. These measurements allow for
significant tests of quark-model predictions of radiative widths for the
low-lying vector mesons.Comment: PRL-size article, 4 figure
A New Measurement of the Radiative Ke3 Branching Ratio and Photon Spectrum
We present a preliminary report on a new measurement of the radiative neutral
Ke3 branching ratio and the first study of the photon spectrum in this decay.
We find BR(Ke3g, E*_g>30 GeV, Th*_eg>20 deg)/BR(Ke3) =
0.911+-0.009(stat)+0.021-0.010(syst)%. Our measurement of the spectrum is
consistent with inner bremsstrahlung only as the source of photons at the 2
sigma level.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, proceedings paper from Meson 2000, Cracow,
Poland, May 200
Measurements of Direct CP Violation, CPT Symmetry, and Other Parameters in the Neutral Kaon System
We present a series of measurements based on K -> pi+pi- and K -> pi0pi0
decays collected in 1996-1997 by the KTeV experiment (E832) at Fermilab. We
compare these four K -> pipi decay rates to measure the direct CP violation
parameter Re(e'/e) = (20.7 +- 2.8) x 10^-4. We also test CPT symmetry by
measuring the relative phase between the CP violating and CP conserving decay
amplitudes for K->pi+pi- (phi+-) and for K -> pi0pi0 (phi00). We find the
difference between the relative phases to be Delta-phi = phi00 - phi+- = (+0.39
+- 0.50) degrees and the deviation of phi+- from the superweak phase to be
phi+- - phi_SW =(+0.61 +- 1.19) degrees; both results are consistent with CPT
symmetry. In addition, we present new measurements of the KL-KS mass difference
and KS lifetime: Delta-m = (5261 +- 15) x 10^6 hbar/s and tauS = (89.65 +-
0.07) x 10^-12 s.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. D, August 6, 2002; 37 pages, 32 figure
Status of Muon Collider Research and Development and Future Plans
The status of the research on muon colliders is discussed and plans are
outlined for future theoretical and experimental studies. Besides continued
work on the parameters of a 3-4 and 0.5 TeV center-of-mass (CoM) energy
collider, many studies are now concentrating on a machine near 0.1 TeV (CoM)
that could be a factory for the s-channel production of Higgs particles. We
discuss the research on the various components in such muon colliders, starting
from the proton accelerator needed to generate pions from a heavy-Z target and
proceeding through the phase rotation and decay ()
channel, muon cooling, acceleration, storage in a collider ring and the
collider detector. We also present theoretical and experimental R & D plans for
the next several years that should lead to a better understanding of the design
and feasibility issues for all of the components. This report is an update of
the progress on the R & D since the Feasibility Study of Muon Colliders
presented at the Snowmass'96 Workshop [R. B. Palmer, A. Sessler and A.
Tollestrup, Proceedings of the 1996 DPF/DPB Summer Study on High-Energy Physics
(Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, CA, 1997)].Comment: 95 pages, 75 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Special Topics,
Accelerators and Beam
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