Theoretical aspects about bright future of polymer nano-composites in mechanical engineering

Abstract: In mechanical terms, nanocomposites differ from conventional composite materials due to the exceptionally high surface to volume ratio of the reinforcing phase and/or its exceptionally high aspect ratio. The reinforcing material can be made up of particles (e.g. minerals), sheets (e.g. exfoliated clay stacks) or fibres (e.g. carbon nanotubes or electrospun fibres). The area of the interface between the matrix and reinforcement phase(s) is typically an order of magnitude greater than for conventional composite materials. The matrix material properties are significantly affected in the vicinity of the reinforcement

Role of Diffusion Weighted MR Imaging for Brain Tumor Characterization: Diffusion Weighted MRI for Brain Tumor

Background:  Most frequently occurring brain tumors are the neuroepithelial tumors. There is a need to have access to an imaging technique capable of enabling rapid and noninvasive diagnosis along with tumor monitoring. Diagnostic information in several pathological conditions can be evaluated by the mobility of water molecules in tissue, the technique known as Diffusion Weighted sequence of MRI. Therefore, this study was conducted with the objective to link the results of diffusion weighted MRI with the tumor's histopathological grade. The current study aims to evaluate this and determine the accuracy of diffusion weighted MRI to determine grade of glioma. Aim: Role of Diffusion Weighted MR Imaging for Brain Tumor Characterization. Methods: The present study was a hospital-based cross sectional purposive study. A total of 50 patients undergoing the MR evaluation of brain with evidence of clinically suspected cerebral mass were enrolled in study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: In our study the minimum ADC was significantly lower for high grade than for low-grade gliomas (1119.68 ± 138.33 vs. 717.18 ± 154.38, p <0.001) Conclusions: By examining diffusion-weighted images and comparing the ADC of gliomas with the WHO grade, we analyse the potential of ADC in predicting tumour grade through this study

Long-segment intramedullary spinal dermoid

A 30-year-old man presented with a fairly large intramedullary mass lesion involving virtually the entire spinal cord. It was hyperintense on both T1W and T2W sequences, with signal suppression on fat-saturation images. Subsequent noncontrast CT scan of the spine confirmed the presence of fat and calcification within the lesion, thus leading to the diagnosis of an intramedullary dermoid

Deep orbital dermoid cyst bulging into the superior orbital fissure: Clinical presentation and management

Purpose: To present a case of deep orbital dermoid cyst with emphasis on clinical presentation, imaging spectrum, differential diagnosis and management. Case Report: A 28-year-old female was referred to our hospital with chief complaint of drooping of right eyelid and progressive headache. Ocular motility, visual acuity and fundus examination were normal. computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-defined, intraosseous deep orbital dermoid cyst (5.9 mm × 12.5 mm) located near the apex of right orbit, extending from greater wing of sphenoid into the superior orbital fissure. Due to occulomotor nerve (superior and inferior divisions) compression which passes through the superior orbital fissure, ipsilateral headache and ptosis occurred. Complete surgical excision of cyst was performed using noninvasive extracranial lateral orbitotomy approach. After removal of the cyst, curette and cutting drill were used to thoroughly remove any residual cystic content. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis. The healing was uneventful postoperatively. Conclusion: CT and MRI are easy, reliable, safe and effective imaging methods for establishing the diagnosis of orbital dermoid cyst. Size, location and manifestations are the most important determinants of the disease management. Complete surgical excision without rupture of the cyst is the treatment of choice