Modelling Of Corona Ignition System

Modern emission regulations demand the reduction of nitrogen-oxide emissions significantly and this trend is likely to continue. Emission reduction and fuel efficiency improvement have become the prime objectives of the automobile industry today. One of the ways in which these objectives can be met is by using an ignition method that can enable the engine to run under highly lean conditions and high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates. Corona ignition is a method of ignition which has demonstrated potential to achieve high fuel efficiency by enabling engine to operate under highly lean conditions and high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates to reduce emissions. To achieve optimum performance of corona ignition system there is a need to describe system dynamics through modelling which can help in studying its electrical behavior. The primary objective of this work is to put forward a model of corona ignition system based on first principles. Tests were performed to study the behavior of the system with and without corona discharge. The various electrical parameters of the system were measured using an impedance analyzer. The effect of variation of electrical parameters affecting system behavior was also studied which can help in circuit design. The measured electrical parameters were then used in the physics based model of corona ignition system to simulate system behavior without corona discharge. The results obtained from the model and measurement were compared for model verification. It was observed that the model captured the trend of magnitude behavior of the system

Computed dynography, a method for evaluation of gait pattern in treated cases of congenital talipes equino varus

Background: Club foot is characterized by inversion, adduction and equinus. Currently, evaluation of children treated for congenital talipes equino varus (CTEV) includes clinical and radiological examination as well as assessment of function. However, none of the methods is ideal. There should be objective methods for better evaluation of function in treated CTEV. Gait analysis is the emerging method in objectively assessing the functional outcome. The aim of the study was to compare the selected measures from vertical ground reaction force variables and gait parameters of treated CTEV children with plantigrade feet, to healthy age and gender matched control group.Methods: We took 31 children with treated CTEV with mean age 8.21 years and compared with 31 age and gender matched controls. The patients were initially treated under a standard protocol. Gait cycle properties, step time parameters and vertical ground reaction force variables were recorded and comparison of unilateral and bilateral cases of treated CTEV was done with that of controls.Results: Data showed that despite good clinical results and overall function, residual intoeing, lateral foot walking, mild foot drop, weak plantar flexor power, possible residual inversion deformity of the foot, increased frequency and decreased duration of cycle and asymmetry in gait were the main characteristics of gait of children with treated CTEV. In unilateral cases single and double support times were decreased and in bilateral CTEV double support times are increased.Conclusions: The study confirms that in clubfoot patients who underwent full treatment, gait parameters do not reach normal levels. Gait analysis can be used to quantify gait pattern characteristics and is helpful in evaluation and further development of treatment of patients

Bidding combinatorial games

Combinatorial Game Theory is a branch of mathematics and theoretical computer science that studies sequential 2-player games with perfect information. Normal play is the convention where a player who cannot move loses. Here, we generalize the classical alternating normal play to infinitely many game families, by means of discrete Richman auctions (Develin et al. 2010, Larsson et al. 2021, Lazarus et al. 1996). We generalize the notion of a perfect play outcome, and find an exact characterization of outcome feasibility. As a main result, we prove existence of a game form for each such outcome class; then we describe their lattice structures. By imposing restrictions to the general families, such as impartial and {\em symmetric termination}, we find surprising analogies with alternating play.Comment: 5 figure

ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF AMLA RASA (SOUR FOOD) IN DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS ON MAMSA DHATU (MUSCLE TISSUE)

It is said that one should consume Shad-Rasayuktha Ahara for better nourishment. The nutritive value of the 6 Rasas (taste) has been explained in the classics of Ayurveda along with their harmful effects when used in excess. When Amla Rasa is taken in excess it produces Dantaharsha (Morbid sensation of teeth), Trishna (thirst) etc.Objectives - The present study is designed by administering Amla Rasa Pradhana Drvya given in different concentration 10% and 15% and effect on the Mamsa Dhatu is assessed by certain blood parameters.Material and Methods -Wistar strain albino rats of either sex, weighing of 200-300 g. Obtained from S.D.M Centre for Research in Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka. 5Groups were taken and Group 1 is Control, Group-2 is 15% Chincha, Group-3 is 15% Vrukshamla, Group-4 is 10% Chincha, Group-5 is 10% Vrukshamla which receives drug and laboratory food for 28days, next day blood was collected by supra-orbital puncture with the help of micro capillary tubes under mild ether anesthesia.Results - There was increase in the Total Protein, Serum Albumin and serum creatinine levels and decrease in Serum globulin, Serum Urea level and Body weight.Conclusion – the study suggests that there is catabolic action of the Amla Rasa on the Mamsa Dhatu and anabolic act action on serum protein especially at the level of liver, so there will be a loss of muscle tissue which suggests Mamsa Vidhahyati action

