User-centered visual analysis using a hybrid reasoning architecture for intensive care units

One problem pertaining to Intensive Care Unit information systems is that, in some cases, a very dense display of data can result. To ensure the overview and readability of the increasing volumes of data, some special features are required (e.g., data prioritization, clustering, and selection mechanisms) with the application of analytical methods (e.g., temporal data abstraction, principal component analysis, and detection of events). This paper addresses the problem of improving the integration of the visual and analytical methods applied to medical monitoring systems. We present a knowledge- and machine learning-based approach to support the knowledge discovery process with appropriate analytical and visual methods. Its potential benefit to the development of user interfaces for intelligent monitors that can assist with the detection and explanation of new, potentially threatening medical events. The proposed hybrid reasoning architecture provides an interactive graphical user interface to adjust the parameters of the analytical methods based on the users' task at hand. The action sequences performed on the graphical user interface by the user are consolidated in a dynamic knowledge base with specific hybrid reasoning that integrates symbolic and connectionist approaches. These sequences of expert knowledge acquisition can be very efficient for making easier knowledge emergence during a similar experience and positively impact the monitoring of critical situations. The provided graphical user interface incorporating a user-centered visual analysis is exploited to facilitate the natural and effective representation of clinical information for patient care

Edema Toxin Impairs Anthracidal Phospholipase A2 Expression by Alveolar Macrophages

Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, is a spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium. Infection with this pathogen results in multisystem dysfunction and death. The pathogenicity of B. anthracis is due to the production of virulence factors, including edema toxin (ET). Recently, we established the protective role of type-IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) against B. anthracis. A component of innate immunity produced by alveolar macrophages (AMs), sPLA2-IIA is found in human and animal bronchoalveolar lavages at sufficient levels to kill B. anthracis. However, pulmonary anthrax is almost always fatal, suggesting the potential impairment of sPLA2-IIA synthesis and/or action by B. anthracis factors. We investigated the effect of purified ET and ET-deficient B. anthracis strains on sPLA2-IIA expression in primary guinea pig AMs. We report that ET inhibits sPLA2-IIA expression in AMs at the transcriptional level via a cAMP/protein kinase A–dependent process. Moreover, we show that live B. anthracis strains expressing functional ET inhibit sPLA2-IIA expression, whereas ET-deficient strains induced this expression. This stimulatory effect, mediated partly by the cell wall peptidoglycan, can be counterbalanced by ET. We conclude that B. anthracis down-regulates sPLA2-IIA expression in AMs through a process involving ET. Our study, therefore, describes a new molecular mechanism implemented by B. anthracis to escape innate host defense. These pioneering data will provide new molecular targets for future intervention against this deathly pathogen

Mise en place d'outils pédagogiques dans le cadre de l'UNSPF

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Monastères bénédictins de Reims aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles

Ravaux Jean-Pierre. Monastères bénédictins de Reims aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 141, n°1, année 1983. pp. 77-78

Marne. Un retable du XIVe siècle découvert à Pogny

Ravaux Jean-Pierre. Marne. Un retable du XIVe siècle découvert à Pogny. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 141, n°4, année 1983. p. 407

Marne. Saint-Germain-la-Ville, découverte d'une archivolte sculptée

Ravaux Jean-Pierre. Marne. Saint-Germain-la-Ville, découverte d'une archivolte sculptée. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 147, n°1, année 1989. p. 84

Un maître maçon du XVe siècle

Ravaux Jean-Pierre. Un maître maçon du XVe siècle. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 147, n°3, année 1989. p. 252

Maryse Bideault, Claudine Lautier, Ile-de-France gothique, t. I. Paris, Picard, 1987.

Ravaux Jean-Pierre. Maryse Bideault, Claudine Lautier, Ile-de-France gothique, t. I. Paris, Picard, 1987.. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 147, n°3, année 1989. pp. 256-257

Un maître maçon du XVe siècle

Ravaux Jean-Pierre. Un maître maçon du XVe siècle. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 147, n°3, année 1989. p. 252