Surgical repair of indirect inguinal hernia in bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata)

Background: Hernia is a protrusion of an organ from the wall of the cavity bearing it. Omentum, adipose tissue, and intestinal loops are the most frequently involved organs. The present case report is a rare case of indirect inguinal hernia having omentum engaged in scrotum through hernial ring in a bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) and its surgical management.Case Description: A 19-year-old male bonnet macaque was presented with distension of the right inguinal and scrotal region. Physical examination revealed an inguinal hernia. Surgical intervention was deemed necessary considering the state of the animal. The herniation was surgically corrected by the removal of the protruded fatty mass. The monkey was kept in strict confinement till complete healing. The animal recovered uneventfully in 2 weeks without any postoperative complications. This case report details a successful surgical repair of an indirect inguinal hernia in a bonnet macaque.Conclusion: Based on the present case study, it is concluded that surgery can be an ideal and effective option for the treatment of inguinal hernias in primates

CRP 2020 Reviews:Rice Agri-Food Systems (RICE)

In 2020 the CGIAR CAS Secretariat is conducting independent reviews of the 12 CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs), including this one of RICE. The reviews will provide information on quality of science and effectiveness in each CRP. This review covers the Phase II years of 2017 through 2019, with a view to identifying lessons for future research modalities

Cilindrično-simetrični nehomogeni kozmološki modeli s magnetskim poljem, strunama, perfektnom raspodjelom fluida i promjenljivom permeabilnošću

A new class of cylindrically-symmetric magnetized inhomogeneous perfect-fluid string cosmological models with variable magnetic permeability is investigated. We assume that F12 is the only non-vanishing component of the electromagnetic field tensor Fij . The Maxwell’s equations show that F12 is the function of x alone, whereas the magnetic permeability ¯µ may be the function of both x and t. To get the deterministic solution, it has been assumed that the metric coefficients are separable in the form as A = f(x)ℓ(t), B = g(x)k(t), C = g(x)ν(t). Also, the Einstein field equations have been solved with string source in which magnetic field is absent. Some physical and geometric aspects of the models in the presence and absence of magnetic field are discussed.Istražujemo novu vrstu cilindrično-simetričnih nehomogenih kozmoloških modela s magnetskim poljem, perfektnim fluidom, strunama i promjenljivom permeabilnošću. Pretpostavljamo da je F12 jedina neiščezavajuća sastavnica tenzora elektromagnetskog polja Fij . Maxwellove jednadžbe daju da je F12 funkcija samo x, dok magnetska permeabilnost može ovisiti o x i o t. Radi postizanja određenosti rješenja, pretpostavili smo separabilne metričke koeficijente u obliku A = f(x)ℓ(t), B = g(x)k(t), C = g(x)ν(t). Također smo riješili Einsteinove jednadžbe polja sa strunskim izvorom bez prisustva magnetskog polja. Raspravljamo neka fizička i geometrijska svojstva modela u prisustvu i bez magnetskog polja

CENTIPEDE VENOM TOXINS AND ITS BIOMEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

The present review article explains venoms from various centipede species with their biomedical and pharmacological properties. Centipede venom is a natural source of bioactive proteins, peptides and other small molecules. These use venoms as defense arsenals to paralyze prey. This review paper sketch out important physiological effects like platelet aggregation, anticoagulant, phospholipase A2 and trypsin inhibiting activity. Centipede venom toxins selectively bind Kv2.1 channel and block them. Centipede venom disrupts cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular and nervous systems by targeting the broadly distributed KCNQ channels. It also signifies toxin-voltage-gated integrations and its inhibition. These peptides can be used for developing drugs for treatments as well as bio-insecticides for insect control

Cilindrično-simetrični nehomogeni kozmološki modeli s magnetskim poljem, strunama, perfektnom raspodjelom fluida i promjenljivom permeabilnošću