Constructive comparison in bidding combinatorial games

A class of discrete Bidding Combinatorial Games that generalize alternating normal play was introduced by Kant, Larsson, Rai, and Upasany (2022). The major questions concerning optimal outcomes were resolved. By generalizing standard game comparison techniques from alternating normal play, we propose an algorithmic play-solution to the problem of game comparison for bidding games. We demonstrate some consequences of this result that generalize classical results in alternating play (from Winning Ways 1982 and On Numbers and Games 1976). In particular, integers, dyadics and numbers have many nice properties, such as group structures, but on the other hand the game * is non-invertible. We state a couple of thrilling conjectures and open problems for readers to dive into this promising path of bidding combinatorial games.Comment: 23 pages, 1 figur

The management of complex periprosthetic femoral fractures: a case series of plating with wire augmentation, and a review of the literature

Periprosthetic fractures continue to increase in frequency. This is due, in part, to the increasing number of primary and revision arthroplasties performed annually and to the increasing age and fragility of patients with such implants. All types of periprosthetic fractures can present unique and substantial treatment challenges. Here we present a case series of 3 elderly patients who came to us with periprosthetic hip fractures in previously operated case of hip hemiarthroplasty/total hip replacement done. The injuries were managed with splintage and operative procedures. Postoperatively mobilization was challenging. But patients were successfully mobilized with the help of relatives and physiotherapists. Periprosthetic fractures are becoming quite common in elderly and difficult to treat as the number of hip joint arthroplasty operative has increased in developing countries. the correct procedure is very challenging as every case needs to be treated very individualistically. A good plan always results in much reduction in the operating time and better patient post operative outcome. Postoperatively mobilization of patient and functional outcome is hampered. Proper counselling by operating surgeon, physiotherapy and postoperative rehabilitation with the help of relatives and assisting devices provides good outcome. So that early appropriate treatment and mobilization can be done with good functional outcome

Primary tendon repair in a case of acute traumatic tibialis anterior with extensor hallucis longus tendon rupture in a young male-a case report

Tibialis anterior tendon rupture is a rare entity which can be either traumatic and non-traumatic. It often presents late due to mild clinical symptoms and signs. Acute ruptures are traumatic occurring in young individuals while chronic ruptures are due to degenerative processes occurring in elderly individuals, commonly after 45 years of age. Tibia anterior along with extensor hallucis tendon is an even rarer entity, operative management of which becomes mandatory, more so in a young active individual for better outcome. We have a 31-year-old male patient, who presented to us with an acute post traumatic tibialis anterior tendon rupture of 3 days duration which was diagnosed following an initial clinical examination, an unremarkable X-ray picture, and Ultrasonography confirming the diagnosis. The patient was managed with primary repair of the tibialis anterior tendon along with Extensor hallucis tendon (which was found intra-operatively) with 2-0 ethibond sutures using a cross-linked Bunnell technique. The patient regained full ankle range of motion at 8 weeks post operative period with ankle dorsiflexion and great toe extension back to pre-injury state.As we have seen with this case, early primary repair in a case of acute rupture at tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus rupture with non-absorbable suture has significant improved post operative outcome in terms of return of the affected range of motion and can be practice safely in new hands with limited resources as material of suture and technique has not significant effect in post operative outcome. Acute tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis tendon rupture, non absorbable suture, ethibond, cross linked Bunnell technique.

Morphological characterization of forage sorghum genotypes for its various DUS traits

The present investigation was conducted to characterize 20 genotypes of sorghum {Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench} on the basis of 33 morphological characters provided by Protection of Plant Variety & Farmer’s Right Act (PPV&FRA) for Distinctiveness Uniformity and Stability (DUS) testing in sorghum. Experimental results revealed that maximum variation was found on the basis of glume colour among the genotypes i.e. G 46, HC 308, HJ 513 had green white, IS 3237, SSG 9, HC 171 had yellow white, SSG 59-3, COFS 29 had grayed purple, S 437-1, SGL-87, S 540-S, SSG (PSSG) had grayed yellow and remaining seven genotypes had grayed orange glume colour. The studied traits showed five genotypes had distinct state of expression. Genotype S-540 showed very high plant height upto the base of flag leaf, HC 136 had compact panicle density at maturity, COFS 29 had very long glume length, SSG 59-3 had distinct expression for days to panicle emergence (50 % of the plants with 50 % of anthesis) and COFS 29 and IS 18551 had short and very long leaf width of blade, respectively. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed principal Factor (PFI) and Principal Factor (PFII) with maximum variability (64.99 %). Classification of genotypes on the basis of DUS traits provided identification of key characteristics of various genotypes