Does Interacting with Trustworthy People Enhance Mindfulness? An Experience Sampling Study of Mindfulness in Everyday Situations

Mindfulness is known to increase after meditation interventions. But might features of our everyday situations outside of meditation not also influence our mindfulness from moment-to-moment? Drawing from psychological research on interpersonal trust, we suggest that interacting with trustworthy people could influence the expression of mindfulness. And, extending this research on trust, we further suggest that the influence of trustworthy social interactions on mindfulness could proceed through two pathways: a particularized pathway (where specific interactions that are especially high (or low) in trustworthiness have an immediate influence on mindfulness) or a generalized pathway (where the typical level of trustworthiness a person perceives across all their interactions exerts a more stable influence on their mindfulness). To explore these two pathways, study participants (N = 201) repeatedly reported their current levels of mindfulness and their prior interactions with trustworthy leaders and teammates during their everyday situations using an experience sampling protocol ( = 3,605 reports). Results from mixed-effects models provide little support for the particularized pathway: specific interactions with trustworthy leaders and teammates had little immediate association with mindfulness. The generalized pathway, however, was strongly associated with mindfulness—and remained incrementally predictive beyond relevant individual differences and features of situations. In sum, people who typically interact with more trustworthy partners may become more mindful

Decreased Nocturnal Awakenings in Young Adults Performing Bikram Yoga: A Low-Constraint Home Sleep Monitoring Study

This pilot study evaluated the impact of Bikram Yoga on subjective and objective sleep parameters. We compared subjective (diary) and objective (headband sleep monitor) sleep measures on yoga versus nonyoga days during a 14-day period. Subjects (n = 13) were not constrained regarding yoga-practice days, other exercise, caffeine, alcohol, or naps. These activities did not segregate by choice of yoga days. Standard sleep metrics were unaffected by yoga, including sleep latency, total sleep time, and percentage of time spent in rapid eye movement (REM), light non-REM, deep non-REM, or wake after sleep onset (WASO). Consistent with prior work, transition probability analysis was a more sensitive index of sleep architecture changes than standard metrics. Specifically, Bikram Yoga was associated with significantly faster return to sleep after nocturnal awakenings. We conclude that objective home sleep monitoring is feasible in a low-constraint, real-world study design. Further studies on patients with insomnia will determine whether the results generalize or not

How institutions enhance mindfulness: Interactions between external regulators and front-line operators around safety rules

National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore under its Campus for Research Excellenc

Women\u27s Lacrosse Players’ perceptions of teammate leadership: Examining athlete leadership behaviors, attributes, and interactions

Athletes fulfill both on the field (task) and off the field (social) team roles. For this reason, recent research on athlete leadership has concluded there is no one best type of athlete leader. In the current study, role differentiation theory was applied to investigate how peers perceive teammate leadership roles and behaviors within a women’s lacrosse program at a NCAA Division I university. Each player (N = 30) participated in a survey in which they were tasked with rating every teammate on the following leadership behaviors: technical, interpersonal, and contagious energy. Individual player attributes of were also considered in the analysis of a cross-classified nested model that resulted in 870 total ratings that predicted overall athlete leadership. Results suggest behaviors of technical, interpersonal, and contagious energy all impact the perception of teammates’ overall leadership. Coaches and athletes can use these results to be reassured that both on field and off field leadership behaviors are important for athlete leadership development. Furthermore, a discussion of how behaviors of social roles and leadership behaviors can be transferable for athletes’ in life after sport is discussed

Metacognition and Dynamics of Engagement: Interactive Effects of Challenge Stressors and Mindfulness Training

Must engagement with tasks feel depleting? This seemingly simple question remains surprisingly difficult to answer. Various theoretical perspectives make partially competing claims, which are seldom adjudicated or integrated. The purpose of this dissertation is to shed new light on this old question by surfacing key conceptual tensions in the literature, proposing a more dynamic model of the engagement-depletion relation, and then bringing empirical results from a field experiment to bear on this model. Taken as a whole, this dissertation suggests that the various perspectives all have merit, but mostly hold under particular boundary conditions that have thus far been underspecified. Whether engagement at one time produces feelings of depletion at a later time depends on specific task environment factors and metacognitive processes that can be trained. By proposing and testing a model that incorporates these interactions, I produce findings that have clear applied value to organizational practitioners, which I discuss at the close of the dissertation

Does interacting with trustworthy people enhance mindfulness? An experience sampling study of mindfulness in everyday situations.

Mindfulness is known to increase after meditation interventions. But might features of our everyday situations outside of meditation not also influence our mindfulness from moment-to-moment? Drawing from psychological research on interpersonal trust, we suggest that interacting with trustworthy people could influence the expression of mindfulness. And, extending this research on trust, we further suggest that the influence of trustworthy social interactions on mindfulness could proceed through two pathways: a particularized pathway (where specific interactions that are especially high (or low) in trustworthiness have an immediate influence on mindfulness) or a generalized pathway (where the typical level of trustworthiness a person perceives across all their interactions exerts a more stable influence on their mindfulness). To explore these two pathways, study participants (N = 201) repeatedly reported their current levels of mindfulness and their prior interactions with trustworthy leaders and teammates during their everyday situations using an experience sampling protocol ([Formula: see text] = 3,605 reports). Results from mixed-effects models provide little support for the particularized pathway: specific interactions with trustworthy leaders and teammates had little immediate association with mindfulness. The generalized pathway, however, was strongly associated with mindfulness-and remained incrementally predictive beyond relevant individual differences and features of situations. In sum, people who typically interact with more trustworthy partners may become more mindful

An Agent-Based Model of Collective Decision-Making: How Information Sharing Strategies Scale With Information Overload

Organizations rely on teams for complex decision-making. By bringing diverse information together and utilizing information sharing strategies, teams can make intelligent decisions. However, as organizations face increasing information overload, it has become unclear whether such strategies remain adequate or whether bounds on human rationality will prevail. We develop an agent-based model that simulates information sharing in teams, where critical information is distributed across its members. We tested how robust various information sharing strategies are to information overload and bounds on rationality in terms of the speed and accuracy of collective decision-making. Our results suggest distinct strategies depending on whether speed or accuracy is imperative and, more broadly, shed light on how intelligence is best attained in collective decision-making