A new class of cylindrically-symmetric magnetized inhomogeneous perfect-fluid string cosmological models with variable magnetic permeability is investigated. We assume that F12 is the only non-vanishing component of the electromagnetic field tensor Fij . The Maxwell’s equations show that F12 is the function of x alone, whereas the magnetic permeability ¯µ may be the function of both x and t. To get the deterministic solution, it has been assumed that the metric coefficients are separable in the form as A = f(x)ℓ(t), B = g(x)k(t), C = g(x)ν(t). Also, the Einstein field equations have been solved with string source in which magnetic field is absent. Some physical and geometric aspects of the models in the presence and absence of magnetic field are discussed.Istražujemo novu vrstu cilindrično-simetričnih nehomogenih kozmoloških modela s magnetskim poljem, perfektnim fluidom, strunama i promjenljivom permeabilnošću. Pretpostavljamo da je F12 jedina neiščezavajuća sastavnica tenzora elektromagnetskog polja Fij . Maxwellove jednadžbe daju da je F12 funkcija samo x, dok magnetska permeabilnost može ovisiti o x i o t. Radi postizanja određenosti rješenja, pretpostavili smo separabilne metričke koeficijente u obliku A = f(x)ℓ(t), B = g(x)k(t), C = g(x)ν(t). Također smo riješili Einsteinove jednadžbe polja sa strunskim izvorom bez prisustva magnetskog polja. Raspravljamo neka fizička i geometrijska svojstva modela u prisustvu i bez magnetskog polja

TICK SALIVA TOXINS, HOST IMMUNE RESPONSES AND ITS BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

Ticks are the most important ancient group of obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites of terrestrial vertebrates mainly of livestock. These small-sized animals are found in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. These act as vectors and transmit a wide range of protozoa, bacteria and viruses tick-borne diseases. These attach to host skin for blood-sucking and transmit disease pathogens through saliva. Ticks withdraw large volumes of blood from livestock and make them anemic and do significant weight loss. Ticks cause severe economic losses in livestock directly through blood-feeding and indirectly by transmitting protozoan, rickettsial and viral diseases This article highlights toxins/proteins secreted in tick saliva, and its important biological effects like anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressant peptide, and immunomodulatory and anti-chemokine activities. The present article clears host-pathogen interactions and invasion of a host by ticks, biological effects of tick saliva toxins and its host immune responses. These toxins could be used as immunoreactive proteins as a prerequisite for the development of specific and sensitive immunoassays for the determination of tick-borne illness. The authors suggest important management strategies for successful control of cattle, bird and canine ticks. This article also suggests tick control methods such as physical, chemical, hormonal and including prophylactic use of antibody and vaccine immune therapy

Tick-borne Diseases, Transmission, Host Immune Responses, Diagnosis and Control

Present review article explains tick-borne diseases, transmission, host immune responses, diagnosis and control in relation to climatic variations. Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites which suck large volumes of blood from livestock and humans. They release large numbers of protozoans, bacteria, rickettsia and viral pathogens during blood feeding and transmit disease pathogens through saliva. Due to heavy blood sucking by ticks animals face significant blood and weight loss that affect their overall health. Due to more severe illness, high economic losses were noted in livestock. This article highlights medically important tick borne diseases in man and livestock, its pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment methods. The present article emphasizes invasion of hosts, host-pathogen interactions, tick saliva toxin induced host immune responses and biological effects. This article highlighted various tick control methods i.e. physical killing, acaricidal, biological, hormonal, genetic and immunological methods such as administration of protective antibody and vaccines for disease control in human being and his livestock. The authors suggest non-chemical environmentally safe methods for successful control of tick borne diseases to kill cattle, bird and canine invading ticks

CONTROLLING CHARGING TRIGGERS AND/OR LIMITS AT A RATING GROUP/SERVICE LEVEL FOR 5G CHARGING

Presented herein is technique that may provide a mobile network operator with the ability to control all charging triggers and/or limits at a Rating Group (RG) level or at a RG and Service Identity (ID) (RG+ServId) level. Hence, a mobile network operator can leverage the technique presented herein in order to better control bandwidth allocation to services within an RG, when desired