Study on Sedation with Local Analgesia in Calves

Abstract. The effect of sedatives and analgesics on heart rate, respiration rate and rectal temperature were observed. Heart rate and respiration rate significantly decreased during sedation with xylazine hydrochloride plus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride or 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride. A significantly decreased heart rate and respiration rate also found during sedation with diazepam plus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride or 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride. Two percent lignocaine hydrochloride showed short onset, rapid spreading and no side effect. Duration of analgesia was longer with 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride (55.88±1.58 min in Group B and 48±11.25 min in Group D) compared to 2% lignocaine hydrochloride (39.60±5.77 min in Group A and 43.6±5.81 min in Group C). Xylazine hydrochloride showed short onset and long duration of sedation compared to diazepam. So for herniorraphy, xylazine hydrochloride can be used as a better sedative while 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride can be used as a local analgesic for longer duration of action.Key Words: lignocaine hydrochloride, sedation, analgesiaNC Sarker et al/Animal Production 13(3):191-197 (2011

A Study Of The Relation Between Preschool Experiences And Achievement In Reading In The First Grade

It was the purpose of this study to determine as nearly as possible what the preschool experiences are for one first grade class, and to explore the possible relationship between success in reading in the first grade and selected experiences before entering school

Therapeutic Effects Of HPLC-Isolated Subfractions From Ethanolic Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extracts On Cancer And Inflammatory Diseases

The nutrient-dense and medicinal plant, Moringa oleifera (MO), has numerous reported therapeutic applications, which makes it a popular nutraceutical on the natural product market. However, scientists have only recently started to verify the therapeutic potential of MO products. Previous studies in our labs have shown potent anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects associated with ethanolic MO whole-leaf extracts. To further investigate potential applications of these MO extracts, our current project uses high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate bioactive compounds from the whole extract into distinct subfractions. We hypothesized that these HPLC-isolated MO subfractions could exhibit therapeutic effects in a cancer microenvironment by decreasing cancer cell viability and attenuating inflammatory cytokine production. Our results indicated that several of the subfractions significantly decreased the viability of HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells in a dose and time dependent manner. Additionally, these subfractions decreased macrophage secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of inflammation. Overall, these data indicate that compounds in MO may be explored as an alternative treatment option for some cancers and inflammatory disorders. Further studies will seek to identify the bioactive compounds in our subfractions using analytical chemistry techniques

Genetic and phenotypic variation among fox squirrels in eastern North Carolina

The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill) ecosystem serves as habitat for the eastern fox squirrel (Sciurus niger L) in the southeastern United States and has been reduced in size and fragmented. Fragmentation often leads to loss of genetic diversity and an increase in population structure of species. To determine if this is happening in the fox squirrels of North Carolina, five microsatellite loci and phenotypic variation were used to compare geographic variation among fox squirrel populations. Fox squirrels showed a low level of population subdivision indicated by FST values of 0.010 to 0.017. In contrast, FIS values were higher (0.222 to 0.230) indicating that inbreeding could be causing a loss of genetic diversity. Linear regression showed a positive correlation between individual weight and longitude and ANOVA analysis revealed squirrels were significantly heavier and shorter west of 78°W longitude, which runs just east of Wilmington N.C. North Carolina fox squirrels were found to be less heterozygous than those of the Midwestern United States, and one locus (FO-41) showed a major decrease in heterozygosity since 1983. Future management of fox squirrels should focus on maintaining habitat and population numbers sufficient to avoid inbreeding. Introducing individuals from other areas may help to increase overall genetic diversity which should also conserve the overall fitness of North Carolina's fox squirrels as it has with other species

The Beliefs of K-12 Public School Principals About Disabilities and How Those Beliefs Inform Their Leadership of Students With Disabilities

The leadership of the school principal is an integral part of a successful school. A principal’s leadership goes beyond hiring teachers, managing building, and balancing budgets. The leadership of principals involves their work with instruction and influence on students. A principals’ leadership is shaped by factors that include knowledge, skill, experiences, and beliefs. The beliefs of principals have a direct impact on the leadership of principals. This phenomenological case study investigated what principals’ believed about disability and how these beliefs influenced their leadership of students with disabilities. Principles developed by the Council of Exceptional Children were used as the conceptual framework of the study. Through the use of interviews, principals indicated what they believed about disability, leadership of students with disabilities, the relevancy of degree programs, and needs they had in leading students with disabilities. Three major themes were drawn from the interviews. These themes included leadership, experiences, and knowledge. In addition to the emerging themes, the study provided answers to the original research questions and a revision to the original conceptual framework. Implications for principals, local education agencies, and graduate school programs are included along with suggestions for future research

Study on Sedation with Local Analgesia in Calves

. The effect of sedatives and analgesics on heart rate, respiration rate and rectal temperature were observed. Heart rate and respiration rate significantly decreased during sedation with xylazine hydrochloride plus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride or 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride. A significantly decreased heart rate and respiration rate also found during sedation with diazepam plus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride or 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride. Two percent lignocaine hydrochloride showed short onset, rapid spreading and no side effect. Duration of analgesia was longer with 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride (55.88±1.58 min in Group B and 48±11.25 min in Group D) compared to 2% lignocaine hydrochloride (39.60±5.77 min in Group A and 43.6±5.81 min in Group C). Xylazine hydrochloride showed short onset and long duration of sedation compared to diazepam. So for herniorraphy, xylazine hydrochloride can be used as a better sedative while 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride can be used as a local analgesic for longer duration of action

