1,055 research outputs found
Flexible Booms, Momentum Wheels, and Subtle Gravity-Gradient Instabilities
A gravity-gradient boom and a momentum wheel provides a passive, three-axis attitude control system for a small satellite requiring 10° Earth-oriented pointing In a low Earth orbit. The Polar BEAR satellite Is a small satellite using just such a system that has experienced unexpected attitude instabilities during some of Its full-sun orbit periods. This paper examines the attitude dynamles and disturbances associated with gravlty-gradientlmomentum-wheel systems In an attempt to identify potential destabilizing mechanisms common to the configuration. Polar BEAR is not the only such configuration to experience problems In full sun. and several other examples are briefiy discussed. Although we place particular emphasis on trying to understand Polar BEAR\u27s anomaly, Its performance may be symptomatic of problems with the Dexible-boom/momentum-wheel configuration
Arsenic Contamination in Food-chain: Transfer of Arsenic into Food Materials through Groundwater Irrigation
Arsenic contamination in groundwater in Bangladesh has become an additional concern vis-à -vis its use for irrigation purposes. Even if arsenic-safe drinking-water is assured, the question of irrigating soils with arsenic-laden groundwater will continue for years to come. Immediate attention should be given to assess the possibility of accumulating arsenic in soils through irrigation-water and its subsequent entry into the food-chain through various food crops and fodders. With this possibility in mind, arsenic content of 2,500 water, soil and vegetable samples from arsenic-affected and arsenic-unaffected areas were analyzed during 1999–2004. Other sources of foods and fodders were also analyzed. Irrigating a rice field with groundwater containing 0.55 mg/L of arsenic with a water requirement of 1,000 mm results in an estimated addition of 5.5 kg of arsenic per ha per annum. Concentration of arsenic as high as 80 mg per kg of soil was found in an area receiving arsenic-contaminated irrigation. A comparison of results from affected and unaffected areas revealed that some commonly-grown vegetables, which would usually be suitable as good sources of nourishment, accumulate substantially-elevated amounts of arsenic. For example, more than 150 mg/kg of arsenic has been found to be accumulated in arum (kochu) vegetable. Implications of arsenic ingested in vegetables and other food materials are discussed in the paper
Estimating Costs and Benefits Associated with Evidence-Based Violence Prevention: Four case studies based on the Fourth R program
Teen violence in dating and peer relationships has huge costs to society in numerous areas including health care, social services, the workforce and the justice system. Physical, psychological, and sexual abuse have long-lasting ramifications for the perpetrators as well as the victims, and for the families involved on both sides of that equation. An effective violence prevention program that is part of a school’s curriculum is beneficial not only for teaching teenagers what is appropriate behaviour in a relationship, but also for helping them break the cycle of violence which may have begun at home with their own maltreatment as children.
The Fourth R program is an efficacious violence prevention program that was developed in Ontario and has been implemented in schools throughout Canada and the U.S. Covering relationship dynamics common to dating violence as well as substance abuse, peer violence and unsafe sex, the program can be adapted to different cultures and to same-sex relationships. The program, which gets its name from the traditional 3Rs — reading, ’riting and ’rithmetic — offers schools the opportunity to provide effective programming for teens to reduce the likelihood of them using relationship for violence as they move into adulthood.
The federal government has estimated that the societal costs of relationship violence amount to more than 5 million can be saved in costs to society
New pathway to bypass the 15O waiting point
We propose the sequential reaction process
O(,)O as a new pathway to bypass of the
O waiting point. This exotic reaction is found to have a surprisingly
high cross section, approximately 10 times higher than the
O(,)O. These cross sections were calculated after
precise measurements of energies and widths of the proton-unbound F low
lying states, obtained using the H(O,p)O reaction. The large
cross section can be understood to arise from the more
efficient feeding of the low energy wing of the ground state resonance by the
gamma decay. The implications of the new reaction in novae explosions and X-ray
bursts are discussed.Comment: submitte
Five Dimensional Cosmological Models in General Relativity
A Five dimensional Kaluza-Klein space-time is considered in the presence of a
perfect fluid source with variable G and . An expanding universe is
found by using a relation between the metric potential and an equation of
state. The gravitational constant is found to decrease with time as whereas the variation for the cosmological constant follows as
, and
where is the equation of state parameter and is the scale factor.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, accepted in Int. J. Theor. Phy
Arsenic Contamination in Food-chain: Transfer of Arsenic into Food Materials Through Groundwater Irrigation
Arsenic contamination in groundwater in Bangladesh has become an
additional concern vis-\ue0-vis its use for irrigation purposes. Even
if arsenic-safe drinking-water is assured, the question of irrigating
soils with arsenic-laden groundwater will continue for years to come.
