Development of a co-cured composite torque shaft for rudder of high speed aircraft

The Carbon Fibre reinforced Composites are widely used in developing various composite parts of civil and13; military aircraft due to its high specific strength and specific stiffness. Rudder being a primary control surface in an aircraft, it is subjected to various loads and needs high degree of structural integrity. Usually rudders are made of metal with many fasteners. In NAL we have designed and developed a composite rudder. Specialty of this13; rudder is that it has a torque shaft made up of carbon composite and has only few rivets. Conventionally torque13; shaft s are made up of special metals like titanium. The objective of this paper is to highlight the development of13; various tooling techniques used to fabricate the composite torque shaft . All major parts of the torque shaft are13; made by Co-curing technique and the metal attachments are embedded to the composite parts by self locking13; mechanism design. To qualify the torque shaft fatigue tests are done and ageing studies performed to prove13; structural integrity of the torque shaft under extreme environmental conditions. This paper portrays the13; development efforts, tolling and fabrication approaches for successful realization of the CFRP Torque Shaft

Ethnobotanical Studies on Dental Hygiene in District Hamipur, Himachal Pradesh (H.P.), India

The present study was carried out to assess and document ethnobotanical knowledge of plants of District Hamirpur (H.P.) used for dental care, as the area has diverse flora and high ethnobotanical potential. It was found that 32 different plant species belonging to 24 families are used for dental hygiene. The studies reveal the use of 18 trees, 9 shrubs, 2 under-shrubs and 5 herbs for dental hygiene

Indigenous Traditional Method for Making Liquid Detergent “Chhoa” from Zea mays Linn. in Shivalik Hills (Himachal Pradesh), India

In the past, herbal liquid detergent was in regular use but with modernization this traditional indigenous knowledge depleted and at present is in use to a limited extent in some rural pockets of Shivalik hills. Dried maize (Zea mays Linn.) stems are burnt to ash and are put into a bamboo basket with a bottom layer of paddy straw. After pouring boiling water over ash, herbal liquid detergent is obtained as a final product. It is eco-friendly and a classic example of sustainability concept

Ethnobotanical Studies on Timber Resources of Himachal Pradesh (H.P.), India

Timber is one of the most important resources in the life of ethnic communities and villagers. Timber resources are used by the ethnic communities and the villagers for various purposes i.e. house construction, furniture, and agricultural implements; for making walking sticks, musical instruments and packing cases etc. Timber is the most important forest resource along with shelter, food and clothes used by any community in Himachal Pradesh as well as in any part of the country and it has contributed a lot in the development of various civilizations from time immortal. This paper deals with the 61 timber resources of H.P. belonging to 47 genera and 26 families as well as their various uses by the ethnic communities and villagers. The timber resources have been divided in all the three ranges of ‘Himachal Himalayas’

Palladium nanocatalysts encapsulated on porous silica @ magnetic carbon-coated cobalt nanoparticles for sustainable hydrogenations of nitroarenes, alkenes and alkynes

Palladium nanoparticles were impregnated on porous silica shell carbon-coated cobalt nanoparticles, resulting in a magnetically retrievable material that was evaluated in the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes, alkenes and alkynes. The prepared material was characterized by HR-XRD, HR-TEM, elemental mapping EDX, ICP-OES and XPS analyses, revealing highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles within the porous platform that could account for the high activity observed. Mild reaction conditions, easy retrievability of the catalyst with the aid of an external magnet, recycling in four runs with a total leaching of 19 ppm (1.2 % of the initially employed Pd amount), and high stability makes this material attractive for sustainable and environmentally benign applications

Biometric Personal Identification based on Iris Patterns

This paper discusses an analysis of human iris patterns for recognition of biometric system which consists of a segmentation system that is based on the Hough transform, and is able to localize the circular iris and pupil region, occluding eyelids and eyelashes, and reflections. The extracted iris region is then normalized into a rectangular block with constant dimensions to account for imaging inconsistencies. To encode the unique pattern of the iris into a bit-wise biometric template, 1D Log-Gabor filter is used.Finally to match two iris templates hamming distance is used as matching metric. The system performance is analyzed on 312 iris images taken from standard CASIA Iris Interval database version 4. To establish the verification accuracy of iris representation and matching approach, each iris image in the database is matched with all the other iris images in the database and genuine and imposter distribution is found .The performance of the system is implemented by evaluating the Decidability Index (DI), False match rate (FMR), False Non-match rate (FNMR), Genuine Accept Rate (GAR) and Equal error rate (EER)