Role of Attributional, Styles and Perceived control in control in social anxiety among university entrants

Introduction. Social anxiety is a persistent, intense and chronic fear of being negatively judged by others as well as by themselves and being embarrassed by one’s own actions. Attributional styles is known as the way an individual explains positive and negative events in life and it has an important bearing on her well being, motivation and performance. Perceived control refers to the belief that one can determine one’s own internal state and behavior, influence one’s environment, and/or bring about desired outcomes. Socially anxious individuals feel that they lack control over the events affecting them. The present study is carried out to check the relationship of social anxiety with attributional style and perceived control.Method. Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Attributional Style Assessment Testing-I and Perceived Control Scale were administered on 200 female participants from Punjabi University, Patiala. Using correlational design, Pearson's bivariate correlations were performed.Results. The findings showed that there was positive correlation between ability attribution for failure and social anxiety, and negative correlation was found between effort attribution for failure and social anxiety. There was also a negative correlation between interpersonal control, the dimension of perceived control and social anxiety. Regression analysis showed that ability attribution for failure and interpersonal control are significantly predictor of social anxiety.Discussion. The present study was conducted on assessing the relation of social anxiety with attibutional style and perceived control among university entrants. The findings revealed that freshers with high level of social anxiety showed dysfunctional Attributional style and low perceived control than those low on social anxiety. Implications of the findings have been discussed.</jats:p

Electrification of public transport in India – A feasibility study of electrifying the bus system in Amritsar

Human activities are the major factor of current global greenhouse Emission, resulting in extreme climate change, Transportation is one of the major causes of the carbon emissions ranking on the third highest emitter in India. To overcome this the public transport in the city is promoted, but with this there is a need to change the use of conventional fuel in public transport. To replace all the traditional diesel fuel urban buses with alternative energy buses. In the country like India where there is limited source of renewable energy to power the buses, the conventional diesel fuel is the major source of energy. This study will analyse the current scenario of diesel buses, by calculating the carbon emissions, cost, and infrastructure. In case of Indian city to study the feasibility of the electric buses with electricity sourced from coal and solar, different scenarios was created for the future of public transport based on carbon emissions, cost and infrastructure. Based on the scenario assessment, phase wise implementation is recommended to distribute the financial burden of high upfront cost of electric buses

Study of Various Image Fusion Techniques for the Enhancement of Digital Images

Image fusion is process which is applied to combine two distorted images in order to obtain a single meaningful image. Image fusion is done by extracting some important features from more than one image. Then these extracted features are merged to a single image which is fused image. The fused image has more enhanced quality in comparison to the input images. The image fusion is done by using specific techniques. Some of the techniques are discussed in this work. Image fusion attracts number of researchers to this domain. This work also provides an overview to the work that had been done in past by various authors. This is a guide to the scholars who are working in this domain

Analysing Pandemic Induced Economic Inequality in Developing Nations

The dawn of the new decade of the 21st century saw an unprecedented global crisis. This crisis led the world to halt economic and social progress. It led to a galloping increase in the economic inequality and migration of people in search of opportunities to save them from the current situation. The developing nations saw a sea of people migrating back to their roots in search of safe havens. This has led to the loss of jobs which has increased income inequality. Migrants face the risk of contagion and also the possible loss of employment, wages, and health insurance coverage. On the contrary, now when the world opens to a new reality, we see a dire shift in wages and salaries of the employee. There is a huge income disparity that has created an imbalance and pushed people to look for better avenues. The paper discusses the political economy of the developing nations and how the power play has led to the crisis of social, political and economic inequality and the movement of people. On how Lockdowns, loss of employment, and social distancing prompted a chaotic and painful process of mass return for internal migrants in nations like India. Immigrants who are potentially in a more vulnerable position in the labour market due to their generally less stable employment conditions are struggling to balance the economic inequality and the maintaining standard of living. Hence, the national governments need substantial structural reforms and social protection programs to help support struggling families. After all, faster economic growth is the quick way to bring people out of inequality