Toward a translingual composition: ancient rhetorics and language difference

The purpose of this dissertation is to outline a pedagogy that promotes language difference in college composition classrooms. Scholarship on language difference has strived for decades to transform teaching practices in mainstream, developmental, and second-language writing instruction. Despite compelling arguments in support of linguistic diversity, a majority of secondary and postsecondary writing teachers in the U.S. still privilege Standard English. However, non-native speakers of English now outnumber native speakers worldwide, a fact which promises to redefine what "standard" means from a translingual perspective. It is becoming clearer that multilingual writers, versed in flexible hermeneutic strategies and able to draw on a variety of Englishes and languages to make meaning, have significant advantages over monolingual students. My dissertation anticipates the pedagogical and programmatic changes necessitated by this global language shift. To this end, I join a number of scholars in arguing for a revival of classical style and the progymnasmata, albeit with the unique agenda of strengthening pedagogies of language difference. Although adapting classical rhetorics to promote translingual practices such as code-meshing at first seems to contradict the spirit of language difference given the dominant perception of Greco-Roman culture as imperialistic and intolerant of diversity, I reread neglected rhetoricians such as Quintilian in order to recover their latent multilingual potential

Implementation of a constructivist-oriented training for kinesiology graduate teaching assistants

Increasingly, graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) are not assisting faculty instructors, but finding themselves in the role of lead instructor, particularly in physical activity courses. Despite this responsibility, GTAs receive little or no pedagogical training and often feel unprepared to teach. Conversely, college and university physical education teacher education (PETE) programs grounded in constructivist principles provide a strong nurturing environment for teacher growth and are increasingly commonplace. Constructivist methods foster learners’ active involvement by utilizing real-life learning situations that they perceive as relevant to their own lives – situations that are contextual and holistic. While constructivist PETE programs have been studied, constructivist kinesiology GTA training has not. Alignment (curricular elements reinforcing each other and fitting together logically) is a goal of constructivist teaching. Built on a pilot study that revealed the absence or poor articulation of three key curricular elements - student learning objectives (SLOs), learning cues, and teacher-provided feedback, this dissertation study was conducted to implement and evaluate a constructivist-oriented program to train new university GTAs to enhance their teaching effectiveness through alignment of these three elements. This study utilized a qualitative research design, focusing on process, understanding, and meaning, rather than product. The sample was purposeful and non-probabilistic. The primary participants were 11 GTAs new to the physical activity instruction program at a public university in the United States. I led a three-hour constructivist-oriented training session with this group in the week preceding the fall semester, and observed each GTA teach on three occasions, offering feedback, mentoring, and support. I conducted one-on-one semi-structured interviews with each GTA, two undergraduate students taught by each GTA, and the director of physical activity instruction. I analyzed the data (observation field notes, interview transcriptions, orientation/training documents, lesson plans, and syllabi) using constant comparison. The training/mentoring intervention enhanced the ability of most GTAs to align SLOs, learning cues, and feedback in the execution (although much less so in the written planning) of their lessons. Most of the new teachers shared that the training session reduced their anxiety regarding their upcoming teaching assignment, and nearly all agreed or strongly agreed that the training had been useful, had increased their pedagogical knowledge, and had increased their self-confidence regarding their teaching. All the GTAs described the semester-long mentoring as beneficial, particularly because most were eager to receive feedback on their teaching performance. In turn, most undergraduate students interviewed expressed that they felt their instructor had been successful in presenting a well-sequenced curriculum that fostered their learning

Academic governance, freedom, tenure, and due process at East Coast Bible College : a developmental study

The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a statement of academic freedom, tenure, and due process at East Coast Bible College to be used as a model for other Bible colleges. Specifically the study proposed to describe how various members or groups of members of the academic community of one Bible college perceived their particular roles, the interactions that occurred, and how the interactions either affected or were affected by the overall process. The naturalistic fieldwork methods of the participant observer were used to collect data. Observations, as well as formal and informal interviews were recorded in field notes. The analytic goal for this study was to describe the interactions that occurred at each level of the process and how they may have affected the end result

Cognitive complexity and selected aspects of leaders' self-reported cognitions

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between leaders/managers' level of cognitive complexity and (a) their cognitive processing during decision making about hypothetical leadership situations and (b) their self-reported leadership style, flexibility, and effectiveness. Sixty MBA students, 33 men and 27 women, comprised the sample. Participants were administered the Paragraph Completion Method (Hunt, Butler,Noy, & Rosser, 1978) and divided via a median split into two groups: low conceptual level and high conceptual level. Participants were then administered two leadership behavior inventories: Leadership Complexity Assessment (LCA), created by the researcher, and Leader Behavior Analysis II (LBA; Blanchard, Hambelton, Forsyth, & Zigarmi, 1985). On the LCA participants reported influencing factors, range of factors, options, multiple perspectives, and dissenting viewpoints when responding to two situational vignettes. The LBA was used to assess participant's leadership style, flexibility, and effectiveness