Immediate attention should be given to assess the possibility of
accumulating arsenic in soils through irrigation-water and its
subsequent entry into the food-chain through various food crops and
fodders. With this possibility in mind, arsenic content of 2,500 water,
soil and vegetable samples from arsenic-affected and arsenic-unaffected
areas were analyzed during 1999-2004. Other sources of foods and
fodders were also analyzed. Irrigating a rice field with groundwater
containing 0.55 mg/L of arsenic with a water requirement of 1,000 mm
results in an estimated addition of 5.5 kg of arsenic per ha per annum.
Concentration of arsenic as high as 80 mg per kg of soil was found in
an area receiving arsenic-contaminated irrigation. A comparison of
results from affected and unaffected areas revealed that some
commonly-grown vegetables, which would usually be suitable as good
sources of nourishment, accumulate substantially-elevated amounts of
arsenic. For example, more than 150 mg/kg of arsenic has been found to
be accumulated in arum (kochu) vegetable. Implications of arsenic
ingested in vegetables and other food materials are discussed in the
paper
A glassy contribution to the heat capacity of hcp He solids
We model the low-temperature specific heat of solid He in the hexagonal
closed packed structure by invoking two-level tunneling states in addition to
the usual phonon contribution of a Debye crystal for temperatures far below the
Debye temperature, . By introducing a cutoff energy in the
two-level tunneling density of states, we can describe the excess specific heat
observed in solid hcp He, as well as the low-temperature linear term in the
specific heat. Agreement is found with recent measurements of the temperature
behavior of both specific heat and pressure. These results suggest the presence
of a very small fraction, at the parts-per-million (ppm) level, of two-level
tunneling systems in solid He, irrespective of the existence of
supersolidity.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Strength Reduction in Electrical and Elastic Networks
Particular aspects of problems ranging from dielectric breakdown to metal
insu- lator transition can be studied using electrical o elastic networks. We
present an expression for the mean breakdown strength of such networks.First,
we intro- duce a method to evaluate the redistribution of current due to the
removal of a finite number of elements from a hyper-cubic network of
conducatances.It is used to determine the reduction of breakdown strength due
to a fracture of size .Numerical analysis is used to show that the
analogous reduction due to random removal of elements from electrical and
elastic networks follow a similar form.One possible application, namely the use
of bone density as a diagnostic tools for osteorosporosis,is discussed.Comment: one compressed file includes: 9 PostScrpt figures and a text fil
Exact eigenstate analysis of finite-frequency conductivity in graphene
We employ the exact eigenstate basis formalism to study electrical
conductivity in graphene, in the presence of short-range diagonal disorder and
inter-valley scattering. We find that for disorder strength, 5, the
density of states is flat. We, then, make connection, using the MRG approach,
with the work of Abrahams \textit{et al.} and find a very good agreement for
disorder strength, = 5. For low disorder strength, = 2, we plot the
energy-resolved current matrix elements squared for different locations of the
Fermi energy from the band centre. We find that the states close to the band
centre are more extended and falls of nearly as as we move away
from the band centre. Further studies of current matrix elements versus
disorder strength suggests a cross-over from weakly localized to a very weakly
localized system. We calculate conductivity using Kubo Greenwood formula and
show that, for low disorder strength, conductivity is in a good qualitative
agreement with the experiments, even for the on-site disorder. The intensity
plots of the eigenstates also reveal clear signatures of puddle formation for
very small carrier concentration. We also make comparison with square lattice
and find that graphene is more easily localized when subject to disorder.Comment: 11 pages,15 figure
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