Evaluation of the optimal space allowance for nursery pigs

In comparison to grower/finisher pigs, relatively little is known about the effects of space allowance on nursery pigs. Because nursery pigs overlie, it has been hypothesized that the relative space allowance (k value) which is appropriate for finishing pigs may overestimate the requirements of nursery pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of space allowance on piglet behaviour, growth, and welfare. The study was completed in four blocks over four seasons using 1200 newly weaned pigs. Pigs were housed at six space allowances (k values: 0.0230, 0.0265, 0.0300, 0.0335, 0.0370 or 0.0390), in groups of 10 or 40 pigs/pen. All pigs were weighed weekly, and pen size was adjusted based on the predicted average body weight of pigs the following week. Overhead cameras were used to record group behaviour for eight hours on one day in weeks one, three and five. The percentage of animals standing, sitting, feeding, lying (sternal or fully recumbent) and overlying was recorded at 30 min intervals. The behaviour of four focal piglets per group (all female) was recorded continuously using the same footage as described for group observations. Videos were observed continuously for eight hours per day to measure feeding and drinking behaviour in focal pigs in weeks one, three and five. Salivary cortisol samples were collected from focal pigs in weeks one, three, five and six. The results were analysed using Proc Mixed and Proc Glimmix procedures in SAS (9.4) with fixed effects of density, group size and week. Overall, growth (ADG) and G:F ratios were not affected by changes in space allowance. Although there tended to be an effect of space allowance on ADG in week five (P = 0.054), no clear relationship to changes in space allowance was observed. Pigs were observed sitting more (% frequency of observations) at lower space allowances (frequency of observation (%) sitting: k = 0.0230: 43.54% vs. k = 0.0390: 31.18%. SEM = 4.05, P = 0.004). Fully recumbent lying is known to be a more restful posture and was higher at higher space allowances frequency of observation (%) fully recumbent: k = 0.0230: 49.13% vs k = 0.0390: 53.88%. SEM = 5.01, P = 0.049). As pigs aged the frequency of standing, sitting and feeding behaviours increased over time (P < 0.05). Pigs spent more time overlying in week one than in weeks three or five (P < 0.001). Space allowance had a significant effect on feeding behaviour time budgets, with pigs at lower space allowances eating more meals per day, but of shorter duration than those given higher space allowances (average bout duration: k = 0.0230: 76.8 s vs k = 0.0390: 99 s. SEM = 0.02, P = 0.003). Pigs at low space allowances also spent less time feeding compared to those at higher allowances (total feeding duration: k = 0.0230: 45.99 vs k = 0.0390: 50.83 min. SEM = 0.04, P = 0.038). The number of drinking bouts/day was highest at the lowest space allowance, while mean duration of drinking bouts was highest at the highest space allowance (drinking bouts per day: P = 0.037, average bout duration: P = 0.002). Group size had a significant effect on feeding bouts/day and drinking behaviour. Pigs in groups of 10 ate fewer meals but tended to have longer meals (Feeding bouts/day: P = 0.026; Average bout duration/min; P = 0.071) and pigs in groups of 40 spent more time drinking with longer bouts (P <0.01 for total drinking duration and drinking bouts/day). Salivary cortisol levels were also affected by space allowance, with pigs at higher space allowances having significantly higher cortisol levels (P = 0.025; SEM = 0.03), possibly because of higher activity levels. In conclusion, although there was no effect of space allowance on production performance, reductions in space resulted in pigs changing resting (fully recumbent lying) and sitting postures which are related to space sharing and welfare. Moreover, lateral recumbency increased and overlying reduced over time, which suggests that effects of space restriction are greatest as pigs approach nursery. Therefore, on the basis of postural changes, the hypothesis that nursery pigs require less space than grower/finisher pigs due to overlying are not supported

A Novel Graph Centrality Based Approach to Analyze Anomalous Nodes with Negative Behavior

AbstractDetection of different kinds of anomalous behaviors originating from negative ties among actors in online social networks is an unexplored area requiring extensive research. Due to increase in social crimes such as masquerading, bullying, etc., identification and analysis of these activities has become need of the hour. Approaches from two separate, yet, similar research areas, i.e. anomaly detection and negative tie analysis, can be clubbed together to identify negative anomalous nodes. Use of best measures from centrality based (negative ties) and structure based approaches (anomaly detection) can help us identify and analyze the negative ties more efficiently. A comparative analysis has been performed to detect the negative behaviors in online networks using different centrality measures and their relationship in curve fitting anomaly detection techniques. From results it is observed that curve fitting analysis of centrality measures relationship performs better than independent analysis of centrality measures for detecting negative anomalous nodes

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding among Adolescents: A Neglected Problem

Onset of menstruation is an important indicator of puberty among girls. A large number of adolescents suffer from abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) during the initial months after the onset of menarche. Although menstrual problems seen among most of the adolescents are physiological, however, a large proportion of adolescents suffer from pathological AUB. The knowledge of magnitude and causes of abnormal uterine bleeding among adolescents, pathological as well as physiological, is important to plan strategies for management of this problem. Review of literature was done manually as well as electronically through PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, IndMed, Embase and WHO databases. Relevant studies conducted in India as well as other countries were searched. The most common cause (72-80%) of AUB among adolescents is anovulatory cycles due to immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Other causes include bleeding disorders, thyroid disorders, and Polycystic Ovarian Disease. AUB is an important health concern among the adolescents. There is a need to create awareness regarding the physiological and pathological causes of menstrual problems among adolescents. The health care providers also need to be trained for identification and management of this problem

Diabetes Self-Management Education Programs: Current Scenario and Relevance in India

Diabetes mellitus is an important public health problem in India. With a prevalence of 8.6%, more than 66 million people are suffering from diabetes mellitus in our country. Many comorbid conditions and complications are associated with diabetes. Self-care in diabetes is a key element in the overall management of diabetes. Diabetes self-care is defined as the daily regimen tasks that the individual performs to manage diabetes. Poor self-care practices among diabetic patients are largely due to lack of information and support, and can result in poor control of the disease and its complications. In many countries, diabetes self-management education programs are integrated with diabetes care.In the present article, studies examining the effectiveness of self-care management education programs in various countries have been reviewed. The current scenario in India is discussed, as well as the challenges in integrating such programs.It has been concluded that such interventions should be culturally relevant, and should be provided in a continuous, on-going manner, so that the results in terms of metabolic control and positive behaviors are sustainable